Abstract:
:It is thought that immunity depends on naive CD4 T cells that proliferate in response to microbial antigens, differentiate into memory cells that produce anti-microbial lymphokines, and migrate to sites of infection. Here we use immunohistology to enumerate individual naive CD4 T cells, specific for a model antigen, in the whole bodies of adult mice. The cells resided exclusively in secondary lymphoid tissues, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, in mice that were not exposed to antigen. After injection of antigen alone into the blood, the T cells proliferated, migrated to the lungs, liver, gut and salivary glands, and then disappeared from these organs. If antigen was injected with the microbial product lipopolysaccharide, proliferation and migration were enhanced, and two populations of memory cells survived for months: one in the lymph nodes that produced the growth factor interleukin-2, and a larger one in the non-lymphoid tissues that produced the anti-microbial lymphokine interferon-gamma. These results show that antigen recognition in the context of infection generates memory cells that are specialized to proliferate in the secondary lymphoid tissues or to fight infection at the site of microbial entry.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Reinhardt RL,Khoruts A,Merica R,Zell T,Jenkins MKdoi
10.1038/35065111keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-03-01 00:00:00pages
101-5issue
6824eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
35065111journal_volume
410pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::The annual cycle in the Earth's surface temperature is extremely large-comparable in magnitude to the glacial-interglacial cycles over most of the planet. Trends in the phase and the amplitude of the annual cycle have been observed, but the causes and significance of these changes remain poorly understood-in part beca...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07675
更新日期:2009-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Elucidation of the nature of the gene interactions that underly the sterility of interspecific hybrids is important in evolutionary biology. The interactions between the heterospecific X and Y (or Z and W) chromosomes are often used as an explanation for two reasons. First, the fertility of the hybrids of the heteroga...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/358751a0
更新日期:1992-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::Heat is fundamental to power generation and many industrial processes, and is most useful at high temperatures because it can be converted more efficiently to other types of energy. However, efficient transportation, storage and conversion of heat at extreme temperatures (more than about 1,300 kelvin) is impractical f...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature24054
更新日期:2017-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::In this Letter, in Fig. 3c and f the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli networks were subject to both weight loss and node deletion, a combination of two types of perturbation, as opposed to weight loss only (as the labelling incorrectly indicated). The collapse in Fig. 3h was also obtained from this combin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1091-9
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer control by adaptive immunity involves a number of defined death and clearance mechanisms. However, efficient inhibition of exponential cancer growth by T cells and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) requires additional undefined mechanisms that arrest cancer cell proliferation. Here we show that the combined action of the T-...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11824
更新日期:2013-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::The current picture of galaxy evolution advocates co-evolution of galaxies and their nuclear massive black holes, through accretion and galactic merging. Pairs of quasars, each with a massive black hole at the centre of its galaxy, have separations of 6,000 to 300,000 light years (refs 2 and 3; 1 parsec = 3.26 light y...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10364
更新日期:2011-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription factors recognize specific genomic sequences to regulate complex gene-expression programs. Although it is well-established that transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences using a combination of base readout and shape recognition, some fundamental aspects of protein-DNA binding remain poorly und...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2843-2
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information from the human genome sequence will eventually alter many aspects of clinical practice. It will increase through our understanding of disease mechanisms, and guide the development of new drugs and therapeutic procedures. In the short term, however, knowledge of the genome will have a profound clinical impa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature02624
更新日期:2004-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::The tumour microenvironment may contribute to tumorigenesis owing to mechanical forces such as fibrotic stiffness or mechanical pressure caused by the expansion of hyper-proliferative cells. Here we explore the contribution of the mechanical pressure exerted by tumour growth onto non-tumorous adjacent epithelium. In t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14329
更新日期:2015-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::An amino acid sequence analysis of the N-terminal immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions (VH and VL) from 16 hybridoma proteins which bind phosphorylcholine as well as the complete sequence analysis of 9 of these VH regions is presented. There seem to be more VH regions participating in the phosphorylch...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/291029a0
更新日期:1981-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::We report the first atomic resolution structure of an animal virus, human rhinovirus 14. It is strikingly similar to known icosahedral plant RNA viruses. Four neutralizing immunogenic regions have been identified. These, and corresponding antigenic sequences of polio and foot-and-mouth disease viruses, reside on exter...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/317145a0
更新日期:1985-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::A key event in the domestication and breeding of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis was loss of the thick coconut-like shell surrounding the kernel. Modern E. guineensis has three fruit forms, dura (thick-shelled), pisifera (shell-less) and tenera (thin-shelled), a hybrid between dura and pisifera. The pisifera palm is us...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12356
