Abstract：
:The key component of the PharmChek sweat patch, the membrane, has been tested for the passage of externally applied materials. Drugs in the uncharged state rapidly penetrated the membrane but charged species were greatly slowed. In basic media, detectable concentrations of cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin were observed at the earliest collection time (ca. 30 s), after drugs were placed on the outside of the membrane. Drug concentrations increased over the 2 h time course, when amounts detected (1710 ng cocaine, 1060 ng methamphetamine, 550 ng heroin per pad at 2 h) represented 5-17% of the drug deposited on the surface of the sweat patch. Drugs externally applied to human skin were shown to bind readily. Drugs deposited on the skin of drug-free volunteers several days prior to application of the sweat patch were not completely removed by normal hygiene or the cleaning procedures recommended before application of the sweat patch. Even 6 days of normal hygiene did not remove all drugs from externally contaminated skin and positive sweat patches resulted. A mechanism for passage of drugs through the sweat patch membrane, a mechanism for retention of drugs on skin, and a redesign of the sweat patch and modification of its use to reduce external contamination are proposed. Appropriate care should be taken in the interpretation of positive results from a sweat patch test until more research is conducted.
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Kidwell DA,Smith FPdoi
10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00353-4keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-02-15 00:00:00pages
89-106issue
2-3eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
S0379073800003534journal_volume
116pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：:Air weapons are commonly used by civilian populations across the world, particularly by those under 18, and discharges often result in desecration, criminal damage and animal abuse. Online forums and websites provide an accessible resource for civilians to access airgun modification methods proposing to increase muzzl...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.11.004
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a latex agglutination inhibition reaction test (LAIRT) for cocaine and benzoylecgonine have been established. In ELISA with polystyrene microtiter wells coated with anti-benzoylecgonine antibody and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-labeled benzoylecgonine, the activity of ant...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(95)01853-0
更新日期：1996-02-09 00:00:00
abstract：:We report about a fatal cytisine intoxication in a 20-year-old man who, according to his mother, had drunken tea prepared from plant material of Laburnum anagyroides with the toxic pyridine-like alkaloid as ingredient, which exhibits pharmacological effects similar to nicotine. Using a liquid chromatographic-mass spec...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.01.011
更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Reported here is a very rare case in which the bruises were caused to the lower anterior region of the right thigh by the impact of the rim of a scooter's seat made up of a slightly flexible plastic sheet covered with artificial leather. The bruises depicted the pattern of the subjacent lower end of the femur and the ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.01.016
更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A rare case of cardiac failure due to hypertensive crisis in pheochromocytoma in a 25-year-old young man is presented. In the Emergency Department the patient complained of persisting headache and vomiting; he was distressed but fully alert, his heart rate was 110 b/min and blood pressure 180/80 mmHg. Few hours after ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.01.021
更新日期：2009-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The rate of suicides in road traffic fatalities is estimated at 1-8% depending on the investigated study material. Especially single-car accidents, for which no technical reason or driving error is apparent, are considered suspicious. The elucidation of suicides in road traffic is difficult if there are no relevant cl...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.11.023
更新日期：2011-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We report two cases of drug-facilitated sexual assault which presented with CNS depression rendering the victims vulnerable to sexual assault and unable to recall the events surrounding the crimes. In each tetrahydrozoline (THZ) was quantified. CASE REPORT:Case #1 ingested an unknown amount of eye drops con...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.004
更新日期：2012-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Two cases of suicide and attempted suicide, respectively, are presented. A 15-year old boy suffering from diabetes died of hyperglycemia after continuous drinking of large amounts of sugared tea. He concealed his disease from the teachers as well as from the doctor. A 52-year old woman was found with multiple blunt fo...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.087
更新日期：2005-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to recover trace DNA from fired cartridge cases can help establish important leads regarding the handler of the ammunition. Over recent years, several DNA recovery techniques for fired ammunition have been published. Three techniques of significant interest include tape lifting, direct PCR, and vacuum filt...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110507
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A sample of 166 normal adult males and females was taken from different colleges of Assiut representing those living in upper Egypt. Each subject has been studied for measurements of stature (S), hand length (HL) and hand breadth (HB). The data were statistically analysed in order to assess the relationship between st...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(90)90304-h
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In developed countries, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) represents the most prevalent cause of death in children between 1 month and 1 year of age. SIDS is a diagnosis of exclusion, a negative autopsy which requires the absence of structural organ disease. Although investigators have confirmed that a significant p...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.01.018
更新日期：2012-06-10 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper demonstrates a numerical pattern recognition method applied to curvilinear image structures. These structures are extracted from physical cross-sections of cast internal pistol barrel surfaces. Variations in structure arise from gun design and manufacturing method providing a basis for discrimination and id...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.03.002
更新日期：2012-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Narcotic analgesics are widely (ab) used and sometimes only occur in low concentrations in biological samples. Therefore, a highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous analysis of 9 narcotic analgesics and metabolites (buprenorphine, O-desmethyltramadol, fentan...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.01.047
