Abstract：
:Humoral immune responses to immunization and infection and susceptibilities to antibody-mediated autoimmunity are generally lower in males1-3. However, the mechanisms underlying such sexual dimorphism are not well understood. Here we show that there are intrinsic differences between the B cells that produce germinal centres in male and female mice. We find that antigen-activated male B cells do not position themselves as efficiently as female B cells in the centre of follicles in secondary lymphoid organs, in which germinal centres normally develop. Moreover, GPR174-an X-chromosome-encoded G-protein-coupled receptor-suppresses the formation of germinal centres in male, but not female, mice. This effect is intrinsic to B cells, and correlates with the GPR174-enhanced positioning of B cells towards the T-cell-B-cell border of follicles, and the distraction of male, but not female, B cells from S1PR2-driven follicle-centre localization. Biochemical fractionation of conditioned media that induce B-cell migration in a GPR174-dependent manner identifies CCL21 as a GPR174 ligand. In response to CCL21, GPR174 triggers a calcium flux and preferentially induces the migration of male B cells; GPR174 also becomes associated with more Gαi protein in male than in female B cells. Male B cells from orchidectomized mice exhibit impaired GPR174-mediated migration to CCL21, and testosterone treatment rescues this defect. Female B cells from testosterone-treated mice exhibit male-like GPR174-Gαi association and GPR174-mediated migration. Deleting GPR174 from male B cells causes more efficient positioning towards the follicular centre, the formation of more germinal centres and an increased susceptibility to B-cell-dependent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. By identifying GPR174 as a receptor for CCL21 and demonstrating its sex-dependent control of B-cell positioning and participation in germinal centres, we have revealed a mechanism by which B-cell physiology is fine-tuned to impart sexual dimorphism to humoral immunity.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Zhao R,Chen X,Ma W,Zhang J,Guo J,Zhong X,Yao J,Sun J,Rubinfien J,Zhou X,Wang J,Qi Hdoi
10.1038/s41586-019-1873-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-01 00:00:00pages
416-420issue
7790eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
10.1038/s41586-019-1873-0journal_volume
577pub_type
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