Avoid brain contamination from surgery.

abstract：:How bacteria regulate cell cycle progression at a molecular level is a fundamental but poorly understood problem. In Caulobacter crescentus, two-component signal transduction proteins are crucial for cell cycle regulation, but the connectivity of regulators involved has remained elusive and key factors are unidentifie...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Biondi EG,Reisinger SJ,Skerker JM,Arif M,Perchuk BS,Ryan KR,Laub MT

更新日期：2006-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial toxins represent a vast reservoir of biochemical diversity that can be repurposed for biomedical applications. Such proteins include a group of predicted interbacterial toxins of the deaminase superfamily, members of which have found application in gene-editing techniques1,2. Because previously described cyt...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mok BY,de Moraes MH,Zeng J,Bosch DE,Kotrys AV,Raguram A,Hsu F,Radey MC,Peterson SB,Mootha VK,Mougous JD,Liu DR

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental and simulation studies show that small monomeric proteins fold in one kinetic step, which entails overcoming the free-energy barrier between the unfolded and the native protein through a transition state. Two models of transition state formation have been proposed: a 'nonspecific' one in which it depends ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shakhnovich E,Abkevich V,Ptitsyn O

更新日期：1996-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Crystalline materials are crucial to the function of living organisms, in the shells of molluscs, the matrix of bone, the teeth of sea urchins, and the exoskeletons of coccoliths. However, pathological biomineralization can be an undesirable crystallization process associated with human diseases. The crystal growth of...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chung J,Granja I,Taylor MG,Mpourmpakis G,Asplin JR,Rimer JD

更新日期：2016-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Helminth parasitic infections are a major global health and social burden. The host defence against helminths such as Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is orchestrated by type 2 cell-mediated immunity. Induction of type 2 cytokines, including interleukins (IL) IL-4 and IL-13, induce goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus produ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gerbe F,Sidot E,Smyth DJ,Ohmoto M,Matsumoto I,Dardalhon V,Cesses P,Garnier L,Pouzolles M,Brulin B,Bruschi M,Harcus Y,Zimmermann VS,Taylor N,Maizels RM,Jay P

更新日期：2016-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Nerve growth factor (NGF) activity was not detected by bioassay in irides killed immediately after excision but NGF appeared within 24 h in living irides placed in culture or grafted to a host eye. Furthermore, sensory and, although less effective, sympathetic denervation of irides in situ led within 10 days to the ap...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ebendal T,Olson L,Seiger A,Hedlund KO

更新日期：1980-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism whereby eukaryotic pre-messenger RNAs are polyadenylated is unknown. Most models for polyadenylation invoke cleavage of precursor transcripts at the site of poly(A) addition followed by polymerization of A residues by poly(A) polymerase. Analysis of the sequences surrounding poly(A) addition sites has id...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Berget SM

更新日期：1984-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA polymerase (Pol) II produces messenger RNA during transcription of protein-coding genes in all eukaryotic cells. The Pol II structure is known at high resolution from X-ray crystallography for two yeast species. Structural studies of mammalian Pol II, however, remain limited to low-resolution electron microscopy a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bernecky C,Herzog F,Baumeister W,Plitzko JM,Cramer P

更新日期：2016-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Opsin, the ligand-free form of the G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin, at low pH adopts a conformationally distinct, active G-protein-binding state known as Ops*. A synthetic peptide derived from the main binding site of the heterotrimeric G protein-the carboxy terminus of the alpha-subunit (GalphaCT)-stabilizes Ops...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Scheerer P,Park JH,Hildebrand PW,Kim YJ,Krauss N,Choe HW,Hofmann KP,Ernst OP

更新日期：2008-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Contact inhibition of locomotion was discovered by Abercrombie more than 50 years ago and describes the behaviour of fibroblast cells confronting each other in vitro, where they retract their protrusions and change direction on contact. Its failure was suggested to contribute to malignant invasion. However, the molecu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carmona-Fontaine C,Matthews HK,Kuriyama S,Moreno M,Dunn GA,Parsons M,Stern CD,Mayor R

更新日期：2008-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:During development, cells become progressively restricted, until they reach their final phenotype. Differentiation was originally thought to be irreversible, but phenotypic plasticity has been observed in a variety of cell types, for example sympathetic neurones, the limb blastema and some glial cell types. A detailed...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Coulombe JN,Bronner-Fraser M

更新日期：1986-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the deposition of amyloid fibrils in the brain. The principal component of amyloid fibrils is beta/A4 amyloid protein, which can be generated by the aberrant processing of a large membrane-bound glycoprotein, the beta/A4 amyloid protein precursor (APP)3. To test whethe...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yoshikawa K,Aizawa T,Hayashi Y

更新日期：1992-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of noise in a signal transduction system usually interferes with its ability to transfer information reliably. But many nonlinear systems can use noise to enhance performance, and this phenomenon, called stochastic resonance, may underlie the extraordinary ability of some biological systems to detect and ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bezrukov SM,Vodyanoy I

更新日期：1995-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowledge of the three-dimensional structures of proteins and other biological macromolecules often aids understanding of how they perform complicated tasks in the cell. Because many such tasks involve the cleavage or formation of chemical bonds, structural characterization at the atomic level is most useful. Developm...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fernandez-Leiro R,Scheres SH

