Abstract:
:Induction and patterning of the testis occurs over a brief window of time. Before male-specific morphogenesis, the gonad primordium is bipotential and capable of developing into either an ovary or testis. However, expression of the transcription factor SRY initiates male development and induces patterning, proliferation, and epithelialization specific to the testis. Male sex determination begins with commitment of Sertoli cells via autonomous and nonautonomous mechanisms. These mechanisms have recently been shown to both promote the male fate and simultaneously repress ovarian development. A second critical event in the development of the testis is the epithelialization of testis cords. After their specification, Sertoli cells epithelialize and surround the male germ line to form large looping structures bound by extracellular matrix. Cells excluded from cord structures are called interstitial cells and comprise several different cell types, including steroidogenic cells, endothelial cells, and a smooth muscle cell that directly surround the cords. Numerous male-specific signaling pathways influence testis cord morphogenesis and specification of distinct cell types, although a coherent progression of events is unclear. In this article we focus on signals in the male gonad that first are responsible for the specification of Sertoli cells, and second for the specification and patterning of interstitial cells.
journal_name
Semin Reprod Medjournal_title
Seminars in reproductive medicineauthors
Cool J,Capel Bdoi
10.1055/s-0028-1108005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
5-13issue
1eissn
1526-8004issn
1526-4564journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Pelvic pain, acute or chronic, accounts for more than 10% of referrals to gynecologists. Pain accounts for more than 40% of gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopies. Predicting operative findings is critical in planning surgical interventions, as well as preoperative and postoperative medical therapy. Ultrasound is useful...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1076144
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subclinical hypothyroidism has been found to be associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, such as infertility, miscarriage, preterm birth, and complications of pregnancy. Multiple studies have investigated the relationships between thyroid function, thyroid antibodies, fertility, and pregnancy. Thyroid autoimmuni...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1593487
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) administration for the induction of oocyte maturation during in vitro fertilization treatment is effective in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). However, some studies have reported a lower ongoing pregnancy rate after GnRHa trigger. The excellent ...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1265678
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discrepancy between estrogen's beneficial cardiovascular effects found in animal studies and observational studies in women compared with the recently published randomized clinical trials have stimulated a great deal of controversy. Possibilities for the discrepancy include the age of the women, number of years po...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-869482
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibin is a dimeric glycoprotein that suppresses follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from the pituitary. Two bioactive forms of inhibin exist, inhibin A and B. The availability of specific immunoassays for each of the isoforms has enabled the study of the individual inhibins and their physiological roles. In...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-831893
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has become increasingly common over recent years and is associated with reproductive features as well as cardiometabolic risk factors, including visceral obesity, dyslipidemia and impaired glucose homeostasis, and potentially cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests that thes...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1556568
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence that endometriosis is inherited as a complex genetic trait in which multiple genes conferring disease susceptibility interact with each other and the environment to produce the phenotype. Research groups worldwide are trying to identify such susceptibility genes through a "positional cloni...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2003-41317
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Implantable contraception has been extensively used worldwide. Implants are one of the most effective and reversible methods of contraception available. These devices may be particularly appropriate for certain populations of women, including women who cannot use estrogen-containing contraception. Implants are safe fo...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1248135
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is the most critical modulator of reproductive function. Genetic or environmental insults to the HPG axis during developmental windows can persist into adulthood, and processes such as gonadal hormone synthesis, timing of puberty, and fertility can be affected. At the leve...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0037-1599083
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptin is a circulating protein produced by adipocytes that has been implicated in control of body weight through appetite regulation and control of reproduction, most likely through an effect on the central nervous system. From studies in mice, it is clear that the genetic background of the animal on which the mutati...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2002-32506
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been few formal studies of differences in the phenotype of PCOS among women of African-American ancestry. Generally, African-American women tend to have an adverse cardiovascular risk profile when compared with women of other racial groups. The metabolic syndrome is a clinical disorder that identifies indiv...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-992922
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro maturation of oocytes is a safe and effective treatment offered in some fertility centers for assisted reproduction, where immature oocytes are retrieved from unstimulated ovaries. Therefore, the procedure avoids ovarian stimulation with expensive gonadotropins, side effects of the medications, and risks such...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-872452
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro fertilization (IVF) with ovarian stimulation is an effective treatment for couples needing treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) where polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is coexisting. However, it is also associated with an increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. In vitro maturati...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-992932
