Abstract:
:HIV-1 RNA has become the standard for monitoring antiretroviral therapies. Dogma predicts, however, that a viral protein like p24 should be at least as good a marker of HIV disease activity, provided that it is measured with sufficient sensitivity and accuracy. Simple modifications including use of a more efficient virus lysis buffer, heat-mediated destruction of antibodies interfering with antigen detection, and tyramide signal amplification for increased sensitivity have highly improved the HIV-1 p24 antigen assay. The p24 antigen assay is inferior to RT-PCR in detecting viral particles, but the presence of extraviral p24 antigen in most samples makes largely up for this. p24 antigen testing is similarly sensitive and specific in diagnosing pediatric HIV infection, in predicting CD4+ T cell decline and clinical progression at early and late stage of infection, and suitable for antiretroviral treatment monitoring in both adults and children. Notably, p24 antigen was measurable even in patients with stably suppressed viremia, and its concentrations were correlated negatively with the concentrations of CD4+ T cells and positively with the concentrations of activated CD8+ T cell subsets. p24 antigen is an excellent marker of HIV expression and disease activity and can be used in the same fields of application as HIV RNA is used. The test is validated for subtype B, but requires further studies for non-B subtypes.
journal_name
Int Arch Allergy Immunoljournal_title
International archives of allergy and immunologyauthors
Schüpbach Jdoi
10.1159/000074552keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-11-01 00:00:00pages
196-209issue
3eissn
1018-2438issn
1423-0097pii
74552journal_volume
132pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the mainstay therapy in human immune deficiency states characterized by qualitative and quantitative reductions in B cells. In addition, however, there is widespread use of IVIG in a number of other areas, including neuroimmunologic, infectious, dermatologic, hematologic,...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000093204
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease, which is characterized by airway damage and remodeling. All triggers of asthma, such as allergens, bacteria, viruses, and pollutants, interact with the airway epithelial cells, which drive the airway inflammatory response through the release of cytokines, particularl...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000486314
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum antibodies reactive with streptococcal cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) and its peptide subunit (synthetic tetra-D-alanine) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), osteoarthritis and acute rheumatic fever (RF) compare...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000236137
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The precise roles of T helper (Th)1-type and Th2-type cytokine responses in nickel (Ni)-induced allergic contact dermatitis have not yet been clearly defined. We investigated the involvement of Th2 cytokines in Ni-induced contact hypersensitivity reaction using GATA-3 transgenic (Tg) mice. METHODS:A Ni-tita...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000314372
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD40 is a surface antigen expressed on B cells. The CD40 ligand (CD40L) is expressed on activated T cells. Interaction between CD40 and CD40L is critical for proliferation and isotype switching in the context of a response to a T-cell-dependent antigen. Patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGMX-1) in their CD40...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000236923
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study concerned the way in which eosinophils adhere to their surroundings. Many fibrils were seen to adhere to the cell membrane of eosinophils migrating into the submucosa. Those eosinophils migrating into the epithelial layer adhered to the epithelial cells in 2 different ways: through the thin filaments bridgi...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000237199
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Th17 is a subset of T-helper lymphocytes that produce proinflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-17. Serum IL-17 is increased in allergic patients and relates to clinical severity. Recently, it has been reported that CD161 is a highly upregulated gene in Th17 clones and all IL-17-producing cells are contained in C...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000330903
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Galectin-9 was recently identified as a ligand for Tim-3, which negatively regulates Th1 cells. Here, we investigated whether administration of anti-galectin-9 antibodies (Abs) affects the development of murine experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EC), a Th2-mediated disease. METHODS:EC was induced in BALB...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000112501
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated whether c-myc and ras P-21 oncogene expression could identify familial polyposis coli/Gardner's syndrome patients at risk for colon cancer. Monoclonal antibodies recognizing c-myc and ras P-21 proteins were used in immunohistochemistry to stain 26 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens collected over 12 years...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000237351
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dietary intake of wheat causes hypersensitivity reactions in patients suffering from IgE-mediated food allergy and coeliac disease. AIM:To study the expression of IgE- and IgA-reactive antigens during wheat seed maturation and in different wheat cultivars. METHODS:Summer wheat was grown in a glasshouse and...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000199713
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In some subjects, specific foods trigger anaphylaxis when exercise follows ingestion (specific food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, FDEIAn). Skin test and/or RAST positivity to foods suggest an IgE-mediated pathogenic mechanism. Others suffer from anaphylaxis after all meals followed by exercise, reg...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000053825
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the importance of cytokines in the regulation of allergic inflammation, we investigated the effects of SCF, IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF on immunological histamine release from sensitized human lung fragments as well as human leukocytes. SCF (0.2-20 ng/ml) caused a concentration-related enhancement of anti-IgE (1/...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000236798
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nasal polyps are a common health problem that can significantly impact the quality of life. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the impact of allergy and peripheral eosinophils (EOS) on the morbidity of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in Northwest China. METHODS:A retrospective cohort of 323 patients wh...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000497384
