Abstract：
:Aggressive lipid lowering was initially controversial due to evidence from epidemiologic studies that implied an increase in total mortality with low cholesterol levels combined with equivocal results from early trials utilizing bile acid resins or fibric acid derivatives. The advent of statin therapy allowed significant reductions of circulating lipid levels and clearly reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Additionally, in adequately powered trials, total mortality was also reduced. The optimal level of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has not been definitely established. However, recent clinical trials with aggressive lipid goals have established that LDL cholesterol can be significantly lowered below 100 mg/dL with improvement in both surrogate measurements and hard clinical endpoints. Ongoing clinical trials have been initiated that will determine the optimal level of LDL cholesterol that will insure cardiovascular benefits and establish the risk-benefit relationship of aggressive pharmacologic lowering of circulating lipid levels.
journal_name
Curr Atheroscler Repjournal_title
Current atherosclerosis reportsauthors
Todd J,Farmer JAdoi
10.1007/s11883-006-0053-5keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-03-01 00:00:00pages
157-62issue
2eissn
1523-3804issn
1534-6242journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Serum cholesterol traditionally has been considered a poor predictor of total stroke risk; however, it is associated positively with ischemic stroke risk and associated negatively with hemorrhagic stroke risk. Although studies failed to demonstrate stroke reduction using older cholesterol-lowering medications, recent ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-000-0101-5
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabesity is a term often used to indicate the association of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with obesity; the prevalence of both conditions is rapidly increasing worldwide and has reached epidemic proportions. Insulin resistance represents the major determinant of T2DM, which becomes manifest once relative β-cell fa...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-012-0284-6
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke is a common and disabling condition. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administered within 3 h of symptom onset is the standard therapy for eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, because of the time limitation, very few patients with ischemic stroke actually receive this treat...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-010-0121-8
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the key transcription factors regulating lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. PPARalpha and PPARgamma are known therapeutic targets for hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively. The physiologic function of the third member, PPARdelta, has been d...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02693931
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality world-wide and is well suited for prevention because it has a high prevalence, high burden of economic cost, well-defined modifiable risk factors, and effective prevention measures. Atherosclerosis is one of the major mechanisms of ischemic stroke, but the apparent diffe...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-006-0012-1
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipodystrophies are a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by the loss of adipose tissue and by abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. In this review, we describe several mouse models that recapitulate various aspects of the lipodystroph...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-000-0077-1
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a group of enzymes that oxidatively modify drugs to a more water-soluble form for renal excretion. Nearly 50% of all clinically used medications and endogenous steroids are metabolized by the CYP enzyme 3A4, which explains why many of the important potential drug interactions involved this...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-000-0090-4
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with ischemic stroke of unclear etiology are often screened for hypercoagulable syndromes or thrombophilias. These have been recognized to cause venous thrombosis, and include hereditary deficiencies of coagulation factors, genetic mutations, or acquired disorders. However, the majority of coagulation disorde...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-003-0052-8
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preliminary evidence demonstrating that adding 0.5 mg of colchicine per day to statin and antiplatelet therapy reduced the risk of acute coronary events in patients with stable coronary artery disease has raised the hope that it may prove effective for the long-term secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-013-0391-z
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes and its micro- and macrovascular complications represent a worldwide epidemic that will place an enormous financial burden on poorer countries in the years to come. In patients with diabetes and hypertension, the main determinant of the cardiovascular and renal benefits of antihypertensive drugs is the blood ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-011-0160-9
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:High-intensity exercise may beneficially impact on insulin sensitivity. However, there is still uncertainty on the actual impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on chronic physiologic adaptations among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to systematically search and appr...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11883-019-0767-9
更新日期：2019-02-02 00:00:00
abstract：:We briefly and comprehensively present some of the novel findings in the field of revascularization therapy and management of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We highlight the latest evidence-based advancements in the pharmacological and mechanical treatment of patients who presented with STEMI. Sin...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-014-0412-6
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammation and oxidative processes are key components of atherosclerosis, from fatty streak formation to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Recent basic and clinical studies have identified a number of inflammatory and oxidative processes that appear to play a direct role in atherothrombosis and identify potentially cli...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-004-0038-1
