Abstract:
:In this report we describe the cloning, organization, and promoter analysis of the Staphylococcus aureus thioredoxin (trxA) and thioredoxin reductase (trxB) genes and their transcription in response to changes in oxygen concentration and to oxidative stress compounds. Northern analysis showed that the S. aureus trxA and trxB genes were transcribed equally well in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Several oxidative stress compounds were found to rapidly induce transcription of the trxA and trxB genes. The most pronounced effects were seen with diamide, a thiol-specific oxidant that promotes disulfide bond formation; menadione, a redox cycling agent; and tau-butyl hydroperoxide, an organic peroxide. In each case the induction was independent of the general stress sigma factor sigma(B). These studies show that the S. aureus trxA and trxB genes are upregulated following exposure to these oxidative stress agents, resulting in increased disulfide bond formation. In contrast, no effect of hydrogen peroxide on induction of the trxA and trxB genes was seen. We also show that the S. aureus thioredoxin reductase appears to be essential for growth. This observation, coupled with structural differences between the bacterial and mammalian thioredoxin reductases, suggests that it may serve as a target for the development of new antimicrobials.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Uziel O,Borovok I,Schreiber R,Cohen G,Aharonowitz Ydoi
10.1128/jb.186.2.326-334.2004keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
326-34issue
2eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530journal_volume
186pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Hyphae of Aspergillus nidulans continued to synthesize all the major polysaccharide components of the cell wall when cycloheximide was added to cultures. In the presence of cycloheximide, hyphae did not elongate, but electron microscopy showed that the walls became thicker around the cell. The conclusion that cyclohex...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.114.2.819-823.1973
更新日期:1973-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shigella spp. are the major cause of bacillary dysentery worldwide. The pathogenic process involves bacterial invasion and lysis of the phagocytic vacuole, followed by replication and movement within the cell cytoplasm and, ultimately, spread directly into adjacent cells. This study demonstrates that S. flexneri cytoc...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.181.4.1229-1237.1999
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Escherichia coli K-12 mtr gene, which encodes a tryptophan-specific permease, was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The precise location of the mtr gene at 69 min on the E. coli chromosome was determined. The mtr gene product was identified as a 414-amino-acid residue protein with a calculated mo...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.173.13.4133-4143.1991
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lockart, Royce Z., Jr. (The University of Texas, Austin). Variations in the abilities of several lines of L cells to produce and to be affected by interferon. J. Bacteriol. 89:117-122. 1965.-The amounts of interferon produced by three different lines of L cells and mouse embryonic cells when inoculated with two strain...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.89.1.117-122.1965
更新日期:1965-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rebers, P. A. (Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, N. J.), E. Hurwitz, M. Heidelberger, and S. Estrada-Parra. Immunochemistry of the pneumococcal types II, V, and VI. III. Tests with derivatives of the specific polysaccharides of types II and VI. J. Bacteriol. 83:335-342. 1962.-The type-specific pneumococcal...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.83.2.335-342.1962
更新日期:1962-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Put3p and Gal4p transcriptional activators are members of a distinct class of fungal regulators called the Cys(6) Zn(II)(2) binuclear cluster family. This family includes over 50 different Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins that share a similar domain organization. Gal4p activates the genes of the galactose utiliza...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.182.13.3748-3753.2000
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The motility of Spirillum volutans is caused by the rotation of each polar flagellar fascicle in a direction opposite to that of the more slowly rotating cell. Both flagella form cones of revolution oriented in the same direction. When the cell reverses its motion, both fascicles simultaneously reverse their rotation ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.94.5.1431-1436.1967
更新日期:1967-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Escherichia coli K42 capsular polysaccharide consists of leads to 3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-GalUAp-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-L-Fucp-(1 leads to repeating units. The E. coli K42 and Klebsiella K63 antigens are serologically identical. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.133.1.390-391.1978
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of arsenite [As(III)] on several levels of cellular metabolism and gene regulation was examined in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa isogenic mutants devoid of antioxidant enzymes or defective in various metabolic pathways, DNA repair systems, metal storage proteins, global regulators, or quorum sensing...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.187.14.4853-4864.2005
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microorganisms that use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration play a central role in the global sulfur cycle. Here, we report the results of comparative sequence analysis of dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DSR) genes from closely and distantly related sulfate-reducing organisms to infer th...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.11.2975-2982.1998
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel of Escherichia coli endopeptidase was used for a selective partial hydrolysis of the peptide bridges which interlink the glycan chains in E. coli sacculi. The loosening of the murein network revealed, in the electron microscope, a preferential orientation of the glycan chains, more or less perpendicular to the...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.136.2.723-729.1978
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phs mutation, which causes a pleiotropic growth defect, has been mapped and shown to be an allele of rpoA, the gene for the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase. The mutation is shown to cause a transcription defect in the arabinose operon, araBAD. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.164.2.972-975.1985
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rates of synthesis of Aerobacter aerogenes nucleic acids were estimated during incubation of the bacteria in a Mg(++)-free medium. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesized during Mg(++) starvation, or in the preceding exponential growth, remained acid-precipitable for 2.5 hr before breaking down to acid-soluble pro...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.93.1.345-356.1967
