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NATURE文献大全abstract::Human epithelia are permanently challenged by bacteria and fungi, including commensal and pathogenic microbiota. In the gut, the fraction of strict anaerobes increases from proximal to distal, reaching 99% of bacterial species in the colon. At colonic mucosa, oxygen partial pressure is below 25% of airborne oxygen con...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09674
更新日期:2011-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Transparent electronic devices formed on flexible substrates are expected to meet emerging technological demands where silicon-based electronics cannot provide a solution. Examples of active flexible applications include paper displays and wearable computers. So far, mainly flexible devices based on hydrogenated amorp...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03090
更新日期:2004-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::A main limitation of therapies that selectively target kinase signalling pathways is the emergence of secondary drug resistance. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that binds the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is effective in a subset of KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancers. Aft...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11156
更新日期:2012-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) are innate immune effector molecules that are thought to confer antiviral defence through disruption of protein-protein interactions in the host translation-initiation machinery. However, it was recently discovered that IFITs can directly recognize vir...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11783
更新日期:2013-02-07 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07283-3
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global efforts to mitigate climate change are guided by projections of future temperatures. But the eventual equilibrium global mean temperature associated with a given stabilization level of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations remains uncertain, complicating the setting of stabilization targets to avoid potenti...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08019
更新日期:2009-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::During development, cells interpret complex and often conflicting signals to make optimal decisions. Plant stomata, the cellular interface between a plant and the atmosphere, develop according to positional cues, which include a family of secreted peptides called epidermal patterning factors (EPFs). How these signalli...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14561
更新日期:2015-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon chemistry exhibits a rich variety in bonding patterns, with homo- or heteronuclear multiple bonds involving sp-hybridized carbon atoms as found in molecules such as acetylenes, nitriles, allenes and carbon dioxide. Carbon's heavier homologues in group 14 of the periodic table--including silicon, germanium and t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01380
更新日期:2003-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::The axial coupling of the nucleon, gA, is the strength of its coupling to the weak axial current of the standard model of particle physics, in much the same way as the electric charge is the strength of the coupling to the electromagnetic current. This axial coupling dictates the rate at which neutrons decay to proton...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0161-8
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-harmonic generation is a well-known method of producing coherent extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) light, with photon energies up to about 0.5 keV (refs 1, 2). This is achieved by focusing a femtosecond laser into a gas, and high harmonics of the fundamental laser frequency are radiated in the forward direction. However,...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01222
更新日期:2003-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::When electrons are subject to a large external magnetic field, the conventional charge quantum Hall effect dictates that an electronic excitation gap is generated in the sample bulk, but metallic conduction is permitted at the boundary. Recent theoretical models suggest that certain bulk insulators with large spin-orb...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06843
更新日期:2008-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00219-5
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is possible to infer aspects of an organism's lifestyle from its gene content. Can the reverse also be done? Here we consider this issue by modelling evolution of the reduced genomes of endosymbiotic bacteria. The diversity of gene content in these bacteria may reflect both variation in selective forces and conting...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04568
更新日期:2006-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) elicit the transcriptional activation of a large number of immediate early genes (many of which encode transcription factors), and ultimately DNA synthesis. Both AP1 and Myc are activated in fibroblasts in response to growth factor stimulation, and various e...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/378509a0
更新日期:1995-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an early-onset developmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction and restrictive or repetitive behaviours1,2. Family studies demonstrate that ASD has a substantial genetic basis with contributions both from inherited and de novo variants3,4. It h...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03078-7
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Through their functional diversification, distinct lineages of CD4(+) T cells can act to either drive or constrain immune-mediated pathology. Transcription factors are critical in the generation of cellular diversity, and negative regulators antagonistic to alternate fates often act in conjunction with positive regula...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12199
