Abstract：
:Geochemical data from ancient sedimentary successions provide evidence for the progressive evolution of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Key stages in increasing oxygenation are postulated for the Palaeoproterozoic era (∼2.3 billion years ago, Gyr ago) and the late Proterozoic eon (about 0.8 Gyr ago), with the latter implicated in the subsequent metazoan evolutionary expansion. In support of this rise in oxygen concentrations, a large database shows a marked change in the bacterially mediated fractionation of seawater sulphate to sulphide of Δ(34)S < 25‰ before 1 Gyr to ≥50‰ after 0.64 Gyr. This change in Δ(34)S has been interpreted to represent the evolution from single-step bacterial sulphate reduction to a combination of bacterial sulphate reduction and sulphide oxidation, largely bacterially mediated. This evolution is seen as marking the rise in atmospheric oxygen concentrations and the evolution of non-photosynthetic sulphide-oxidizing bacteria. Here we report Δ(34)S values exceeding 50‰ from a terrestrial Mesoproterozoic (1.18 Gyr old) succession in Scotland, a time period that is at present poorly characterized. This level of fractionation implies disproportionation in the sulphur cycle, probably involving sulphide-oxidizing bacteria, that is not evident from Δ(34)S data in the marine record. Disproportionation in both red beds and lacustrine black shales at our study site suggests that the Mesoproterozoic terrestrial environment was sufficiently oxygenated to support a biota that was adapted to an oxygen-rich atmosphere, but had also penetrated into subsurface sediment.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Parnell J,Boyce AJ,Mark D,Bowden S,Spinks Sdoi
10.1038/nature09538subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-11-11 00:00:00pages
290-3issue
7321eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature09538journal_volume
468pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Using visual information to guide behaviour requires storage in a temporary buffer, known as visual short-term memory (VSTM), that sustains attended information across saccades and other visual interruptions. There is growing debate on whether VSTM capacity is limited to a fixed number of objects or whether it is vari...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04262
更新日期：2006-03-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs used to alleviate anxiety. As such they constitute one of the most commonly prescribed compounds, due in part to their efficacy and safety. The physiological effect of these drugs is probably through interactions with a low affinity benzodiazepine binding site and two (types 1 ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/302431a0
更新日期：1983-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The largest products of magmatic activity on Earth, the great bodies of granite and their corresponding large eruptions, have a dual nature: homogeneity at the large scale and spatial and temporal heterogeneity at the small scale. This duality calls for a mechanism that selectively removes the large-scale heterogeneit...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09799
更新日期：2011-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of the basis of genetic variation has opened inroads to understanding our history as a species. It has revealed the remarkable genetic similarity we share with other individuals as well as with our closest primate relatives. To understand what make us unique, both as individuals and as a species, we need...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nature01400
更新日期：2003-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) are innate immune effector molecules that are thought to confer antiviral defence through disruption of protein-protein interactions in the host translation-initiation machinery. However, it was recently discovered that IFITs can directly recognize vir...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11783
更新日期：2013-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/d41586-018-07692-4
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite active transport into Earth's mantle, water has been present on our planet's surface for most of geological time. Yet water disappeared from the Martian surface soon after its formation. Although some of the water on Mars was lost to space via photolysis following the collapse of the planet's magnetic field, t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature25031
更新日期：2017-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The GAL4 protein activates transcription of the genes required for galactose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein, consisting of 881 amino acids, is dimeric when bound to one of the approximately twofold symmetrical DNA sites present in the galactose upstream activating sequence (UASG). Here we use two...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/356450a0
更新日期：1992-04-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is now so common within the world's population that it is beginning to replace undernutrition and infectious diseases as the most significant contributor to ill health. In particular, obesity is associated with diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, certain forms of cancer, and sleep-breathing disorders. O...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/35007508
更新日期：2000-04-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The outcomes of evolution are determined by a stochastic dynamical process that governs how mutations arise and spread through a population. However, it is difficult to observe these dynamics directly over long periods and across entire genomes. Here we analyse the dynamics of molecular evolution in twelve experimenta...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature24287
更新日期：2017-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：:A long-standing hypothesis posits that natural selection can favour two female strategies when density cycles. At low density, females producing many smaller progeny are favoured when the intrinsic rate of increase, r, governs population growth. At peak density, females producing fewer, high-quality, progeny are favou...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35023149
更新日期：2000-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/d41586-018-07046-0
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transforming viral proteins such as E1A force cells through the restriction point of the cell cycle into S phase by forming complexes with two cellular proteins: the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), a transcriptional co-repressor, and CBP/p300, a transcriptional co-activator. These two proteins locally influence chromatin...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/24190
