Abstract：
:In studies on the membranlytic action of various saponins on mycelium of Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani digitonin, alpha-hederin and tomatin caused considerable leakage of free amino acids, while aescin and theasaponin were less effective. Cyclamin significantly damaged cell membranes of R. solani, but did not change the selective permeability of B. cinerea. Cell membrane disruption was accompanied by an enzymatic conversion of saponins into their corresponding aglycones in cell membrane vicinity, an effect which was significantly inhibited by aldonolactones, known inhibitors of beta-glycosidases. These results lead to the conclusion that the hardly water soluble aglycones are the active part of the saponin molecules, the saponins themselves being only water soluble transport forms. It follows, that the presence of appropriate glycosidases in cell membranes, capable of converting saponins into their aglycones, is a prerequisite for the membranlytic action of saponins. The similarity of the membranlytic effects of saponins towards fungi and erythrocytes is descussed.
journal_name
Arch Microbioljournal_title
Archives of microbiologyauthors
Segal R,Schlösser Edoi
10.1007/BF00447315keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-06-22 00:00:00pages
147-50issue
2eissn
0302-8933issn
1432-072Xjournal_volume
104pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Recently it was found that the specific activity of H2-forming methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase (Hmd) in Methanothermobacter marburgensis (formerly Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum strain Marburg) increased six-fold when the hydrogenotrophic archaeon was grown in chemostat culture under nickel-limite...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002030000197
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasmid pJP4 encoding the ability to degrade the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Tfd+) was transferred by conjugation from Escherichia coli JMP397 to various lithoautotrophic strains of Alcaligenes eutrophus and to the autotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas oxalaticus. The herbicide-degrading function of the plas...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00407938
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Xanthobacter tagetidis grew as a chemolithotrophic autotroph on thiosulfate and other inorganic sulfur compounds, as a heterotroph on thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, acetic acid and alpha-ketoglutaric acid, and as a mixotroph on thiosulfate in combination with thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and/or acetic acid. Autotrophic g...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002030050568
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. With fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor and either H2 or formate as donor, Vibrio succinogenes could grow anaerobically in a mineral medium using fumarate as the sole carbon source. Both the growth rate and the cell yield were increased when glutamate was also present in the medium. 2. Glutamate was incorpo...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00405882
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work has shown that the mechanosensitive (MS) channel of large conductance (MscL) is essential for preventing lysis of Bacillus subtilis log phase cells upon a rapid, severe osmotic downshock. Growing cells of B. subtilis strains lacking MscL and one or more putative MS channel proteins of small conductance (...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-007-0292-z
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c in whole cells of Chlorobium tepidum grown at 46 degrees C changed into bacteriopheophytin (BPhe) c within 10 days after reaching full growth. When a small amount of C. tepidum cells in which BChl c had been completely pheophytinized were transferred to a new culture medium, normal growth ...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002030050737
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The thermophilic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis has two single-stranded DNA-binding (SSB) proteins, designated TteSSB2 and TteSSB3. In a SSB complementation assay in Escherichia coli, only TteSSB3 took over the in vivo function of EcoSSB. We have cloned the ssb genes obtained by PCR and have developed E. c...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-008-0366-6
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The methanotrophic bacterium Methylomicrobium album BG8 uses methane as a sole source of carbon and energy. This bacterium forms an extensive intracytoplasmic membrane. The first enzymes of the methane oxidation pathway are the membrane-bound particulate methane monooxygenase and the periplasmic methanol dehydrogenase...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-002-0426-2
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photosynthesis was measured by the 14C method on natural as well as low light adapted populations of Chloroflexus (a photosynthetic bacterium) and Synechococcus (a blue-green alga) from hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming U.S.A.), to test the ability of these phototrophs to photosynthesize at a variety o...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00428590
更新日期：1977-05-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulfolane (tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide) is used in the Sulfinol process for natural gas sweetening. At many sour-gas processing plants spills, landfills and leakage from unlined surface storage ponds have contaminated groundwaters with sulfolane. Due to its high water solubility and mobility in aquifers, sulfolane...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002030000184
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glyoxalase I is a ubiquitous enzyme that detoxifies methylglyoxal, which is derived from glycolysis but inhibits the growth of cells from microorganisms to mammals. Here, the structural gene for glyoxalase I ( glo1(+)) from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was identified. Disruption of glo1(+) enhanced susc...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-004-0666-4
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maize is highly responsive to the application of nitrogen to achieve high productivity. Inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria can improve plant growth with low N fertilization. The objective was to evaluate the inoculation of two species of diazotrophs on N metabolism in maize plants, in the presence of two concentra...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-018-1594-z
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbial changes in vaginal ecosystem may accelerate the process of cervical carcinogenesis. The developed cervical cancer can lead to changes in the vaginal microbiota. The aim of our study is to determine the vaginal microbiota changes at women with FIGO I stage cervical cancer. We conducted an open, single-site su...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-019-01747-4
