Abstract:
:Water striders Gerridae are insects of characteristic length 1 cm and weight 10 dynes that reside on the surface of ponds, rivers, and the open ocean. Their weight is supported by the surface tension force generated by curvature of the free surface, and they propel themselves by driving their central pair of hydrophobic legs in a sculling motion. Previous investigators have assumed that the hydrodynamic propulsion of the water strider relies on momentum transfer by surface waves. This assumption leads to Denny's paradox: infant water striders, whose legs are too slow to generate waves, should be incapable of propelling themselves along the surface. We here resolve this paradox through reporting the results of high-speed video and particle-tracking studies. Experiments reveal that the strider transfers momentum to the underlying fluid not primarily through capillary waves, but rather through hemispherical vortices shed by its driving legs. This insight guided us in constructing a self-contained mechanical water strider whose means of propulsion is analogous to that of its natural counterpart.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Hu DL,Chan B,Bush JWdoi
10.1038/nature01793keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-08-07 00:00:00pages
663-6issue
6949eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature01793journal_volume
424pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Defining the functional relationships between proteins is critical for understanding virtually all aspects of cell biology. Large-scale identification of protein complexes has provided one important step towards this goal; however, even knowledge of the stoichiometry, affinity and lifetime of every protein-protein int...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05649
更新日期:2007-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Retinoic acid is a vitamin A derivative with striking effects on development and cell differentiation. Several nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), acting as ligand-inducible transcription factors, have been characterized and indirect evidence suggests that they have distinct roles. One of the most intriguing prope...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/347558a0
更新日期:1990-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Elongation factor Tu is present in a fourfold excess over the amount seemingly involved in protein synthesis. It is identical to a major protein which we have found associated with the plasma membrane. The possibility of a specific role in that location is considered. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/261023a0
更新日期:1976-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, expel toxic chemicals through tripartite efflux pumps that span both the inner and outer membrane. The three parts are an inner membrane, substrate-binding transporter; a membrane fusion protein; and an outer-membrane-anchored channel. The fusion protein connects the t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09743
更新日期:2011-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Global efforts to mitigate climate change are guided by projections of future temperatures. But the eventual equilibrium global mean temperature associated with a given stabilization level of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations remains uncertain, complicating the setting of stabilization targets to avoid potenti...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08019
更新日期:2009-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::When chemical reactions whose rate increases with the concentration of a product species are carried out in imperfectly mixed systems, a variety of complex behaviours can occur. These phenomena, which have relevance for biological processes as well, include chaotic and stochastic behaviour and selection of one final s...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/374321a0
更新日期:1995-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons expressing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), found in the septal-preoptic nuclei and hypothalamus, control the release of gonadotropic hormones from the anterior pituitary gland and facilitate reproductive behaviour. LHRH-expressing neurons are also found in the nervus terminalis, a cranial nerve t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/338161a0
更新日期:1989-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::The sequencing of ancient DNA has enabled the reconstruction of speciation, migration and admixture events for extinct taxa1. However, the irreversible post-mortem degradation2 of ancient DNA has so far limited its recovery-outside permafrost areas-to specimens that are not older than approximately 0.5 million years (...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1555-y
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is compelling evidence that sleep contributes to the long-term consolidation of new memories. This function of sleep has been linked to slow (<1 Hz) potential oscillations, which predominantly arise from the prefrontal neocortex and characterize slow wave sleep. However, oscillations in brain potentials are comm...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05278
更新日期:2006-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::The neural crest, a source of many different cell types in vertebrate embryos, has not been identified in other chordates. Current opinion therefore holds that neural crest cells were a vertebrate innovation. Here we describe a migratory cell population resembling neural crest cells in the ascidian urochordate Ecteina...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02975
更新日期:2004-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::Learning through trial-and-error interactions allows animals to adapt innate behavioural ‘rules of thumb’ to the local environment, improving their prospects for survival and reproduction. Naive Drosophila melanogaster males, for example, court both virgin and mated females, but learn through experience to selectively...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11345
更新日期:2012-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::Techniques to facilitate controlled interactions between single photons and atoms are now being actively explored. These techniques are important for the practical realization of quantum networks, in which multiple memory nodes that utilize atoms for generation, storage and processing of quantum states are connected b...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04327
更新日期:2005-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::The biochemical and morphological differentiation of actinomycetes makes them academically and economically interesting. Their secondary metabolites provide the majority of medically and agriculturally important antibiotics (streptomycete genes may also be the primary source of clinically important antibiotic resistan...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/286525a0
