Abstract：
:Many-body systems in nature exhibit complexity and self-organization arising from seemingly simple laws. For example, the long-range Coulomb interaction between electrical charges has a simple form, yet is responsible for a plethora of bound states in matter, ranging from the hydrogen atom to complex biochemical structures. Semiconductors form an ideal laboratory for studying many-body interactions of electronic quasiparticles among themselves and with lattice vibrations and light. Oppositely charged electron and hole quasiparticles can coexist in an ionized but correlated plasma, or form bound hydrogen-like pairs called excitons. The pathways between such states, however, remain elusive in near-visible optical experiments that detect a subset of excitons with vanishing centre-of-mass momenta. In contrast, transitions between internal exciton levels, which occur in the far-infrared at terahertz (1012 s(-1)) frequencies, are independent of this restriction, suggesting their use as a probe of electron-hole pair dynamics. Here we employ an ultrafast terahertz probe to investigate directly the dynamical interplay of optically-generated excitons and unbound electron-hole pairs in GaAs quantum wells. Our observations reveal an unexpected quasi-instantaneous excitonic enhancement, the formation of insulating excitons on a 100-ps timescale, and the conditions under which excitonic populations prevail.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Kaindl RA,Carnahan MA,Hägele D,Lövenich R,Chemla DSdoi
10.1038/nature01676keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-06-12 00:00:00pages
734-8issue
6941eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature01676journal_volume
423pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Wild-type p53 protein has many properties consistent with its being the product of a tumour suppressor gene. Although the normal roles of tumour suppressor genes are still largely unknown, it seems that they could be involved in promoting cell differentiation as well as in mediating growth arrest by growth-inhibitory ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/352345a0
更新日期：1991-07-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the introduction of antiproliferative drug-eluting stents, coronary heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States. In-stent restenosis and bypass graft failure are characterized by excessive smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and concomitant myointima formation with luminal oblitera...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature13232
更新日期：2014-05-29 00:00:00
abstract：:A timescale is necessary for estimating rates of molecular and morphological change in organisms and for interpreting patterns of macroevolution and biogeography. Traditionally, these times have been obtained from the fossil record, where the earliest representatives of two lineages establish a minimum time of diverge...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/31927
更新日期：1998-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Binocular coordination of eye movements is essential for stereopsis (depth perception) and to prevent double vision. More than a century ago, Hering and Helmholtz debated the neural basis of binocular coordination. Helmholtz believed that each eye is controlled independently and that binocular coordination is learned....
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/31489
更新日期：1998-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is one of several neurodegenerative disorders caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine tract. It is characterized by ataxia, progressive motor deterioration, and loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells. To understand the pathogenesis of SCA1, we examined the subcellular localization of ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/40153
更新日期：1997-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the capacity of natural populations to adapt to their local environment is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Phenotypic differences between populations may have a genetic basis, but showing that they reflect different adaptive optima requires the quantification of both gene flow and selection. Goo...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03083
更新日期：2005-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose individuals to certain cancers1-3, and disease-specific screening and preventative strategies have reduced cancer mortality in affected patients4,5. These classical tumour-suppressor genes have tumorigenic effects associated with somatic biallelic inactivation, although haploins...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-019-1382-1
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A non-discriminatory base analogue, or universal base, would be an invaluable component of oligonucleotide probes and primers for solving the design problems that arise as a result of the degeneracy of the genetic code, or when only fragmentary peptide sequence data are available. We have designed an alternative to pr...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/369492a0
更新日期：1994-06-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular signalling by the purine nucleotide ATP has long been associated with sensory function. In the periphery, ATP mediates nociception, mechanosensitivity, thermal sensitivity and O2 chemosensitivity. These processes share a common mechanism that involves the release of ATP to excite afferent fibres via acti...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03690
更新日期：2005-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-2691-0
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 评论,信件
doi：10.1038/d41586-019-00232-8
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.1038/d41586-018-07142-1
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of homoeo box sequences in the genomes of vertebrates has suggested that these metazoans possess the equivalent of the homoeotic genes that have a key role in regulating the development of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. We report here that a novel murine homoeo box-containing gene is expressed in e...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/314713a0
更新日期：1985-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Jupiter's aurora is the most powerful in the Solar System. It is powered largely by energy extracted from planetary rotation, although there seems also to be a contribution from the solar wind. This contrasts with Earth's aurora, which is generated through the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere. The ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35071018