更新日期：1998-11-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Arachidonic acid is released by phospholipase A2 when activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by neurotransmitter glutamate raises the calcium concentration in neurons, for example during the initiation of long-term potentiation and during brain anoxia. Here we investigate the effect of arachidonic acid on...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/355722a0
更新日期：1992-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.1038/d41586-018-07631-3
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oscillations in cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity drive the somatic cell cycle. After entry into mitosis, CDKs activate the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which then promotes cyclin degradation and mitotic exit. The re-accumulation of cyclin A causes the inactivation of APC and entry into S phase, but how cycl...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03023
更新日期：2004-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Several microorganisms, including Yersinia sp., Salmonella sp., Brucella sp., Mycobacterium sp. and Leishmania sp., have successfully adapted to grow within macrophage phagolysosomes. Infections caused by these intracellular pathogens are among the most difficult to treat. As part of an antimicrobial strategy directed...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/322834a0
更新日期：1986-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Io leaves a magnetic footprint on Jupiter's upper atmosphere that appears as a spot of ultraviolet emission that remains fixed underneath Io as Jupiter rotates. The specific physical mechanisms responsible for generating those emissions are not well understood, but in general the spot seems to arise because of an elec...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/415997a
更新日期：2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Secretory-protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is thought to be catalysed by integral membrane proteins. Genetic selections uncovered three Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes (SEC61, SEC62 and SEC63), mutations in which block import of precursor proteins into the ER lumen in vivo and in vitro. The DNA...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/349806a0
更新日期：1991-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Important Ca2+ signals in the cytosol and organelles are often extremely localized and hard to measure. To overcome this problem we have constructed new fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ that are genetically encoded without cofactors and are targetable to specific intracellular locations. We have dubbed these fluorescen...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/42264
更新日期：1997-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that the initiation step in mouse skin carcinogenesis involves an alteration in epidermal-differentiation, as mouse basal keratinocytes exposed to initiators resist the arrest of cell growth that is normally associated with the induction of terminal differentiation by calcium ions. The growth of ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/314459a0
更新日期：1985-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Alternative splicing of eukaryotic messenger RNA precursors is now known to be of widespread importance in generating multiple transcripts from a single gene. This phenomenon has emphasized the problem of the way in which splice sites are selected; recent studies have discussed the role of secondary structure or affin...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/324280a0
更新日期：1986-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:On being heated, ice melts into liquid water. Although in practice this process tends to be heterogeneous, it can occur homogeneously inside bulk ice. The thermally induced homogeneous melting of solids is fairly well understood, and involves the formation and growth of melting nuclei. But in the case of water, resili...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12190
更新日期：2013-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent computational and psychological theories of human texture vision assert that texture discrimination is based on first-order differences in geometric and luminance attributes of texture elements, called 'textons'. Significant differences in the density, orientation, size, or contrast of line segments or other sm...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/333364a0
更新日期：1988-05-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Maize smut caused by the fungus Ustilago maydis is a widespread disease characterized by the development of large plant tumours. U. maydis is a biotrophic pathogen that requires living plant tissue for its development and establishes an intimate interaction zone between fungal hyphae and the plant plasma membrane. U. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10454
更新日期：2011-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Tracing the transient atomic motions that lie at the heart of chemical reactions requires high-resolution multidimensional structural information on the timescale of molecular vibrations, which commonly range from 10 fs to 1 ps. For simple chemical systems, it has been possible to map out in considerable detail the re...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature08527
更新日期：2009-11-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The death of massive stars produces a variety of supernovae, which are linked to the structure of the exploding stars. The detection of several precursor stars of type II supernovae has been reported (see, for example, ref. 3), but we do not yet have direct information on the progenitors of the hydrogen-deficient type...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature05825
更新日期：2007-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：:For hundreds of years, scientists have tracked the changing appearance of Mars, first by hand drawings and later by photographs. Because of this historical record, many classical albedo patterns have long been known to shift in appearance over time. Decadal variations of the martian surface albedo are generally attrib...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature05718
更新日期：2007-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 面试
doi：10.1038/d41586-018-07198-z
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 评论,新闻
doi：10.1038/d41586-018-05909-0
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