更新日期:1980-07-31 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07480-0
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Geochemical and sedimentological evidence suggest that the rapid climate warming oscillations of the last ice age, the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, were coupled to fluctuations in North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation through its regulation of poleward heat flux. The balance between cold meltwater from the n...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05121
更新日期:2006-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::A crucial part of the innate immune response is the assembly of the inflammasome, a cytosolic complex of proteins that activates caspase-1 to process the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18. The adaptor protein ASC is essential for inflammasome function, binding directly to caspase-1 (refs 3, 4)...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04515
更新日期:2006-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::The debate over human origins has focused on two competing theories. The single African origin model holds that anatomically modern Homo sapiens evolved in Africa 100,000-200,000 years ago. Members of this population migrated out of Africa, replacing archaic human groups through Asia and Europe, with racial differenti...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/368452a0
更新日期:1994-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The Redfield ratio of 106 carbon:16 nitrogen:1 phosphorus in marine phytoplankton is one of the foundations of ocean biogeochemistry, with applications in algal physiology, palaeoclimatology and global climate change. However, this ratio varies substantially in response to changes in algal nutrient status and taxonomi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03125
更新日期:2004-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::For many decades comparative analyses of protein sequences and structures have been used to investigate fundamental principles of molecular evolution. In contrast, relatively little is known about the long-term evolution of species' phenotypic and genetic properties. This represents an important gap in our understandi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13827
更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Brosnan and de Waal report that capuchin monkeys show evidence of a sense of fairness or 'inequity aversion' because they rejected a less preferred reward when they saw a partner monkey receive a preferred reward for the same task. However, this does not show that monkeys are averse to inequity, only that they reject ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/428140a
更新日期:2004-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::In this Review, the middle initial of author Kim M. Cobb was omitted. The original Review has been corrected online. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0994-9
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activation of T cells through interaction of their T-cell receptors with antigenic peptide bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs) is a crucial step in adaptive immunity. Here we use three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy to visualize individual peptide-...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01076
更新日期:2002-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Close inbreeding is known for a variety of small mammal species for which a high probability of mortality during dispersal makes helping and delayed maturation a relatively secure fitness option. Prolonged inbreeding, however, is usually associated with lowered fitness, and it has been shown that most highly inbred sm...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/380619a0
更新日期:1996-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::Metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAB) are involved in the modulation of synaptic responses in the central nervous system and have been implicated in neuropsychological conditions that range from addiction to psychosis1. GABAB belongs to class C of the G-protein-coupled receptors, and its functional entity...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2408-4
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visible-light absorption and transport of the resultant electronic excitations to a reaction centre through Förster resonance energy transfer1-3 (FRET) are critical to the operation of biological light-harvesting systems4, and are used in various artificial systems made of synthetic dyes5, polymers6 or nanodots7,8. Th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03081-y
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The key behavioural, physiological and anatomical components of a magnetite-based magnetic sense have been demonstrated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Candidate receptor cells located within a discrete sub-layer of the olfactory lamellae contained iron-rich crystals that were similar in size and shape to magn...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35018561
更新日期:2000-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Methyl chloride is the largest natural source of ozone-depleting chlorine compounds, and accounts for about 15 per cent of the present atmospheric chlorine content. This contribution was likely to have been relatively greater in pre-industrial times, when additional anthropogenic sources-such as chlorofluorocarbons-we...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/416163a
更新日期:2002-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::The most recent Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, which was unprecedented in the number of cases and fatalities, geographic distribution, and number of nations affected, highlights the need for safe, effective, and readily available antiviral agents for treatment and prevention of acute Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature17180
更新日期:2016-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes human schistosomiasis, which is a significant cause of morbidity in China and the Philippines. Here we present a draft genomic sequence for the worm. The genome provides a global insight into the molecular architecture and host interaction of this complex metaz...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08140
更新日期:2009-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian microbiome has many important roles in health and disease, and genetic engineering is enabling the development of microbial therapeutics and diagnostics. A key determinant of the activity of both natural and engineered microorganisms in vivo is their location within the host organism. However, existing m...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature25021
更新日期:2018-01-03 00:00:00