更新日期:2013-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Mice express a collection of superantigens, which bind to class II major histocompatibility proteins and interact with T cells bearing particular V beta chains as part of their alpha beta receptors. These superantigens have been suggested to be encoded by exogenous or endogenous mouse mammary tumour viruses. One such ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/350203a0
更新日期:1991-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::Exchange dynamics between molecules free in solution and bound to the surface of a large supramolecular structure, a polymer, a membrane or solid support are important in many phenomena in biology and materials science. Here we present a novel and generally applicable solution NMR technique, known as dark-state exchan...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10577
更新日期:2011-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a mitogenically active polypeptide hormone produced by acutely proliferating neoplastic and embryonic tissues. Molecular cloning of TGF-alpha cDNA from human and rat has indicated that this factor is synthesized as part of a larger precursor, proTGF-alpha. An intriguing ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/326883a0
更新日期:1987-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past 50 years there has been much speculation about the energetic cost of swimming and wave-riding by dolphins. When aligned properly in front of the bow of moving ships in the stern wake of small boats, on wind waves, and even in the wake of larger cetaceans, the animals appear to move effortlessly through t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/355821a0
更新日期:1992-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::In information processing, as in physics, our classical world view provides an incomplete approximation to an underlying quantum reality. Quantum effects like interference and entanglement play no direct role in conventional information processing, but they can--in principle now, but probably eventually in practice--b...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35005001
更新日期:2000-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Several systems, including contractile tail bacteriophages, the type VI secretion system and R-type pyocins, use a multiprotein tubular apparatus to attach to and penetrate host cell membranes. This macromolecular machine resembles a stretched, coiled spring (or sheath) wound around a rigid tube with a spike-shaped pr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature17971
更新日期:2016-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of the immune system to eliminate and shape the immunogenicity of tumours defines the process of cancer immunoediting1. Immunotherapies such as those that target immune checkpoint molecules can be used to augment immune-mediated elimination of tumours and have resulted in durable responses in patients with...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1671-8
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The terrestrial sediment record indicates that the Earth's climate varied drastically in the Precambrian era (before 550 million years ago), ranging from surface temperatures similar to or higher than today's to global glaciation events. The most continuous record of sea surface temperatures of that time has been deri...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05239
更新日期:2006-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::The extent to which an organism is selected to invest in defences against pathogens and parasites depends on the advantages that ensue should infection occur, but also on the costs of maintaining defences in the absence of infection. The presence of heritable variation in resistance suggests that costs exist, but we k...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/38483
更新日期:1997-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) differs from most other salmonellae in that it causes a life-threatening systemic infection known as typhoid fever. The molecular bases for its unique clinical presentation are unknown. Here we find that the systemic administration of typhoid toxin, a unique virulence facto...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12377
更新日期:2013-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::A cholecystokinin (CCK)-inactivating peptidase was purified and identified as a membrane-bound isoform of tripeptidyl peptidase II (EC 3.4.14.10), a cytosolic subtilisin-like peptidase of previously unknown functions. The peptidase was found in neurons responding to cholecystokinin, as well as in non-neuronal cells. B...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/380403a0
更新日期:1996-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::Although phytoalexins have long been inferred to be important in the defence of plants against fungal infection, there are few reports showing that they provide resistance to infection. Several plants, including grapevine, synthesize the stilbene-type phytoalexin resveratrol when attacked by pathogens. Stilbenes with ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/361153a0
更新日期:1993-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Mutants of cdc2+ can disrupt the dependency of S phase on completion of the previous mitosis. By changing the state of p34cdc2 it is possible to reprogramme a cell from entering mitosis to undergoing S phase. This leads to the proposal that the cell cycle can be considered a p34cdc2 cycle, and has implications for the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/349388a0
更新日期:1991-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The high-resolution seismic imaging of subducted oceanic slabs has become a powerful tool for reconstructing palaeogeography. The images can now be interpreted quantitatively by comparison with models of the general circulation of the Earth's mantle. Here we use a three-dimensional spherical computer model of mantle c...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35012586
更新日期:2000-05-18 00:00:00