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identifying appropriate candidates for menopausal hormone therapy (HT) is challenging given the complex profile of risks and benefits associated with treatment. Most professional societies agree that HT should not be used for chronic disease prevention. Recent findings from the Women's Health Initiative and other rand...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1384626
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article the role of LH receptor gene mutations in patients with aberrant sex differentiation is discussed. In a dominant autosomal familial form of precocious puberty in boys (familial male-limited precocious puberty) LH receptor gene mutations have been identified. These single amino acid changes, mostly foun...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2002-35384
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Translocations involving the X and Y chromosomes are often associated with anomalies of gonadal development. Transfer of Yp sequences, including the testis-determining SRY gene, to the terminal portion of the short arm of the X chromosome is associated with 46,XX maleness and in rare cases 46,XX true hermaphroditism. ...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2001-15393
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity-related infertility is one of the most common problems of reproductive-age obese women who desire childbearing. The various types of bariatric surgeries have proved effective in controlling excessive weight gain, improving fertility, and preventing certain maternal and fetal complications in these women. This ...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1328880
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research translation and evaluation are often underconsidered in research design and implementation thus limiting research benefit to the end user. In this article, we first describe a best practice approach to evaluation, for a center of research excellence in polycystic ovary syndrome. Within this, we outline a comp...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1667308
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As fertility rates among women of advanced reproductive age have steadily increased, so has the utilization of fertility services. National health policies provide infertility treatment coverage in several developed countries; however, in the United States infertility treatment is largely privately funded, resulting i...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1336600
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the genetic origin of many human diseases and phenotypes has been long and widely recognized, identification of the causative gene alleles has been limited, slow, and cumbersome. This has changed substantially with the introduction of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) a decade ago, fueled by studies and...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1585406
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vasomotor symptoms, including hot flushes and night sweats, pose a significant symptomatic burden to women undergoing menopause, and negatively impact on both their physical and psychological well-being. Management of these symptoms can be challenging, with the use of conventional hormone replacement therapy limited b...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-3400241
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male infertility is a condition that affects approximately 50% of infertile couples and about 30% of those couples have only male factor infertility identified. There has been speculation that male military service members may have an even greater lifetime prevalence of infertility as compared to the general populatio...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1694027
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human uterus mainly consists of two layers: an inner endometrium and an outer layer, the myometrium, made of smooth muscle. The uterus is characterized by its unique capacity for regeneration. This capacity permits cyclical regeneration and remodeling of the tissue over the course of a woman's reproductive life. D...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1331801
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging has dramatic effects on the reproductive system in women. Undoubtedly, the most notable changes in the neuroendocrine axis arise from the loss of ovarian function, and thus, the loss of negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. Progressive decreases in inhibin B and inhibin A result in an early increa...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-984740
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) most often seek treatment for reduction of hair growth and/or acne, restoration of menstrual cyclicity, and infertility. In addition, these patients are increasingly seeking advise and treatment for the metabolic abnormalities related to PCOS (e.g., insulin resistance and ty...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2003-43305
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproductive performance may be an important variable in treatment selection for unruptured ectopic pregnancy. The impact of treatment choice on reproductive performance is not known. We searched the literature and then tabulated published case reports on laparoscopic salpingostomy, multiple-dose methotrexate, single-...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-970052
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is a pandemic and is associated with multiple medical problems including subfertility. Male obesity has been associated with altered semen parameters and reproductive hormonal levels, including a reduced testosterone:estradiol (T:E₂) ratio. Treatment methods employed for obesity-related male subfertility inclu...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1345272
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to gonadotoxic agents for treating cancer and other diseases or postponement of maternity jeopardize the prospects of genetic parenthood and are major factors driving the development of fertility preservation technologies. Although its mainstays, cryopreservation and vitrification, have been adopted from infe...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1241051
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade there has been a resurgence of interest in the culture media used in clinical in vitro fertilization. Unfortunately, during this time more confusion than consensus appears to have developed regarding the composition of these media. In order to facilitate a clearer understanding of this field, it i...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-12559
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trophoblast cells of the murine placenta are derived from the trophectoderm (TE) cells of the preimplantation embryo. Establishment of the TE cell lineage is the result of a cell segregation event early in blastomere division. Models of cell lineage segregation suggest it is driven by the internalization of spatial in...
journal_title:Seminars in reproductive medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1570025
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00