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of ibudilast on anaphylactic bronchoconstriction was studied in guinea pigs sensitized actively with ovalbumin (OA). Animals were treated with indomethacin, tripelennamine and propranolol prior to the antigen challenge. Anaphylactic bronchoconstriction was prevented by ibudilast (1-4 mg/kg i.v. and 5-20 mg/...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000236460
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibody 2F5 recognizing the ELDKWA epitope on HIV-1 gp41 has a significant neutralization potency against 90% of the investigated viruses of African, Asian, American, and European strains, but the antibody responses to the epitope 2F5 in HIV-1-infected individuals were very low. We attempted to induce high...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000024411
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In vivo, all blood vessels are lined by a single layer of flattened noncycling endothelial cells. We tested the hypothesis that the maintenance of such a quiescent endothelial monolayer depends on homotypic contacts between not yet defined growth-inhibitory molecules located at interendothelial junctions. M...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000024273
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibroblast-derived growth factors like SCF are able to upregulate the expression of mast cell characteristics in human multilineage hematopoietic progenitor cells. Other factors, like GM-CSF, have been reported to inhibit this process, probably by the competitive recruitment of cells not belonging to the mast cell lin...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000237574
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased serum IgE and enhanced susceptibility to viral infections, decreased levels of interferons, lymphocytic skin infiltrates and IgE-bearing epidermal Langerhans cells are striking features in patients with atopic eczema (AE). Since the hyper-IgE syndrome is known to improve under alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) th...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000236494
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pre-clinical and clinical studies have evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in allergy. However, predictive in vitro systems for rational strain selection are still missing. METHODS:We developed a novel in vitro screening system for the characterization of probiotics with anti-allergic potential. In this mo...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000343703
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Specific immunotherapy for respiratory allergy, a seasonal disease, significantly reduces the inflammatory process, attenuating the clinical symptoms. The mechanism for the clinical beneficial effect of immunotherapy has not yet been clarified. Melatonin shows a circadian and seasonal variation and together ...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000049498
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fusion proteins assembling multiple allergens can be engineered by recombinant DNA technologies in order to produce tools for diagnostic and immunotherapeutic purposes. Herein, we developed and characterized chimeras assembling Der p 1 and Der p 2 allergens as potential candidate vaccines against house dust ...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000312631
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have demonstrated that pulmonary surfactant protein (SP)-A plays a potential role in modifying inflammation and immune function. To see whether SP-A could modify IL-8 production and release by eosinophils stimulated with ionomycin, SP-A purified from surfactant recovered from patients with alveolar prot...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000053574
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A new lateral flow test (LFT) for office use provides information about sensitisation to common allergens. Concordance between LFT and skin-prick test (SPT) has not been assessed in epidemiological studies. The aim of this study is to determine LFT-SPT concordance in this field. METHODS:Plasma samples (n = ...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000288291
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A role of bacterial superantigens in several chronic inflammatory diseases has previously been proposed. Many of these diseases are associated with an imbalance of the T helper cell subsets and their cytokine production. METHODS:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors were incubated with vari...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000024320
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Both oral and intravenous inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and PDE4 have been shown to have bronchodilator and/or pulmonary antiallergic effects but their adverse effects limit the clinical use. The purpose of the present study was to assess the bronchoprotective effect of intrabronc...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000023948
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has been reported that protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for cytokine production in mouse Th1 cells but not in Th2 cells. However, little is known about the difference of signal transduction between human antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 cell clones. METHODS:Purified protein derivative-specific T...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000024028
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorhexidine is a commonly used antiseptic and disinfectant in the health-care setting. Its usage has increased in recent years with intensive campaigns and infection control guidelines to combat hospital-acquired infections. As a result, patients and health-care workers (HCW) are exposed to increasing chlorhexidine ...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000431358
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To elucidate the usefulness of antigen-specific immunotherapy based on oral vaccination with an edible part of the plant, we examined the effect of transgenic (Tg) rice seeds expressing an immunodominant fragment of the group 1 antigen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1) on a murine model of asthma. ...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000210649
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last 40 years, the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of humans and animals have been the subject of exciting discoveries and also of passionate controversies. Although the human forms of these diseases are rare, the recent epidemics of bovine spongiform encephalopathy has most dramatical...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000237273
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The high-affinity IgE receptor, FcepsilonRI, is unresponsive on mast cells and basophils from people in several populations through an unknown mechanism. Similarly, FcepsilonRI-positive basophils from 'nonreleasers' are IgE-unresponsive and are deficient in the tyrosine kinase Syk. OBJECTIVE:To test the hyp...
journal_title:International archives of allergy and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000087355
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00