Internet resources for occupational and environmental health professionals.

abstract：:Cadmium is a heavy metal, which is widely used in industry, affecting human health through occupational and environmental exposure. In mammals, it exerts multiple toxic effects and has been classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Cadmium affects cell proliferation, differen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Waisberg M,Joseph P,Hale B,Beyersmann D

更新日期：2003-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested, on the basis of work in cell-free systems, that sulfonamide hydroxy-lamines are metabolized to nitroso metabolites which may be the proximate toxins mediating sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions. We performed time-course experiments investigating the toxicity of the hydroxylamine and nitroso ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rieder MJ,Krause R,Bird IA

更新日期：1995-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The rodent Hershberger assay has been used predominantly by the pharmaceutical industry to evaluate androgenic and antiandrogenic chemicals for potential therapeutic use. However, this assay has not yet been formally validated and standardized for use in toxicology testing. There are many variations in the protocol us...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamada T,Sunami O,Kunimatsu T,Kamita Y,Okuno Y,Seki T,Nakatsuka I,Matsuo M

更新日期：2001-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of thallous cation (Tl(+)) on: (a) the production of oxidant species and (b) membrane fluidity were evaluated in human leukemia T cells (Jurkat). After 72 h of incubation in the presence of Tl(+) (5-100 microM), no significant changes in cell viability were observed, although the average cell size was decr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Verstraeten SV

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both catecholamine (CA) released from adrenal chromaffin cells and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been shown to play critical roles in the regulation of hypoxic stress response. Our previous study has demonstrated that exogenous H2S directly induced quantal CA released from adult rat adrenal chromaffin cells (ARACCs) by ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang K,Zhu D,Yu X,Sun J,Yao W

更新日期：2013-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectrum of the anti-apoptotic potential of heparin is currently under scrutiny in various tissues and under various pathological situations. In this study, the role of a low-molecular-weight heparin derivative (LMWH), certoparin in adriamycin-induced oxidative DNA damage has been evaluated in the cardiac and rena...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Deepa PR,Varalakshmi P

更新日期：2006-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Gordonia axillaris (Roxb.) Dietrich (Theaceae) is a native to Taiwan and the leaves have been used as an astringent folk medicine. Camelliin B (CB), a macrocyclic hydrolyzable tannin, was isolated from G. axillaris and showed cytotoxic effects in human carcinoma cells. Among the target cells (SKHep-1, Ha-22T, DU-145, ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang CC,Chen LG,Yang LL

更新日期：2001-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Maize co-contamination with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) is frequently found in several countries. Although the alterations on nutritional and immunologic parameters induced by these mycotoxins, when administered individually, are partially characterised, little is known about the effects induced in anim...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Theumer MG,López AG,Masih DT,Chulze SN,Rubinstein HR

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro stimulation of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with chronic beryllium disease (CBD) induces the production of TNF-alpha. We tested the hypothesis that beryllium (Be)-stimulated TNF-alpha might induce apoptosis in mouse and human macrophage cell lines. These cell lines were selected because they pro...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sawyer RT,Fadok VA,Kittle LA,Maier LA,Newman LS

更新日期：2000-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent epidemiological studies have reported associations between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and various types of human cancer; in addition, exposure to chlorine (Cl-) in drinking water has been reported to suppress certain immune functions in laboratory animals. The current studies were conducted t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： French AS,Copeland CB,Andrews DL,Wiliams WC,Riddle MM,Luebke RW

更新日期：1998-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common clinical phenomena observed in human newborns. To achieve effective therapeutic treatment, numerous studies have been done to determine the molecular mechanisms of bilirubin-induced neuronal excitotoxicity. However, there is no conclusive evidence for the involvement of glu...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Li CY,Shi HB,Song NY,Yin SK

更新日期：2011-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:BHK21 fibroblastic cells were exposed in vitro to lead microparticles produced by pyrolysis of the organic lead used as an antiknock agent in gasoline. Although non-cytolethal, 10 micrograms of lead/10(6) cells rapidly inhibited cell growth kinetics as well as [3H]thymidine and L-[3H]leucine incorporation by the BHK21...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Dubreuil A,Hollande E,Bouley G,Boudene C

更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats which were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with FeCl2 X 4H2O expired ethane which increased with increasing doses of iron. The same amount of ethane was expired by animals exposed to 20% or 100% oxygen. The mobilization by FeCl2 of stored ethane from the body was excluded. Propane expiration was also stimulated ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Muliawan H,Kappus H

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic reactions are among the common adverse effects in humans. However, it is widely assumed that there are practically no reliable animal models for preclinical tests of low-molecular weight drugs that are available to predict such reactions. This study was designed to compare the detecting ability of test method...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hattori H,Yamaguchi F,Wagai N,Kato M,Nomura M

更新日期：1997-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Life-threatening acute lung injury potentially occurs following high-level accidental exposures to phosgene gas. This situation was mirrored in rats exposed nose-only at 900-1000 mg phosgene/m(3)min. At this exposure level, previous studies on rats demonstrated sustained reflexively induced cardiopulmonary dysfunction...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Liu F,Pauluhn J,Trübel H,Wang C

