Abstract:
:Single Golgi impregnated visual cells and their axons were treated from the retina to the first synaptic layer (lamina) in serial electron microscopic sections. This analysis of the retina-lamina projection was undertaken in the upper dorso-median eye region which is known to be involved in the perception of polarized light. For identification of individual visual cells and their fibres a numbering system was used which relates the number of each of the nine visual cells within one retinula to the transverse axis of the rhabdom (TRA) (Fig. 1). Because of the twist of the retinula along its course to the basement membrane (Fig. 6), individual visual cells change their position relative to any eye-constant co-ordinate system. Each axon bundle originating from one 9-celled retinula performs a 180 degrees-rotation before entering the lamina (Fig. 2). The direction of rotation (clockwise or counter-clockwise), which may differ even between adjacent bundles, is related to the two mirror-image types of rhabdoms in the corresponding retinulae and is opposite to the direction of rhabdom twist. Thus, even in small groups of the in total 5500 ommatidia in the eye of the bee, two types of retinulae exist which can be characterized by the geometry of the rhabdoms as well as by the direction of rotation of the retinulae and the axon bundles (Fig. 1). Visual cell numbers 1, 2, and 9, the microvilli of which are oriented in the direction of TRA, form three long visual fibres terminating in the second synaptic layer (medulla). In cross sections of laminar pseudocartridges they appear as the smallest fibre profiles arranged in a symmetrical line of the pseudocartridge bundle (=the transverse axis of the pseudocartridge; TPA) (Fig. 4). The remaining six fibres (cell numbers 3-8) only project to the lamina (short visual fibres; svf's). Two of them (cell numbers 5 and 6), which are the largest cells in the proximal retinula and have their microvilli perpendicularly arranged to TRA (Fig. 1), give rise to the two thickest axons of the underlaying pseudocartridge. In cross sections, t he connecting line of these two axons is orthogonally oriented to TPA (Fig. 5). A model was developed, in which all long visual fibres originate from ultraviolet receptors and in which the polarization sensitivity of the basal ninth cell is enhanced by the twist of the rhabdom. Finally, this model is discussed in light of behavioral experiments revealing the ultraviolet receptors as the only cells involved in the detection of polarized light.
journal_name
Cell Tissue Resjournal_title
Cell and tissue researchauthors
Sommer EW,Wehner Rdoi
10.1007/BF00218590keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-11-17 00:00:00pages
45-61issue
1eissn
0302-766Xissn
1432-0878journal_volume
163pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Notch signaling is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to human. It plays critical roles in neural stem cell maintenance and neurogenesis in the embryonic brain as well as in the adult brain. Notch functions greatly depend on careful regulation and cross-talk with other regulatory mechanisms. Deregulation of Notc...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00222119
更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1977-09-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
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