Matrix correlation tests support a single origin for modern humans.

abstract：:A relationship between convergent margin magmas and copper-gold ore mineralization has long been recognized. The nature of the genetic link is controversial, particularly whether the link is due to high-oxygen-fugacity (fO2) melts and fluids released from subducted slabs or to brine exsolution during magmatic evolutio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sun W,Arculus RJ,Kamenetsky VS,Binns RA

更新日期：2004-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains are the least understood tectonic feature on Earth, because they are completely hidden beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Their high elevation and youthful Alpine topography, combined with their location on the East Antarctic craton, creates a paradox that has puzzled researchers...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ferraccioli F,Finn CA,Jordan TA,Bell RE,Anderson LM,Damaske D

更新日期：2011-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:For many decades comparative analyses of protein sequences and structures have been used to investigate fundamental principles of molecular evolution. In contrast, relatively little is known about the long-term evolution of species' phenotypic and genetic properties. This represents an important gap in our understandi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Plata G,Henry CS,Vitkup D

更新日期：2015-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has a key role in the antigen-specific clonal growth of T lymphocytes, by virtue of its interaction with a specific cell-surface receptor (IL-2R). The growth signal seems to be delivered by IL-2 bound to the high-affinity, but not the low-affinity, receptor. Genes encoding IL-2 and its receptor (t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hatakeyama M,Minamoto S,Uchiyama T,Hardy RR,Yamada G,Taniguchi T

更新日期：1985-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein structures are stabilized by hydrophobic and van der Waals forces, and by hydrogen bonds. The relation between these thermodynamic quantities and the actual three-dimensional structure of proteins can not be calculated precisely. However, certain empirical relations have been discovered. Hydrophobic energy is ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miller S,Lesk AM,Janin J,Chothia C

更新日期：1987-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:CRISPR-Cas genome-editing nucleases hold substantial promise for developing human therapeutic applications1-6 but identifying unwanted off-target mutations is important for clinical translation7. A well-validated method that can reliably identify off-targets in vivo has not been described to date, which means it is cu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Akcakaya P,Bobbin ML,Guo JA,Malagon-Lopez J,Clement K,Garcia SP,Fellows MD,Porritt MJ,Firth MA,Carreras A,Baccega T,Seeliger F,Bjursell M,Tsai SQ,Nguyen NT,Nitsch R,Mayr LM,Pinello L,Bohlooly-Y M,Aryee MJ,Maresca

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We often face alternatives that we are free to choose between. Planning movements to select an alternative involves several areas in frontal and parietal cortex that are anatomically connected into long-range circuits. These areas must coordinate their activity to select a common movement goal, but how neural circuits...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pesaran B,Nelson MJ,Andersen RA

更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The signal recognition particle (SRP) consists of one RNA and six protein subunits. The N-terminal domain of the 54K subunit contains a putative GTP-binding site, whereas the C-terminal domain binds signal sequences and SRP RNA. Binding of SRP to the signal sequence as it emerges from the ribosome creates a cytosolic ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miller JD,Wilhelm H,Gierasch L,Gilmore R,Walter P

更新日期：1993-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin is the primary hormone involved in glucose homeostasis, and impairment of insulin action and/or secretion has a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Type-II SH2-domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase, or 'SHIP2', is a member of the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase family. In vitro stud...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clément S,Krause U,Desmedt F,Tanti JF,Behrends J,Pesesse X,Sasaki T,Penninger J,Doherty M,Malaisse W,Dumont JE,Le Marchand-Brustel Y,Erneux C,Hue L,Schurmans S

更新日期：2001-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The current need for novel antibiotics is especially acute for drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens1,2. These microorganisms have a highly restrictive permeability barrier, which limits the penetration of most compounds3,4. As a result, the last class of antibiotics that acted against Gram-negative bacteria was deve...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Imai Y,Meyer KJ,Iinishi A,Favre-Godal Q,Green R,Manuse S,Caboni M,Mori M,Niles S,Ghiglieri M,Honrao C,Ma X,Guo JJ,Makriyannis A,Linares-Otoya L,Böhringer N,Wuisan ZG,Kaur H,Wu R,Mateus A,Typas A,Savitski MM,Es

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Magnetars are neutron stars with X-ray and soft γ-ray outbursts thought to be powered by intense internal magnetic fields. Like conventional neutron stars in the form of radio pulsars, magnetars exhibit 'glitches' during which angular momentum is believed to be transferred between the solid outer crust and the superfl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Archibald RF,Kaspi VM,Ng CY,Gourgouliatos KN,Tsang D,Scholz P,Beardmore AP,Gehrels N,Kennea JA

更新日期：2013-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Brood parasitism, where a brood of the parasitic species is fostered by the parents of another species, is well known among birds. In most cases, such offspring show a complete reliance upon their host parents for food, protection and warmth until their independence. In other vertebrate groups, however, such total dep...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sato T

更新日期：1986-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive and frequently chemoresistant cancer, the incidence of which continues to rise. Epidemiological studies show that the major aetiological melanoma risk factor is ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation, with the highest risk associated with intermittent burning doses, especi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zaidi MR,Davis S,Noonan FP,Graff-Cherry C,Hawley TS,Walker RL,Feigenbaum L,Fuchs E,Lyakh L,Young HA,Hornyak TJ,Arnheiter H,Trinchieri G,Meltzer PS,De Fabo EC,Merlino G

更新日期：2011-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Occupancy of the T-cell antigen receptor is insufficient to induce T-cell activation optimally; a second co-stimulatory signal is required. Exposure of T-cell clones to complexes of antigen with major histocompatibility complex molecules in the absence of the co-stimulatory signal induces a state of clonal anergy. Thi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Harding FA,McArthur JG,Gross JA,Raulet DH,Allison JP