更新日期：2012-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Reddish discoloration of exposed skin areas, called frost erythema, is an important criterion for the diagnosis of fatal hypothermia. In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry in a prospective trial to show that on the molecular level, the correlate of frost erythema is hemoglobin without hemorrhage. Furtherm...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.05.029
更新日期：2006-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:In this work, a case of deliberate self-poisoning is presented. A 14-year-old girl suddenly died during one of the several hospitalizations. Abdominal computer tomography showed a large number of metallic particles in the large intestine. Analysis of blood and internal organs for mercury and other toxic metals carried...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.02.015
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biochemical characterization in alveolar lavage fluids of rats which had inhaled 5% oxygen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide was studied in comparison with control rats. The protein content, consisting mainly of serum albumin, markedly increased in the hypoxic states. The phospholipid content also increased one and ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(89)90088-1
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbofuran is a broad spectrum carbamate insecticide which inhibits cholinesterase. In the recent past several carbofuran related homicide and suicide cases were reported in Sri Lanka. The concentration of carbofuran found in blood, bile and/or tissues in eight fatal cases were presented in this paper. Liquid-liquid e...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.10.039
更新日期：2013-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to supply information about: (1) normal sex-related dimensions of mouth and lips (linear distances, ratios, angles, area, volume); and (2) growth changes between childhood and old age. The three-dimensional coordinates of several soft-tissue landmarks on the lips and face were obtained ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.050
更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Though the child abuse syndrome is usually considered to have been first described in the middle of the present century, references to child abuse occur throughout history and in the 19th century, detailed descriptions were published in the French medical literature. ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(86)90008-3
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral fluid (collected with the Intercept((R)) device) and plasma samples were obtained from 139 individuals suspected of driving under the influence of drugs and analyzed for Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive constituent of cannabis, using a validated quantitative LC-MS-MS method. The first a...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.03.033
更新日期：2006-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) is a rare disease characterized by progressive and obliterative cholangiopathy in infants and is one of the major causes of secondary vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) due to cholestasis-induced fat malabsorption. Breast feeding increases the tendency of bleeding in EHBA patients...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.018
更新日期：2012-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The spreading of bloodstains on matt, vinyl silk and gloss painted surfaces, following both perpendicular and non-perpendicular impact, has been studied with a view to understanding whether surface-specific properties affect the size and shape of the final stain. In all cases the dimensions of the stains on the roughe...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.044
更新日期：2013-06-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein-based medicines, or large molecule medicines, are innovative products used to treat various diseases like hepatitis or cancer. This new generation of molecules are usually expensive, and thus represents an attractive target for the counterfeiters. Due to the complexity of their chemical structure, their analys...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.07.012
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 24-year-old male died suddenly following the intravenous injection of what was believed to be the ring-derivate amphetamine 'ecstasy' (MDMA). Toxicological analyses of the victim's blood and the injected material, however, failed to reveal MDMA, but showed instead low levels of bufotenine, a tryptamine derivative al...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.02.006
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carrion insect succession patterns have long been used to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) during a death investigation. However, no published carrion succession study included sufficient replication to calculate a confidence interval about a PMI estimate based on occurrence data. We exposed 53 pig carcasses (16...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.05.007
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proximal and distal parts of the femur show the differences between the sexes. Head diameter and the breadth of the epicondyle of the femur are known to distinguish males from females. The proximal end of the femur is studied to determine sex using discriminant analysis but; its distal end is not done. This study ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.08.028
更新日期：2013-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:In view of a potential future use for dating hemorrhage in forensic medicine the correlation of MR relaxation parameters with time was evaluated in blood samples. A systematic relationship could be valuable for using MRI for estimating the age of hemorrhage and soft tissue hematomas particularly in clinical forensic m...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.032
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bayesian statistics was applied to a small sample database of the tensile properties of five different brands of writing paper which were perceptibly similar. The measured parameters in the database were found to overlap for the five brands. This posed a limitation to the application of the classical approach for "mat...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.004
更新日期：2010-02-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS) is a conundrum to both forensic pathologists and physicians, more than 80% of which the molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. Reported studies on both clinical and genetic phenotypes suggest SUNDS is related to congenital and acquired arrhythmias. Recent researches...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.12.006
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method for identifying human skeletal muscle by detection of human myoglobin using a double-sandwich ELISA was developed. When an extract was prepared from 0.1 g skeletal muscle homogenized with 10 ml PBS, this method was able to detect human myoglobin in extracts diluted 10(4)-fold. There was no difference in the d...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(94)01667-4
更新日期：1995-02-28 00:00:00