更新日期：2016-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In the absence of extraneously added template, standard preparations of Q beta replicase spontaneously synthesize RNA in vitro, possibly as a result of RNA contamination. Using special enzyme purifications, Sumper and Luce presented evidence that self-replicating RNA not present ab initio can grow out of 'template-fre...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Biebricher CK,Eigen M,Luce R

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An Amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Momcilovic M,Jones A,Bailey ST,Waldmann CM,Li R,Lee JT,Abdelhady G,Gomez A,Holloway T,Schmid E,Stout D,Fishbein MC,Stiles L,Dabir DV,Dubinett SM,Christofk H,Shirihai O,Koehler CM,Sadeghi S,Shackelford DB

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tall AR,Jelic S

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages and dendritic cells have key roles in viral infections, providing virus reservoirs that frequently resist antiviral therapies and linking innate virus detection to antiviral adaptive immune responses. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) fails to transduce dendritic cells and has a reduced ability to tra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hrecka K,Hao C,Gierszewska M,Swanson SK,Kesik-Brodacka M,Srivastava S,Florens L,Washburn MP,Skowronski J

更新日期：2011-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:During the fission yeast cell cycle, the rate of polyadenylated messenger RNA synthesis doubles when the cell reaches a critical size. This size-related control maintains average mRNA content in balance with total cell mass during exponential growth, even in cells growing at different absolute growth rates per cell. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fraser RS,Nurse P

更新日期：1978-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus are associated with high mortality rates that are a distinguishing feature of this human pathogen. The highest lethality is associated with the Zaire subtype, one of four strains identified to date. Its rapid progression allows little opportunity to develop nat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sullivan NJ,Sanchez A,Rollin PE,Yang ZY,Nabel GJ

更新日期：2000-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Rates of atmospheric deposition of biologically active nitrogen (N) are two to seven times the pre-industrial rates in many developed nations because of combustion of fossil fuels and agricultural fertilization. They are expected to increase similarly over the next 50 years in industrializing nations of Asia and South...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clark CM,Tilman D

更新日期：2008-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA repair by homologous recombination is highly suppressed in G1 cells to ensure that mitotic recombination occurs solely between sister chromatids. Although many homologous recombination factors are cell-cycle regulated, the identity of the events that are both necessary and sufficient to suppress recombination in G...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Orthwein A,Noordermeer SM,Wilson MD,Landry S,Enchev RI,Sherker A,Munro M,Pinder J,Salsman J,Dellaire G,Xia B,Peter M,Durocher D

更新日期：2015-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic plasticity dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is thought to underlie certain types of learning and memory. In support of this, both hippocampal long-term potentiation and spatial learning in a watermaze are impaired by blocking NMDA receptors with a selective antagonist D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphon...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bannerman DM,Good MA,Butcher SP,Ramsay M,Morris RG

更新日期：1995-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of a local chromatin topology conducive to transcription is a key step in gene regulation. The yeast SWI/SNF complex is the founding member of a family of ATP-dependent remodelling activities capable of altering chromatin structure both in vitro and in vivo. Despite its importance, the pathway by which ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Whitehouse I,Flaus A,Cairns BR,White MF,Workman JL,Owen-Hughes T

更新日期：1999-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensory experiences exert a powerful influence on the function and future performance of neuronal circuits in the mammalian neocortex. Restructuring of synaptic connections is believed to be one mechanism by which cortical circuits store information about the sensory world. Excitatory synaptic structures, such as dend...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hofer SB,Mrsic-Flogel TD,Bonhoeffer T,Hübener M

更新日期：2009-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Large-scale studies of genomic variation could assist efforts to eliminate malaria. But there are scientific, ethical and practical challenges to carrying out such studies in developing countries, where the burden of disease is greatest. The Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network (MalariaGEN) is now working to overcome ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network.

更新日期：2008-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Dehydration embrittlement has been proposed to explain both intermediate- and deep-focus earthquakes in subduction zones. Because such earthquakes primarily occur at shallow depths or within the core of the subducting plate, dehydration at relatively low temperatures has been emphasized. However, recent careful reloca...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang J,Green HW,Bozhilov K,Jin Z

更新日期：2004-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen recognition by T lymphocytes is mediated by cell-surface glycoproteins known as T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs). These are composed of alpha and beta, or gamma and delta, polypeptide chains with variable (V) and constant (C) regions. In contrast to alphabeta TCRs, which recognize antigen only as peptide fragme...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Li H,Lebedeva MI,Llera AS,Fields BA,Brenner MB,Mariuzza RA

更新日期：1998-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Excision of introns from nuclear precursors to messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) by the spliceosome requires two distinct phosphodiester transfer (transesterification) reactions: exchange of a 3'-5' for a 2'-5' bond in the first step (lariat formation) and exchange of one 3'-5' phosphodiester for another in the second step (...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moore MJ,Sharp PA

更新日期：1993-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:For hundreds of years, scientists have tracked the changing appearance of Mars, first by hand drawings and later by photographs. Because of this historical record, many classical albedo patterns have long been known to shift in appearance over time. Decadal variations of the martian surface albedo are generally attrib...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fenton LK,Geissler PE,Haberle RM

更新日期：2007-04-05 00:00:00