更新日期:2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::HLA class II molecules are a highly polymorphic family of dimeric cell-surface proteins primarily involved in regulating T-cell responses to extrinsic antigens. To define regions of class II molecules involved in T-cell recognition, we have now compared sequences of three HLA DR beta cDNA clones obtained from cells th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/317166a0
更新日期:1985-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Endocytosis has long been thought of as simply a way for cells to internalize nutrients and membrane-associated molecules. But an explosive growth in knowledge has given a new dimension to our understanding of this process. It now seems that endocytosis is a master organizer of signalling circuits, with one of its mai...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature08910
更新日期:2010-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Gigantopithecus blacki was a giant hominid that inhabited densely forested environments of Southeast Asia during the Pleistocene epoch1. Its evolutionary relationships to other great ape species, and the divergence of these species during the Middle and Late Miocene epoch (16-5.3 million years ago), remain unclear2,3....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1728-8
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms at mucosal interfaces, which are sites of constitutive exposure to microbes and non-microbial foreign substances, allows for efficient protection against pathogens yet prevents adverse inflammatory responses associated with allergy, asthma and intestinal inflamma...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10772
更新日期:2012-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::For plants, the sensing of light in the environment is as important as vision is for animals. Fluctuations in light can be crucial to competition and survival. One way plants sense light is through the phytochromes, a small family of diverse photochromic protein photoreceptors whose origins have been traced to the pho...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/35036500
更新日期:2000-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Piwi proteins and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have conserved functions in transposon silencing. The murine Piwi proteins Mili and Miwi2 (also called Piwil2 and Piwil4, respectively) direct epigenetic LINE1 and intracisternal A particle transposon silencing during genome reprogramming in the embryonic male germ line...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10547
更新日期:2011-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::We often face alternatives that we are free to choose between. Planning movements to select an alternative involves several areas in frontal and parietal cortex that are anatomically connected into long-range circuits. These areas must coordinate their activity to select a common movement goal, but how neural circuits...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06849
更新日期:2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a compl...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13545
更新日期:2014-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::The products of six unidentified reading frames of human mitochondrial DNA are precipitated from a mitochondrial lysate by antibodies against highly purified native beef heart NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). These products are enriched greatly in a human submitochondrial fraction enriched in NADH-Q1 and NA...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/314592a0
更新日期:1985-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::With the discovery1 of superconductivity at 203 kelvin in H3S, attention returned to conventional superconductors with properties that can be described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer and the Migdal-Eliashberg theories. Although these theories predict the possibility of room-temperature superconductivity in metals th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07356-3
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Colorado plateau is a large, tectonically intact, physiographic province in the southwestern North American Cordillera that stands at ∼1,800-2,000 m elevation and has long been thought to be in isostatic equilibrium. The origin of these high elevations is unclear because unlike the surrounding provinces, which hav...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10001
更新日期:2011-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::The unusual helium-rich (type Ib) supernova SN 2005E is distinguished from all supernovae hitherto observed by its faint and rapidly fading light curve, prominent calcium lines in late-phase spectra and lack of any mark of recent star formation near the supernova location. These properties are claimed to be explained ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09055
更新日期:2010-05-20 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07480-0
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantum criticality is associated with a system composed of a nearly infinite number of interacting quantum degrees of freedom at zero temperature, and it implies that the system looks on average the same regardless of the time- and length scale on which it is observed. Electrons on the atomic scale do not exhibit suc...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01978
更新日期:2003-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::The nuclear bulge is a region with a radius of about 200 parsecs around the centre of the Milky Way. It contains stars with ages ranging from a few million years to over a billion years, yet its star-formation history and the triggering process for star formation remain to be resolved. Recently, episodic star formatio...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10359
更新日期:2011-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::The axial coupling of the nucleon, gA, is the strength of its coupling to the weak axial current of the standard model of particle physics, in much the same way as the electric charge is the strength of the coupling to the electromagnetic current. This axial coupling dictates the rate at which neutrons decay to proton...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0161-8
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protein coding sequences of most eukaryotic messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) are interrupted by non-coding sequences called introns. Pre-mRNA splicing is the process by which introns are removed and the protein coding elements assembled into mature mRNAs. Alternative pre-mRNA splicing selectively joins differe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/418236a
更新日期:2002-07-11 00:00:00