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lactococcus lactis, a gram-positive organism widely used in the food industry, is a potential candidate for the secretion of biologically useful proteins. We examined the secretion efficiency and capacity of L. lactis by using the Staphylococcus aureus nuclease (Nuc) as a heterologous model protein. When expressed in ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.7.1895-1903.1998
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Undecyl acetate esterase has been purified from Pseudomonas cepacia grown on the methyl ketone, 2-tridecanone. The K(m) for undecyl acetate was 2.3 x 10(-2) M. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that two esterase bands were being recovered during purification. These bands were separated by preparative polyac...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.118.3.880-889.1974
更新日期:1974-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is caused by type A isolates carrying a chromosomal enterotoxin (cpe) gene (C-cpe), while C. perfringens-associated non-food-borne gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are caused by isolates carrying a plasmid-borne cpe gene (P-cpe). C. perfringens spores are thought to be the importan...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01748-07
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fec region of the Escherichia coli chromosome determines a citrate-dependent iron(III) transport system. The nucleotide sequence of fec revealed five genes, fecABCDE, which are transcribed from fecA to fecE. The fecA gene encodes a previously described outer membrane receptor protein. The fecB gene product is form...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.171.5.2626-2633.1989
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoinduction is a conserved mechanism of cell density-dependent gene regulation that occurs in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. Autoinducible luminescence in Vibrio fischeri requires a transcriptional activator, LuxR, while a LuxR homolog, LasR, activates elastase expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both LuxR a...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.176.10.3076-3080.1994
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Escherichia coli purine repressor, PurR, binds to a 16-bp operator sequence and coregulates the genes for de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, formation of a one-carbon unit for biosynthesis, and deamination of cytosine. We have characterized the purified repressor. Chemical cross-linking indica...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.174.19.6207-6214.1992
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genes encoding the rrn operons, the 4.5S and 6S RNAs, elements of protein secretion, and outer membrane proteins F and I, and regulatory as well as structural genes for exotoxin A, alkaline phosphatase, and alginate and tryptophan biosynthesis, were assigned on the SpeI/DpnI macrorestriction map of the Pseudomonas...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.174.1.327-330.1992
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When Azotobacter vinelandii was derepressed for nitrogenase synthesis in a N-free medium containing tungstate instead of molybdate, an inactive component I was synthesized. Although this inactive component I could be activated in vivo upon addition of molybdate to the medium, it could not be activated in vitro when mo...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.120.2.697-701.1974
更新日期:1974-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seligman, Stephen J. (University of California, Los Angeles) and William L. Hewitt. Kinetics of the action of ampicillin on Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 85:1160-1164. 1963.-The curve of the number of viable Escherichia coli after exposure to ampicillin can be divided into three phases: a lag phase, a rapid bacteric...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.85.5.1160-1164.1963
更新日期:1963-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius strain Tc-4-1 was initially isolated from a hot spring in Tengchong, China. This organism is both thermophilic and acidophilic. It can produce heat- and acid-stable enzymes, such as amylase and esterase, which may be important in industry. Here we report the whole genome sequence of the...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.05709-11
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flagellar phase variation of Salmonella is a phenomenon where two flagellin genes, fliC (phase 1) and fljB (phase 2), are expressed alternately. This is controlled by the inversion of a DNA segment containing the promoter for the fljB gene. The fljB gene constitutes an operon with the fljA gene, which encodes a negati...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.188.3.958-967.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse-virulent Salmonella typhimurium strains SR-11 and ATCC 14028-1s express curli fibers, thin aggregative fibers, at ambient temperature on plates as judged by Western blot analysis and electron microscopy. Concomitantly with curli expression, cells develop a rough and dry colony morphology and bind the dye Congo r...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.3.722-731.1998
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) degrades 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB) by using two not completely isofunctional, pJP4-encoded chlorocatechol degradation gene clusters, tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II). Introduction of several copies of each gene cluster into R. eutropha JMP222, which lacks pJP4 and thus accu...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.5.1534-1542.2003
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell walls of selected bacteria were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis to determine and characterize crystalline components. The walls were isolated by mechanical disruption and purified by enzymatic and washing procedures. The X-ray diffraction lines which appeared from the gram-positive cell walls were shown...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.93.1.122-124.1967
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A population of Bacillus subtilis can be fractionated into at least two components on the basis of their buoyant densities on a Renografin gradient. In competent cultures, most, and perhaps all, of the competent bacteria appear in the lighter fraction which composes 2 to 10% of the bulk population. These "lighter" bac...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.95.3.867-875.1968
更新日期:1968-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation (phosphorylation) of the transcription factor encoded by spo0A is essential for the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. At least three histidine protein kinases are involved in the phosphorylation of Spo0A. Under some growth conditions, KinA was the primary kinase, but under other conditions, Ki...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.177.3.861-863.1995
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of adding hemin to anaerobically grown cells of a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis, which was heme-deficient due to anaerobic growth, has been examined. Cells grown anaerobically in media containing hemin exhibited a marked increase in several oxidative activities as compared with cells grown anaerobica...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.93.1.278-285.1967
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00