更新日期：2001-04-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Sleep is one of the few major whole-organ phenomena for which no function and no underlying mechanism have been conclusively demonstrated. Sleep could result from global changes in the brain during wakefulness or it could be regulated by specific loci that recruit the rest of the brain into the electrical and metaboli...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04811
更新日期：2006-06-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Speciation in many animal taxa is catalysed by the evolutionary diversification of mating signals. According to classical theories of speciation, mating signals diversify, in part, as an incidental byproduct of adaptation by natural selection to divergent ecologies, although empirical evidence in support of this hypot...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35051570
更新日期：2001-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Humoral immune responses to immunization and infection and susceptibilities to antibody-mediated autoimmunity are generally lower in males1-3. However, the mechanisms underlying such sexual dimorphism are not well understood. Here we show that there are intrinsic differences between the B cells that produce germinal c...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-019-1873-0
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When a force deforms an elastic object, practical experience suggests that the resulting displacement will be in the same direction as the force. This property is known as positive stiffness. Less familiar is the concept of negative stiffness, where the deforming force and the resulting displacement are in opposite di...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35069035
更新日期：2001-03-29 00:00:00
abstract：:A variety of observations indicate that mid-ocean ridges produce less crust at spreading rates below 20 mm yr(-1) (refs 1-3), reflecting changes in fundamental ridge processes with decreasing spreading rate. The nature of these changes, however, remains uncertain, with end-member explanations being decreasing shallow ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03140
更新日期：2004-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding ice sheet behaviour in the geological past is essential for evaluating the role of the cryosphere in the climate system and for projecting rates and magnitudes of sea level rise in future warming scenarios1-4. Although both geological data5-7 and ice sheet models3,8 indicate that marine-based sectors of ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0501-8
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of papillomaviruses in epithelial-derived cancers from several animal species has led to the speculation that these viruses may also have a pathogenic role in the development of certain human carcinomas, particularly those associated with the anogenital tract. Recently, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/300771a0
更新日期：1982-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：:In epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells newly synthesized molecules are sorted in the trans-Golgi network and directly delivered to their apical and basolateral surface destinations. Sorting is mediated by signals in the cytoplasmic domains of basolateral transmembrane proteins whereas glycosylphosphatidy...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/378096a0
更新日期：1995-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Ribosomes are translational machineries that catalyse protein synthesis. Ribosome structures from various species are known at the atomic level, but obtaining the structure of the human ribosome has remained a challenge; efforts to address this would be highly relevant with regard to human diseases. Here we report the...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature14427
更新日期：2015-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The Kondo effect--a many-body phenomenon in condensed-matter physics involving the interaction between a localized spin and free electrons--was discovered in metals containing small amounts of magnetic impurities, although it is now recognized to be of fundamental importance in a wide class of correlated electron syst...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35015509
更新日期：2000-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, including TET1, TET2 and TET3, convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and regulate gene transcription. However, the molecular mechanism by which TET family enzymes regulate gene transcription remains elusive. Using protein affinity purification, here we search for f...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11742
更新日期：2013-01-24 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA mismatch repair is critical for increasing replication fidelity in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. MutS protein, a member of the ABC ATPase superfamily, recognizes mispaired and unpaired bases in duplex DNA and initiates mismatch repair. Mutations in human MutS genes cause a predisposition to hereditary...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35037509
更新日期：2000-10-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The pocket domain of the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumour suppressor is central to Rb function, and is frequently inactivated by the binding of the human papilloma virus E7 oncoprotein in cervical cancer. The crystal structure of the Rb pocket bound to a nine-residue E7 peptide containing the LxCxE motif, shared by other Rb...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/36038
更新日期：1998-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Statistical dependencies in the responses of sensory neurons govern both the amount of stimulus information conveyed and the means by which downstream neurons can extract it. Although a variety of measurements indicate the existence of such dependencies, their origin and importance for neural coding are poorly underst...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07140
更新日期：2008-08-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Superantigens such as the staphylococcal enterotoxins bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and activate T cells through a specific interaction between the V beta region of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the toxin. The TCR beta-chain alone is sufficient to produce the interaction wit...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/359841a0
更新日期：1992-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The homeobox is a 183-base-pair DNA sequence originally found in Drosophila segmentation and homeotic genes. In Drosophila, homeotic genes are clustered in the Antennapedia and Bithorax complexes, collectively called the homeotic gene complex (HOM-C). In the mouse genome, about 40 homeobox genes (Hox) are clustered in...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/365069a0
更新日期：1993-09-02 00:00:00
