Abstract:
:This study was prompted by the prospect of transgenic pigs providing donor hearts for transplantation in human recipients. Autonomic innervation is important for the control of cardiac dynamics, especially in the conduction system. Our objective was to assess the relative distribution of autonomic nerves in the pig heart, focusing initially on the conduction system but addressing also the myocardium, endocardium and epicardium (see Crick et al. 1999). Quantitative immunohistochemical and histochemical techniques were adopted. All regions of the conduction system possessed a significantly higher relative density of the total neural population immunoreactive for the general neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) than did the adjacent myocardium. A similar density of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive innervation was observed between the sinus node, the transitional region of the atrioventricular node, and the penetrating atrioventricular bundle. A differential pattern of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive innervation was present within the atrioventricular node and between the components of the ventricular conduction tissues, the latter being formed by an intricate network of Purkinje fibres. Numerous ganglion cell bodies were present in the peripheral regions of the sinus node, in the tissues of the atrioventricular groove, and even in the interstices of the compact atrioventricular node. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing nerves were the dominant subpopulation observed, representing 60-70% of the total pattern of innervation in the nodal tissues and penetrating atrioventricular bundle. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive nerves were the next most abundant neural subpopulation, representing 37% of the total pattern of innervation in the compact atrioventricular node compared with 25% in the transitional nodal region. A minor population of ganglion cell bodies within the atrioventricular nodal region displayed TH immunoreactivity. The dominant peptidergic nerve supply possessed immunoreactivity for neuropeptide Y (NPY), which displayed a similar pattern of distribution to that of TH-immunoreactive nerve fibres. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerves represented 8-9% of the total innervation of the nodal tissues and penetrating atrioventricular bundle, increasing to 14-19% in the bundle branches. Somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve fibres were relatively sparse (4-13% of total innervation) and were most abundant in the nodes, especially the compact atrioventricular node. The total pattern of innervation of the porcine conduction system was relatively homogeneous. A substantial proportion of nerve fibres innervating the nodal tissues could be traced to intracardiac ganglia indicative of an extensive intrinsic supply. The innervation of the atrioventricular node and ventricular conduction tissues was similar to that observed in the bovine heart, but markedly different to that of the human heart. It is important that we are aware of these findings in view of the future use of transgenic pig hearts in human xenotransplantation.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Crick SJ,Sheppard MN,Ho SY,Anderson RHdoi
10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19530341.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-01 00:00:00pages
341-57eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
195 ( Pt 3)pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The study of human anatomy can be found throughout the rich history of Persia. For thousands of years, morphological descriptions derived from this part of the world have contributed to and have helped form our current anatomical knowledge base. In this article we review the major influential Persian periods and the i...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00711.x
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-related changes are reported in the rat suprapatella: a fibrocartilage that resists compression of the quadriceps tendon against the femur in the flexed knee. The suprapatella was studied by histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in rats aged 11-14 weeks, and 12, 15, 18 and 24 months. Type II coll...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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abstract::Pulmonary complications are frequently observed after transthoracic oesophagectomy. These complications may be reduced by sparing the vagus nerve branches to the lung. However, current descriptions of the regional anatomy are insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to provide a highly detailed description of the course of t...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12366
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scanning microinterferometric measurements were made of matrix dry mass in the intermediate layer of normal rabbit patellar articular cartilage and in the area surrounding standard, experimental, full-thickness lesions of 1-5 mm diameter. The lesions were created in 1 kg animals and were allowed to heal for up to 3 we...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups: control and anaemic. Anaemia was induced by periodical blood withdrawal. Extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were excised under pentobarbital sodium total anaesthesia and processed for transmission electron microscopy, histochemical and bioc...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00908.x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human beings have considerably expanded cognitive abilities compared with all other species and they also have a relatively larger cerebral cortex compared with their body size. But is a bigger brain the only reason for higher cognition or have other features evolved in parallel? Humans have more and different types o...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/joa.12198
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The common internal iliac artery in the sheep gives rise to the arteries which are the primary source of blood to the uterus. We have used a vascular occluder placed on the common internal iliac artery of the pregnant sheep to induce and study the effects of chronic fetal hypoxaemia. We have noted that uterine blood f...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19330449.x
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00833.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01428.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12343
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12211
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19020311.x
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00733.x
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
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