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (cis-MUFAs) on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and on CHD mortality are not clear. Also, dietary recommendations for cis-MUFA as derived by various organizations are not in agreement. Earlier studies have mainly focused on the effects of cis-MUFA on serum lipids ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-016-0597-y
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We summarize recent advances in the understanding of genetic testing in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the use of expanded FH next-generation sequencing panels, and directions for future research. RECENT FINDINGS:The uptake of massively parallel sequencing in research and diagnostic laboratories...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-018-0731-0
更新日期：2018-05-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The original version of this article contains errors in Table 3. "At least 1 project/publication in the year" and "> 1 publication per year" have been switched under the titles of "Clinical Track" and "Physician-Scientist track". ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1007/s11883-018-0743-9
更新日期：2018-06-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Statin therapy has became the most important advance in stroke prevention since the introduction of aspirin and blood pressure-lowering therapies. Other lipid-modifying drugs have been less successful in reducing the incidence of stroke, but because of evidence for the use of triglyceride-lowering drugs and treatments...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-011-0186-z
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Acute stroke is a treatable disease. Nevertheless, only a minority of patients obtain guideline-adjusted therapy. One major reason is the small time window in which therapies have to be administered in order to reverse or mitigate brain injury and prevent disability. The Mobile Stroke Unit (MSU) conce...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-018-0751-9
更新日期：2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) is a calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) enzyme secreted by leukocytes and associated with circulating low-density lipoprotein and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Until recently, the biological role of Lp-PLA(2) in atherosclerosis was controversial, but ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-009-0076-9
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease and its clinical sequelae remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many regions of the world. Dyslipidemia is a critical risk factor to intercept in both the primary and secondary prevention of acute cardiovascular events. The prospective, placebo-controlled clinical trials conduc...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-004-0045-2
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Olive oil is the principal source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, which has been associated with a lower incidence of coronary heart disease and certain cancers. Olive oil is characterized by a high proportion of monounsaturated oleic acid, but the main peculiarity of extra-virgin oil is the presence of remarkable q...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-001-0012-0
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a commonly identified potential mechanism of ischemic stroke, especially in young patients. The recurrent stroke rate among young cryptogenic stroke patients with a PFO is modest, but higher than normal for their age. Co-existing atrial septal aneurysm is a ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-007-0039-y
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently associated with obesity and overweight. It has a broad spectrum of clinical and histological presentations, such as steatosis, inflammation (known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. There is increasing evidence th...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-017-0681-y
更新日期：2017-10-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous retrospective and prospective observational studies support an association between elevated homocysteine and increased risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Although folic acid therapy substantially reduces homocysteine levels, recent large, randomized controlled trials fail...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s11883-007-0048-x
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is common after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and represents a significant cause of poor functional outcome. DCI was mainly thought to be caused by cerebral vasospasm; however, recent clinical trials have been unable to confirm this hypothesis. Studies in humans and ani...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-017-0690-x
更新日期：2017-10-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Eicosanoids, including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and other oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, have emerging roles in endothelial inflammation and subsequent atherosclerosis. Unlike eicosanoids in the prostanoid series, they are known to be esterified in cell lipids such...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-009-0061-3
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dyslipidemia is central to the process of atherosclerosis. Modification of the lipid profile by diet, exercise, or pharmacologic therapy has been demonstrated to reduce the risk from atherosclerosis in clinical studies in primary and secondary prevention. Nicotinic acid has been in clinical use for over 50 years. The ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-009-0014-x
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The review aims to describe the differences between men and women in those factors that can influence a worse prognosis in women after an acute cardiovascular event. RECENT FINDINGS:Women adequately treated with current evidence-based medications for acute myocardial infarction and for conventional c...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-020-00882-4
更新日期：2020-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Injury of arterial endothelium by abnormal shear stress and other insults induces migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which in turn leads to intimal thickening, hypoxia, and vasa vasorum angiogenesis. The resultant new blood vessels extend from the tunica media into the outer intima, a...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-015-0510-0
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the dawn of civilization, carbohydrate has comprised the largest source of energy in the diet for most populations. The source of the carbohydrate has been from plants in the form of complex carbohydrate high in fiber. Only in affluent cultures has sugar contributed so much of the total energy. When carbohydrate...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-005-0059-4
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
