Abstract：
:The nature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at energies >10(20) eV remains a mystery. They are likely to be of extragalactic origin, but should be absorbed within approximately 50 Mpc through interactions with the cosmic microwave background. As there are no sufficiently powerful accelerators within this distance from the Galaxy, explanations for UHECRs range from unusual astrophysical sources to exotic string physics. Also unclear is whether UHECRs consist of protons, heavy nuclei, neutrinos or gamma-rays. To resolve these questions, larger detectors with higher duty cycles and which combine multiple detection techniques are needed. Radio emission from UHECRs, on the other hand, is unaffected by attenuation, has a high duty cycle, gives calorimetric measurements and provides high directional accuracy. Here we report the detection of radio flashes from cosmic-ray air showers using low-cost digital radio receivers. We show that the radiation can be understood in terms of the geosynchrotron effect. Our results show that it should be possible to determine the nature and composition of UHECRs with combined radio and particle detectors, and to detect the ultrahigh-energy neutrinos expected from flavour mixing.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Falcke H,Apel WD,Badea AF,Bähren L,Bekk K,Bercuci A,Bertaina M,Biermann PL,Blümer J,Bozdog H,Brancus IM,Buitink S,Brüggemann M,Buchholz P,Butcher H,Chiavassa A,Daumiller K,de Bruyn AG,de Vos CM,Di Pierro F,Doll Pdoi
10.1038/nature03614keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-05-19 00:00:00pages
313-6issue
7040eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature03614journal_volume
435pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Glandular epithelia, including the mammary and prostate glands, are composed of basal cells (BCs) and luminal cells (LCs)1,2. Many glandular epithelia develop from multipotent basal stem cells (BSCs) that are replaced in adult life by distinct pools of unipotent stem cells1,3-8. However, adult unipotent BSCs can react...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-2632-y
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A fundamental tenet of cerebellar learning theories asserts that climbing fibre afferents from the inferior olive provide a teaching signal that promotes the gradual adaptation of movements. Data from several forms of motor learning provide support for this tenet. In pavlovian eyelid conditioning, for example, where a...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/416330a
更新日期：2002-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Some Pacific island societies, such as those of Easter Island and Mangareva, inadvertently contributed to their own collapse by causing massive deforestation. Others retained forest cover and survived. How can those fateful differences be explained? Although the answers undoubtedly involve both different cultural resp...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02801
更新日期：2004-09-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Four incorrect figure citations in this Letter have been corrected online. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0560-x
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In photoreceptors, a latency of many milliseconds elapses between the absorption of a light quantum and the occurrence of the late receptor potential, even for strong light stimuli. Surprisingly, this is much longer than the time necessary for conductance changes such as occur in membranes of neurones or muscles, medi...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/283859a0
更新日期：1980-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Although parasite-host co-speciation is a long-held hypothesis, convincing evidence for long-term co-speciation remains elusive, largely because of small numbers of hosts and parasites studied and uncertainty over rates of evolutionary change. Co-speciation is especially rare in RNA viruses, in which cross-species tra...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03341
更新日期：2005-03-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Peptidoglycan (PG), an essential structure in the cell walls of the vast majority of bacteria, is critical for division and maintaining cell shape and hydrostatic pressure. Bacteria comprising the Chlamydiales were thought to be one of the few exceptions. Chlamydia harbour genes for PG biosynthesis and exhibit suscept...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12892
更新日期：2014-02-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The initiation of male development in mammals requires one or more genes on the Y chromosome. A recently isolated gene, termed SRY in humans and Sry in mouse, has many of the genetic and biological properties expected of a Y-located testis-determining gene. It is now shown that Sry on a 14-kilobase genomic DNA fragmen...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/351117a0
更新日期：1991-05-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetars are neutron stars with X-ray and soft γ-ray outbursts thought to be powered by intense internal magnetic fields. Like conventional neutron stars in the form of radio pulsars, magnetars exhibit 'glitches' during which angular momentum is believed to be transferred between the solid outer crust and the superfl...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12159
更新日期：2013-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Tracing the transient atomic motions that lie at the heart of chemical reactions requires high-resolution multidimensional structural information on the timescale of molecular vibrations, which commonly range from 10 fs to 1 ps. For simple chemical systems, it has been possible to map out in considerable detail the re...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature08527
更新日期：2009-11-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinoic acid may be the natural morphogen used to generate digit pattern in the chick limb bud. It has been proposed that retinoic acid acts by binding to a cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and then entering the nucleus to alter the pattern of gene activity. High-affinity receptors that bind both retino...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/335733a0
更新日期：1988-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) are a principal subtype of excitatory ligand-gated ion channel with prominent roles in physiological and disease processes in the central nervous system. Recognition that glycine potentiates NMDAR-mediated currents as well as being a requisite co-agonist of the NMDAR subt...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01497
更新日期：2003-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Wrists, ankles and digits distinguish tetrapod limbs from fins, but direct evidence on the origin of these features has been unavailable. Here we describe the pectoral appendage of a member of the sister group of tetrapods, Tiktaalik roseae, which is morphologically and functionally transitional between a fin and a li...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04637
