Abstract:
:Endocrine disrupters are exogenous substances that cause adverse effects in the endocrine system. Sexual differentiation is regulated by reproductive hormones. Male differentiation is critically dependent on normal androgen action, which in turn depends on normal production of luteinizing hormone. Other essential hormones include follicle-stimulating hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, and insulin-like hormone 3 (insl-3). Estrogens influence transcription of insl-3 and affect sexual differentiation both directly and indirectly. Diethylstilbestrol is the best known endocrine disrupter and has caused abnormalities of sexual differentiation in both exposed male and female human fetuses. There is a growing group of chemicals that have weak estrogenic properties, but, in addition, there are several antiandrogenic compounds that have been shown to disturb sexual differentiation in experimental animals. It is a challenge for endocrinologists to find out whether or not these chemicals or mixtures of them are involved in any of the abnormalities of human sexual differentiation.
journal_name
Semin Reprod Medjournal_title
Seminars in reproductive medicineauthors
Toppari Jdoi
10.1055/s-2002-35377keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-08-01 00:00:00pages
305-12issue
3eissn
1526-8004issn
1526-4564journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In vitro maturation of oocytes is a safe and effective treatment offered in some fertility centers for assisted reproduction, where immature oocytes are retrieved from unstimulated ovaries. Therefore, the procedure avoids ovarian stimulation with expensive gonadotropins, side effects of the medications, and risks such...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1042957
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2002-36710
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1313908
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1678751
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journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2002-23515
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induction and patterning of the testis occurs over a brief window of time. Before male-specific morphogenesis, the gonad primordium is bipotential and capable of developing into either an ovary or testis. However, expression of the transcription factor SRY initiates male development and induces patterning, proliferati...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1108005
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In non industrialized countries the incidence of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) appears to be similar to that of industrialized countries, although data is scanty. In low-resource settings, women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) often delay seeking medical care because of cultural beliefs that a heavy red menstrua...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1287668
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trophoblast cells of the murine placenta are derived from the trophectoderm (TE) cells of the preimplantation embryo. Establishment of the TE cell lineage is the result of a cell segregation event early in blastomere division. Models of cell lineage segregation suggest it is driven by the internalization of spatial in...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1570025
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of published series reveals that no more than a fourth of subfertile patients undergoing surgery for peritoneal endometriotic implants, rectovaginal endometriotic lesions, or recurrent endometriomas achieved conception spontaneously. First-line surgery for ovarian endometriotic cysts appears associated with a...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1333478
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During most of gestation, the fetal adrenal gland is almost solely dedicated to the production of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). This specialized ability of the fetal adrenal is unique to primates and occurs because of a specialized fetal zone that composes the bulk of the fetal adrenal gland. Morphologicall...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-861549
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the critical role the placenta plays in governing the outcome of pregnancy, a great deal remains to be learned about this transient organ. Several factors have contributed to our relative lack of knowledge. For example, most of the placenta's development, which precedes that of the embryo or fetus, occurs duri...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-12569
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade there has been a resurgence of interest in the culture media used in clinical in vitro fertilization. Unfortunately, during this time more confusion than consensus appears to have developed regarding the composition of these media. In order to facilitate a clearer understanding of this field, it i...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-12559
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discrepancy between estrogen's beneficial cardiovascular effects found in animal studies and observational studies in women compared with the recently published randomized clinical trials have stimulated a great deal of controversy. Possibilities for the discrepancy include the age of the women, number of years po...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-869482
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior to the advent of modern minimally invasive surgery techniques, the primary surgical management of symptomatic leiomyomata for women desiring future fertility or uterine conservation was through laparotomy. Today, many cases of intramural and subserous leiomyomata are managed with laparoscopic myomectomy and sele...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-828621
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) administration for the induction of oocyte maturation during in vitro fertilization treatment is effective in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). However, some studies have reported a lower ongoing pregnancy rate after GnRHa trigger. The excellent ...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1265678
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Old World monkeys display physiological responses to steroid hormones that are similar to those of women. In this review, we describe cyclic morphological changes that take place within the uterus of Old World primates during the menstrual cycle. In primates, estrogen stimulates endometrial growth in the follicular ph...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1376357
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2003-41327
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproductive performance may be an important variable in treatment selection for unruptured ectopic pregnancy. The impact of treatment choice on reproductive performance is not known. We searched the literature and then tabulated published case reports on laparoscopic salpingostomy, multiple-dose methotrexate, single-...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-970052
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As sperm traverse the female tract from vagina to oocyte, they experience a steroid milieu, which due to transcriptional inactivity, they can only respond to via non-genomic signaling. This environment mediates events including capacitation, changes in motility patterns, chemotaxis, and acrosome reaction. Current know...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-973433
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research translation and evaluation are often underconsidered in research design and implementation thus limiting research benefit to the end user. In this article, we first describe a best practice approach to evaluation, for a center of research excellence in polycystic ovary syndrome. Within this, we outline a comp...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1667308
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is a pandemic and is associated with multiple medical problems including subfertility. Male obesity has been associated with altered semen parameters and reproductive hormonal levels, including a reduced testosterone:estradiol (T:E₂) ratio. Treatment methods employed for obesity-related male subfertility inclu...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1345272
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the genetic origin of many human diseases and phenotypes has been long and widely recognized, identification of the causative gene alleles has been limited, slow, and cumbersome. This has changed substantially with the introduction of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) a decade ago, fueled by studies and...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1585406
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Labor initiation is a complex process that remains to be fully elucidated. An area of active research involves the study of the different mechanisms that may lead to successful signaling for parturition. This review focuses on the fetal-derived signals that lead to the initiation of labor. These signals may also play ...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-956772
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the menstrual cycle, human endometrium undergoes extensive cyclic morphologic and biochemical modifications in preparation for embryo implantation. These processes are highly regulated by ovarian steroids and various locally expressed gene products and involve inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, cell proliferatio...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1096128
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) estimates that there are 225 million women and girls with unmet contraceptive need yearly. Unmet need for contraception is defined as women who desire a delay in childbearing and are not using a modern method of contraception. It is projected that providin...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1571437
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00