Abstract：
:For hundreds of years, scientists have tracked the changing appearance of Mars, first by hand drawings and later by photographs. Because of this historical record, many classical albedo patterns have long been known to shift in appearance over time. Decadal variations of the martian surface albedo are generally attributed to removal and deposition of small amounts of relatively bright dust on the surface. Large swaths of the surface (up to 56 million km2) have been observed to darken or brighten by 10 per cent or more. It is unknown, however, how these albedo changes affect wind circulation, dust transport and the feedback between these processes and the martian climate. Here we present predictions from a Mars general circulation model, indicating that the observed interannual albedo alterations strongly influence the martian environment. Results indicate enhanced wind stress in recently darkened areas and decreased wind stress in brightened areas, producing a positive feedback system in which the albedo changes strengthen the winds that generate the changes. The simulations also predict a net annual global warming of surface air temperatures by approximately 0.65 K, enhancing dust lifting by increasing the likelihood of dust devil generation. The increase in global dust lifting by both wind stress and dust devils may affect the mechanisms that trigger large dust storm initiation, a poorly understood phenomenon, unique to Mars. In addition, predicted increases in summertime air temperatures at high southern latitudes would contribute to the rapid and steady scarp retreat that has been observed in the south polar residual ice for the past four Mars years. Our results suggest that documented albedo changes affect recent climate change and large-scale weather patterns on Mars, and thus albedo variations are a necessary component of future atmospheric and climate studies.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Fenton LK,Geissler PE,Haberle RMdoi
10.1038/nature05718subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-04-05 00:00:00pages
646-9issue
7136eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature05718journal_volume
446pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Measurement of the free calcium concentration within a photo-receptor outer segment has been considered an important aim since the proposal by Hagins and Yoshikami that the primary event in phototransduction is a release of Ca (2+) inside the cell. More recent evidence has cast doubt on the calcium hypothesis, and the...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/322261a0
更新日期：1986-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:During intracellular Ca2+ signalling mitochondria accumulate significant amounts of Ca2+ from the cytosol. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake controls the rate of energy production, shapes the amplitude and spatio-temporal patterns of intracellular Ca2+ signals, and is instrumental to cell death. This Ca2+ uptake is undertaken...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02246
更新日期：2004-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Explaining the large-scale diversity of soil organisms that drive biogeochemical processes-and their responses to environmental change-is critical. However, identifying consistent drivers of belowground diversity and abundance for some soil organisms at large spatial scales remains problematic. Here we investigate a m...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0189-9
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic phenotypes are the products of interactions among a variety of factors-dietary, other lifestyle/environmental, gut microbial and genetic. We use a large-scale exploratory analytical approach to investigate metabolic phenotype variation across and within four human populations, based on 1H NMR spectroscopy. M...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06882
更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) locus has been localized to the short arm of the human X chromosome (Xp21) by detection of structural abnormalities and by genetic linkage studies. A library highly enriched for human DNA from Xp21 was constructed using DNA isolated from a male patient who had a visible deletion a...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/316842a0
更新日期：1985-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Since Bridgman's discovery of five solid water (H2O) ice phases1 in 1912, studies on the extraordinary polymorphism of H2O have documented more than seventeen crystalline and several amorphous ice structures2,3, as well as rich metastability and kinetic effects4,5. This unique behaviour is due in part to the geometric...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-019-1114-6
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic analysis of eukaryotic transcriptional promoters has revealed that protein-coding genes often contain a complex array of cis-control elements consisting of upstream activator sequences and enhancer elements. The metallothionein genes provide a useful example for dissecting the action of multiple interspersed c...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/325368a0
更新日期：1987-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to pattern surfaces on a microscopic length scale is of importance for technological applications such as the fabrication of microelectronic circuits and digital storage media. Devices fabricated entirely from polymers are now available, opening up the possibility of adapting polymer processing technologie...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35006597
更新日期：2000-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantum cryptography exploits the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics to provide a secure way to exchange private information. Such an exchange requires a common random bit sequence, called a key, to be shared secretly between the sender and the receiver. The basic idea behind quantum key distribution (QKD) has wide...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature13303
更新日期：2014-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Trypanosomes of the species Trypanosoma brucei reproduce primarily by binary fission, but the frequency of enzyme electrophoretic variants in natural populations of T. brucei has provided indirect evidence for the existence of a sexual cycle. These studies, coupled with studies of restriction fragment length polymorph...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/322173a0
更新日期：1986-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The Tharsis region is the largest volcanic complex on Mars and in the Solar System. Young lava flows cover its surface (from the Amazonian period, less than 3 billion years ago) but its growth started during the Noachian era (more than 3.7 billion years ago). Its position has induced a reorientation of the planet with...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature17171
更新日期：2016-03-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Several microorganisms, including Yersinia sp., Salmonella sp., Brucella sp., Mycobacterium sp. and Leishmania sp., have successfully adapted to grow within macrophage phagolysosomes. Infections caused by these intracellular pathogens are among the most difficult to treat. As part of an antimicrobial strategy directed...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/322834a0