更新日期：1992-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a dipeptidyl carboxy-peptidase that generates the vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin II and inactivates the vasodilating peptide bradykinin. The gene encoding ACE is composed of two homologous regions and codes for both a somatic and testis isoenzyme. Experiments with hypertens...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krege JH,John SW,Langenbach LL,Hodgin JB,Hagaman JR,Bachman ES,Jennette JC,O'Brien DA,Smithies O

更新日期：1995-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of Arg-vasopressin (AVP) prolongs retention of a learned behaviour and elevates arterial blood pressure. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of a thousandfold lower dose of AVP than needed with s.c. injection produces the same behavioural effect, suggesting that AVP acts on th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Södersten P,Henning M,Melin P,Ludin S

更新日期：1983-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), as purified from fresh human platelets, is a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 30,000 composed of two disulphide-linked subunit chains of similar size, named A and B (ref. 1). The dimer structure of PDGRF seems to be important for its biological effects, as reduction irreve...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Heldin CH,Johnsson A,Wennergren S,Wernstedt C,Betsholtz C,Westermark B

更新日期：1986-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Living cells regulate the activity of their ion channels through a process known as gating. To open the pore, protein conformational changes must occur within a channel's membrane-spanning ion pathway. KcsA and MthK, closed and opened K(+) channels, respectively, reveal how such gating transitions occur. Pore-lining '...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jiang Y,Lee A,Chen J,Cadene M,Chait BT,MacKinnon R

更新日期：2002-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We have obtained evidence that poliovirus and other picornavirus particles are specifically modified by having myristic acid covalently bound to a capsid protein. The electron density map of poliovirus confirms the position of the myristate molecule and defines its location in the virus particle. Analogies with other ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chow M,Newman JF,Filman D,Hogle JM,Rowlands DJ,Brown F

更新日期：1987-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The TGFβ pathway has essential roles in embryonic development, organ homeostasis, tissue repair and disease. These diverse effects are mediated through the intracellular effectors SMAD2 and SMAD3 (hereafter SMAD2/3), whose canonical function is to control the activity of target genes by interacting with transcriptiona...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bertero A,Brown S,Madrigal P,Osnato A,Ortmann D,Yiangou L,Kadiwala J,Hubner NC,de Los Mozos IR,Sadée C,Lenaerts AS,Nakanoh S,Grandy R,Farnell E,Ule J,Stunnenberg HG,Mendjan S,Vallier L

更新日期：2018-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of organoboron nucleophiles with aryl halide electrophiles is one of the most widely used carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions in organic and medicinal chemistry1,2. A key challenge associated with these transformations is that they generally require the addition of an exogenous base,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Malapit CA,Bour JR,Brigham CE,Sanford MS

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Applications are emerging that require the creation of fine-scale structures in three dimensions--examples include scaffolds for tissue engineering, micro-fluidic devices and photonic materials that control light propagation over a range of frequencies. But writing methods such as dip-pen nanolithography and ink-jet p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gratson GM,Xu M,Lewis JA

更新日期：2004-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA sequences of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) genes of four very closely related species of Drosophila show that the rates of nucleotide change vary greatly in different functional domains of this gene. A phylogeny of these species based on the Adh sequence data is consistent with that based on polytene chromos...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bodmer M,Ashburner M

更新日期：1984-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:During the subduction of oceanic lithosphere, water is liberated from minerals by progressive dehydration reactions and is thought to be critical to several geologically important processes such as island-arc volcanism, intermediate-depth seismicity and chemical exchange between the subducting lithosphere and mantle. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bina CR,Navrotsky A

更新日期：2000-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypermethylation is associated with the silencing of tumour susceptibility genes in several forms of cancer; however, the mechanisms responsible for this aberrant methylation are poorly understood. The prototypic DNA methyltransferase, DNMT1, has been widely assumed to be responsible for most of the methylation of the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rhee I,Jair KW,Yen RW,Lengauer C,Herman JG,Kinzler KW,Vogelstein B,Baylin SB,Schuebel KE

更新日期：2000-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Expansion of anthropogenic noise and night lighting across our planet1,2 is of increasing conservation concern3-6. Despite growing knowledge of physiological and behavioural responses to these stimuli from single-species and local-scale studies, whether these pollutants affect fitness is less clear, as is how and why ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Senzaki M,Barber JR,Phillips JN,Carter NH,Cooper CB,Ditmer MA,Fristrup KM,McClure CJW,Mennitt DJ,Tyrrell LP,Vukomanovic J,Wilson AA,Francis CD

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Explaining altruistic cooperation is one of the greatest challenges for evolutionary biology. One solution to this problem is if costly cooperative behaviours are directed towards relatives. This idea of kin selection has been hugely influential and applied widely from microorganisms to vertebrates. However, a problem...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Griffin AS,West SA,Buckling A

更新日期：2004-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Most tetrapods have retained terrestrial locomotion since it evolved in the Palaeozoic era, but bats have become so specialized for flight that they have almost lost the ability to manoeuvre on land at all. Vampire bats, which sneak up on their prey along the ground, are an important exception. Here we show that commo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Riskin DK,Hermanson JW

更新日期：2005-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Life implies movement. Most forms of movement in the living world are powered by tiny protein machines known as molecular motors. Among the best known are motors that use sophisticated intramolecular amplification mechanisms to take nanometre steps along protein tracks in the cytoplasm. These motors transport a wide v...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schliwa M,Woehlke G

更新日期：2003-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant growth and development is regulated by a structurally unrelated collection of small molecules called plant hormones. During the last 15 years the number of known plant hormones has grown from five to at least ten. Furthermore, many of the proteins involved in plant hormone signalling pathways have been identifie...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Santner A,Estelle M

更新日期：2009-06-25 00:00:00