更新日期：2006-04-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Sea-level histories during the two most recent deglacial-interglacial intervals show substantial differences1-3 despite both periods undergoing similar changes in global mean temperature4,5 and forcing from greenhouse gases6. Although the last interglaciation (LIG) experienced stronger boreal summer insolation forcing...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-1931-7
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2) was originally characterized and isolated as a T cell-derived factor that caused the terminal maturation of activated B cells to immunoglobulin-producing cells. Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA predicts that BSF-2 is a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 26,000 s...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/332083a0
更新日期：1988-03-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Unicellular organisms such as yeasts require a single cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdk1, to drive cell division. In contrast, mammalian cells are thought to require the sequential activation of at least four different cyclin-dependent kinases, Cdk2, Cdk3, Cdk4 and Cdk6, to drive cells through interphase, as well as Cdk1 t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06046
更新日期：2007-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The maternal messenger RNA An3 was originally identified localized to the animal hemisphere of Xenopus laevis oocytes, eggs and early embryos. Xenopus embryos depend on mRNA and protein present in the egg before fertilization (maternal molecules) to provide the information needed for early development. Localization of...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/349717a0
更新日期：1991-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The murine cardioviruses, such as the Mengo and encephalomyocarditis viruses, and the bovine aphthoviruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus, are distinguished among positive-strand RNA viruses by the presence of long homopolymeric poly(C) tracts within their 5' noncoding sequences. Although the specific lengths (...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/343474a0
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resistance to infection and clearance of cell debris in mammals depend on the activation of the complement system, which is an important component of innate and adaptive immunity. Central to the complement system is the activated form of C3, called C3b, which attaches covalently to target surfaces to amplify complemen...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature05172
更新日期：2006-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder which affects approximately 1 in 3,300 males, making it the most common of the neuromuscular dystrophies. The biochemical basis of the disease is unknown and as yet no effective treatment is available. A small number of females are also affected with ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/318672a0
更新日期：1985-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas belongs to one of the most species-rich but genomically poorly explored phyla, the Mollusca. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of the oyster genome using short reads and a fosmid-pooling strategy, along with transcriptomes of development and stress response and the proteom...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11413
更新日期：2012-10-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Organelles display characteristic morphologies that are intimately tied to their cellular function, but how organelles are shaped is poorly understood. The endoplasmic reticulum is particularly intriguing, as it comprises morphologically distinct domains, including a dynamic network of interconnected membrane tubules....
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature21387
更新日期：2017-03-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Geochemical data from ancient sedimentary successions provide evidence for the progressive evolution of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Key stages in increasing oxygenation are postulated for the Palaeoproterozoic era (∼2.3 billion years ago, Gyr ago) and the late Proterozoic eon (about 0.8 Gyr ago), with the latter im...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09538
更新日期：2010-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:During female germline development, oocytes become a highly specialized cell type and form a maternal cytoplasmic store of crucial factors. Oocyte growth is triggered at the transition from primordial to primary follicle and is accompanied by dynamic changes in gene expression1, but the gene regulatory network that co...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-3027-9
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The contractile proteins of adult skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue are very similar. Some of these proteins are identical in amino acid sequence or differ only slightly. Various structural studies have shown that the heavy and light chains of myosin are also homologous in skeletal and cardiac muscles. In developing ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/286731a0
更新日期：1980-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:In this Article, owing to an error during the production process, in Fig. 1a, the dark blue and light blue wedges were incorrectly labelled as 'G•C → T•A' and 'G•C → A•T', instead of 'C•G → T•A' and 'C•G → A•T', respectively. Fig. 1 has been corrected online. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0070-x
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During puberty, the mouse mammary gland develops into a highly branched epithelial network. Owing to the absence of exclusive stem cell markers, the location, multiplicity, dynamics and fate of mammary stem cells (MaSCs), which drive branching morphogenesis, are unknown. Here we show that morphogenesis is driven by pr...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature21046
更新日期：2017-02-16 00:00:00
abstract：:At one time the synthetic chemist's last resort, reactions catalysed by transition metals are now the preferred method for synthesizing many types of organic molecule. A recent success in this type of catalysis is the discovery of reactions that form bonds between carbon and heteroatoms (such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulp...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nature07369
更新日期：2008-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：:A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper New-particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog1,2, but how it occurs in cities is often puzzling3. If the growth rates of urban particles are similar to those found in cleaner environments (1-10 nanometres per hour), then existing un...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-2270-4
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The application of human embryonic stem (ES) cells in medicine and biology has an inherent reliance on understanding the starting cell population. Human ES cells differ from mouse ES cells and the specific embryonic origin of both cell types is unclear. Previous work suggested that mouse ES cells could only be obtaine...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature05972
更新日期：2007-07-12 00:00:00