更新日期：1986-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase is a functionally complex, membrane-bound respiratory enzyme which catalyses both the reduction of O2 to water and proton-pumping. During respiration, an exogenous donor, cytochrome c, donates four electrons to O2 bound at the bimetallic haem alpha 3 Fe-Cu centre within the enzyme. The...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/338776a0
更新日期：1989-04-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Erythroid differentiation entails the biogenesis of a membrane skeleton, a network of proteins underlying and interacting with the plasma membrane, whose major constituent is the heterodimeric protein spectrin, composed of two structurally similar but distinct subunits, alpha (relative molecular mass (Mr) 240,000) and...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/321085a0
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With only a few exceptions that are well understood, conventional superconductivity does not coexist with long-range magnetic order (for example, ref. 1). Unconventional superconductivity, on the other hand, develops near a phase boundary separating magnetically ordered and magnetically disordered phases. A maximum in...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04571
更新日期：2006-03-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The direct functionalization of unactivated sp(3) C-H bonds is still one of the most challenging problems facing synthetic organic chemists. The appeal of such transformations derives from their capacity to facilitate the construction of complex organic molecules via the coupling of simple and otherwise inert building...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature14255
更新日期：2015-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:It is thought that in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is controlled by the dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the transverse tubular membrane, where it serves as the voltage sensor. We have shown previously that injection of an expression plasmid...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/346567a0
更新日期：1990-08-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The loose material--regolith--on the surfaces of asteroids is thought to represent ballistically emplaced ejecta from impacts but the identification of source craters and the detailed study of the regolith modification have been hampered by the limited spatial resolution and area coverage of the few asteroids imaged b...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35096513
更新日期：2001-09-27 00:00:00
abstract：:An amino acid sequence analysis of the N-terminal immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions (VH and VL) from 16 hybridoma proteins which bind phosphorylcholine as well as the complete sequence analysis of 9 of these VH regions is presented. There seem to be more VH regions participating in the phosphorylch...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/291029a0
更新日期：1981-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcification of the aortic valve is the third leading cause of heart disease in adults. The incidence increases with age, and it is often associated with a bicuspid aortic valve present in 1-2% of the population. Despite the frequency, neither the mechanisms of valve calcification nor the developmental origin of a tw...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03940
更新日期：2005-09-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals with congenital or acquired prolongation of the QT interval, or long QT syndrome (LQTS), are at risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. LQTS is commonly genetic in origin but can also be caused or exacerbated by environmental factors. A missense mutation in the L-type calcium channel Ca(V)1.2 lead...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09855
更新日期：2011-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/d41586-018-07209-z
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An unusual feature of the cerebellar cortex is that its output neurons, Purkinje cells, release GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). Their high intrinsic firing rates (50 Hz) and extensive convergence predict that their target neurons in the cerebellar nuclei would be largely inhibited unless Purkinje cells pause their spiking...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10732
更新日期：2011-12-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The ras proto-oncogene, found in all eukaryotes so far examined, encode s a protein with guanine nucleotide-binding and GTPase activity. Gene disruption experiments in yeast indicate that ras is essential for cell growth. Anit-sense mutagenesis approaches suggest that this is also true for Dictyostelium. Most mutation...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/323340a0
更新日期：1986-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:X-chromosome inactivation results in the strictly cis-limited inactivation of many but not all genes on one of the two X chromosomes during early development in somatic cells of mammalian females. One feature of virtually all models of X inactivation is the existence of an X-inactivation centre (XIC) required in cis f...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/349082a0
更新日期：1991-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Brevetoxin A is the most potent neurotoxin secreted by Gymnodinium breve Davis, a marine organism often associated with harmful algal blooms known as 'red tides'. The compound, whose mechanism of action involves binding to and opening of sodium channels, is sufficiently toxic to kill fish at concentrations of nanogram...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/32623
更新日期：1998-03-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The homotypic fusion of yeast vacuoles includes a 'docking' step, which we show here to consist of two sequential reactions: a reversible 'tethering' mediated by the GTPase Ypt7, and 'SNARE pairing', in which SNARE proteins from opposite membranes form a complex in trans. The function of this trans-SNARE complex must ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/25069
更新日期：1998-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Extinction from habitat loss is the signature conservation problem of the twenty-first century. Despite its importance, estimating extinction rates is still highly uncertain because no proven direct methods or reliable data exist for verifying extinctions. The most widely used indirect method is to estimate extinction...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09985
更新日期：2011-05-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The extensive literature on the origin of the ratites focuses mainly on three questions: are the ratites mono- or polyphyletic, did they evolve from flying ancestors, and are they primitive or advanced? Opinion tends to accept a common descent from flying ancestors for the large ratites (for a summary of ideas see ref...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/287084a0
更新日期：1980-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibin is a hypophysiotropic hormone which selectively suppresses the secretion of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone. It has been isolated from gonadal fluids and characterized as a protein heterodimer consisting of an alpha subunit and one of two beta subunits (beta A or beta B). FSH-releasing protein (FRP), al...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/330765a0
更新日期：1987-12-24 00:00:00