更新日期：2014-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of 6 weekly injections of ochratoxin A (5 mg/kg) and citrinin (20 mg/kg) on the following hematological indices of mice was studied: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hematocrit percentage, mean corpuscular values, red cell indices, platelet count, total count of bone marrow cells, differential count of bone ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gupta M,Sasmal D,Bandyopadhyay S,Bagchi G,Chatterjee T,Dey S

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is reported that diesel exhaust particles contain more 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) than benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), both of which are potent carcinogenic compounds. In this study, we show that 1-NP is more potent in reducing cell viability than B[a]P, pyrene, nitrobenzene, and nitromethane. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are enz...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Su JG,Liao PJ,Huang MC,Chu WC,Lin SC,Chang YJ

更新日期：2008-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Solar radiation induces acute and chronic reactions in human and animal skin. Chronic repeated exposures are the primary cause of benign and malignant skin tumors, including malignant melanoma. Among types of solar radiation, ultraviolet B (290-320 nm) radiation is highly mutagenic and carcinogenic in animal experimen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ichihashi M,Ueda M,Budiyanto A,Bito T,Oka M,Fukunaga M,Tsuru K,Horikawa T

更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical carcinogens are generally classified as genotoxic or non-genotoxic. However, weak genotoxicity at high concentrations is sometimes observed and interpretation is often problematic. In addition, certain rodent carcinogens exert their effects at doses associated with cytotoxicity and compensatory hyperplasia ma...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Beddowes EJ,Faux SP,Chipman JK

更新日期：2003-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:In several separate experiments neonatal rats were intubated daily with 9, 27 or 81 mg lead acetate/kg of body weight throughout their 3-week postnatal period of development. Based on average body weights, the total daily lead intake was 0.156, 0.454 or 1.384 mg lead per animal, respectively (in addition to normal lea...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sobotka TJ,Brodie RE,Cook MP

更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several epidemiological studies have shown that acute exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and that these effects are especially exacerbated among individuals with pre-existing compromised cardiovascular function such as hypertension. This study ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nemmar A,Zia S,Subramaniyan D,Fahim MA,Ali BH

更新日期：2011-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Catecholamines are stress hormones and sympathetic neurotransmitters essential for control of cardiac function and metabolism. However, pathologically increased catecholamine levels may be cardiotoxic by mechanism that includes iron-catalyzed formation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, five iron chelators use...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hašková P,Koubková L,Vávrová A,Macková E,Hrušková K,Kovaříková P,Vávrová K,Simůnek T

更新日期：2011-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:For quantitative in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) of metabolism for the purposes of toxicokinetics prediction, a precise and robust analytical technique for identifying and measuring a chemical and its metabolites is an absolute prerequisite. Currently, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) is a tool of cho...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tolonen A,Pelkonen O

更新日期：2015-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Carbamates physostigmine and pyridostigmine have been used as a pretreatment against poisoning with nerve agents in order to reversibly inhibit and thus protect from irreversible inhibition a portion of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain and respiratory muscles that is crucial for survival. Memantine, an a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Stojiljković MP,Škrbić R,Jokanović M,Bokonjić D,Kilibarda V,Vulović M

更新日期：2019-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Pilinskaya showed that the fungicide ziram induced chrocosome aberrations in the lymphocytes of exposed industrial workers and also in lymphocyte cultures treated in vitro. Ziram is chemically similar to the drug Antabuse (disulfirm) which is used in the treatment of alcoholics. To establish whether disulfirm can also...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lilly LJ

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A representative reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroxyl radical (*OH), is a highly reactive species and induces DNA backbone breakage. *OH also oxidizes every DNA base. The interaction of *OH with guanine leads to the generation of not only piperidine-resistant 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) but also v...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kawanishi S,Murata M

更新日期：2006-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study, we investigated the inducibility of the drug conjugate transporter genes MRP1 and MRP2 by redox-active compounds such as tertiary butylated hydroquinone (tBHQ) and quercetin and by chemicals known to activate the pregnane X receptor (PXR) such as rifampicin and clotrimazol and by the metalloid co...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kauffmann HM,Pfannschmidt S,Zöller H,Benz A,Vorderstemann B,Webster JI,Schrenk D

更新日期：2002-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantum dots (QDs) are potentially beneficial semi-conductor nanocrystals for use in diagnostics and therapeutics. The chemical composition of QDs however, has raised concerns as to their potential toxicity. Although a thorough examination using specific biochemical endpoints is necessary to assess QD toxicity, an und...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Clift MJ,Brandenberger C,Rothen-Rutishauser B,Brown DM,Stone V

更新日期：2011-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the biological and toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), dioxin-like compounds (DLC) as well as some drugs and endogenous tryptophan metabolites. Short-term activation of AhR can lead to hepatocellular s...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Oshida K,Vasani N,Thomas RS,Applegate D,Gonzalez FJ,Aleksunes LM,Klaassen CD,Corton JC

更新日期：2015-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth that has either a stimulatory or inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, depending on TGF beta concentration and on cell type, history and culture conditions. Cadmium mimics some of the effects of TGF beta in cultured cells. In t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tang N,Enger MD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00