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fermentative degradation of phenol was studied using a non-methanogenic, pasteurised enrichment culture containing two morphologically different bacteria. Phenol was fermented to benzoate, acetate and butyrate and their relative occurrence depended on the concentration of hydrogen. Proportionately more benzoate was fo...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002030000160
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polysomes were isolated both from growing gametophytes of Allomyces arbuscula and from gametangia prepared from mycelia at different periods during gametogenesis. Analysis of polysomes by sucrose gradients showed that ribosomes present in the gametangia monosome pool were shifted into polysomes. This shift was found t...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00413089
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In beta-lactam-antibiotic-producing fungi, such as Aspergillus (Emericella) nidulans, L-alpha-aminoadipic acid is the branching point of the lysine and penicillin biosynthesis pathways. To obtain a deeper insight into the regulation of lysine biosynthesis genes, the regulation of the A. nidulans lysF gene, which encod...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002030000246
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesorhizobium tianshanense is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that can establish symbiotic associations with Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the form of root nodules. Nodule formation in rhizobia often requires various secreted carbohydrates. To investigate exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and function in M. tianshanense, we p...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-007-0345-3
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:VcrD1 protein is a component of type III secretion system (T3SS) 1 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A comparative analysis of secretomes of wild-type and ΔvcrD1 strains revealed that the mutant was defective in secretion of diverse proteins including several flagellar components. Western blot analyses using specific antibo...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-014-1069-9
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 rkp-1 region, which is involved in capsular polysaccharide (KPS) biosynthesis, is constituted by the rkpU, rkpAGHIJ, and kpsF3 genes. Two mutants in this region affecting the rkpA (SVQ536) and rkpI (SVQ538) genes were constructed. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresi...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-011-0729-2
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity of Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972 was high in ammonia-limited cultures, low in phosphate- and sulphate-limited cultures and not detected in glucose-limited cultures. When ammonia was 'pulsed' into an ammonia-limited culture then GS activity decreased at a rate faster than that calcula...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00549365
更新日期：1977-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:We report structural and functional analyses of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum fixGHIS genes, which map immediately downstream of the fixNOQP operon for the symbiotically essential cbb3-type heme-copper oxidase complex. Expression of fixGHIS, like that of fixNOQP, is strongly induced in cells grown microaerobically or a...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002030050330
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some unicellular N(2)-fixing cyanobacteria have recently been found to lack a functional photosystem II of photosynthesis. Such organisms, provisionally termed UCYN-A, of the oceanic picoplanktion are major contributors to the global marine N-input by N(2)-fixation. Since their photosystem II is inactive, they can per...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00203-010-0621-5
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutants resistance to various combinations of threonine, lysine and/or their analogs were obtained and characterized in Pseudomonas acidovorans. In particular, mutants resistant to aminoethylcysteine had a dihydrodipicolinate synthetase insensitive to lysine inhibition whereas mutants resistant to threonine plus a low...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00446845
更新日期：1976-03-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Anaplerotic fixation of carbon dioxide by the fungus Aspergillus nidulans when grown under carbon-limited conditions was mediated by pyruvate carboxylase and a phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP)-metabolising enzyme which has been tentatively designated as PEP carboxylase. The activities of both enzymes were growth rate depend...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00422531
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus is the causal agent of bacterial wilt and ring rot of potato. So far, only two proteins have been shown to be essential for virulence, namely a plasmid-encoded cellulase CelA and a hypersensitive response-inducing protein. We have examined the re...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-007-0301-2
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of intestinal molecules produced by the host on the virulence of Pseudomonas fluorescens is poorly documented. In the present work, we evaluated the secretion of human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) by enterocytes after infection with P. fluorescens (a species previously suggested to be involved in inflammatory bowel...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-012-0865-3
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbes from diverse types of habitats are continuously exposed to external challenges, which may include acidic, alkaline, and toxic metabolites stress as well as nutrient deficiencies. To promote their own survival, bacteria have to rapidly adapt to external perturbations by inducing particular stress responses tha...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00203-020-02050-3
更新日期：2020-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:A combination of gene loss and acquisition through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is thought to drive Streptococcus thermophilus adaptation to its niche, i.e. milk. In this study, we describe an in silico analysis combining a stochastic data mining method, analysis of homologous gene distribution and the identificatio...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-010-0671-8
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the endophytic bacterial communities in the seeds of mature, natural common reed (Phragmites australis) and narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia L.). Additionally, seed endophytic bacterial communities were compared with rhizospheric and root endophytic bacterial communities using Illu...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-018-1493-3
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase TOR recruits different subunits to assemble the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1), which is inhibited by rapamycin and regulates ribosome biogenesis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of lipogenic genes. In addition, TORC1 participates...
journal_title：Archives of microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00203-020-01833-y
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
