Abstract:
:The developing human brain can compensate for pre- and perinatally acquired focal lesions more effectively than the adult brain. The mechanisms by which this effective reorganization is achieved vary considerably between different functional systems, reflecting differences in the normal maturation of these systems. In the motor system, descending cortico-spinal motor projections have already reached their spinal target zones at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy, with initially bilateral projections from each hemisphere. During normal development, the ipsilateral projections are gradually withdrawn, whereas the contralateral projections persist. When, during this period, a unilateral brain lesion disrupts the cortico-spinal projections of one hemisphere, the ipsilateral projections from the contralesional hemisphere will persist. This allows the contralesional hemisphere to take over motor control over the paretic extremities. Although this mechanism of reorganization is available throughout the pre- and perinatal period, the efficacy of this ipsilateral takeover of motor functions decreases with increasing age at the time of the insult. In the somatosensory system, ascending thalamo-cortical somatosensory projections have not yet reached their cortical target zones at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, these projections can still 'react' to brain lesions acquired during this period, and can form 'axonal bypasses' around periventricular white matter lesions to reach their original cortical target areas in the postcentral gyrus. Thus, somatosensory functions can be well preserved even in cases of large periventricular lesions. In contrast, when the postcentral gyrus itself is affected, no signs for reorganization have been observed. Accordingly, somatosensory functions are often poor in these patients. Language functions can be normal even in patients with extensive early left-hemispheric brain lesions. This is achieved by language organization in the right hemisphere, which takes place in brain regions homotopic to the classical left-hemispheric language areas in normal subjects. In patients with periventricular lesions, the degree of right-hemispheric takeover of language functions correlates with the severity of structural damage to facial (and, thus, articulatory) motor projections.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Staudt Mdoi
10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01262.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-10-01 00:00:00pages
469-74issue
4eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580pii
JOA1262journal_volume
217pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Data are presented on the postnatal growth of the mouse bladder. Both bladder size (measured as surface area) and bladder wet weight increase steadily with age, respectively reaching 2.5 times and 4 times their newborn values by the age of ten weeks. Despite this growth, which may be due principally to non-urothelial ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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doi:
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abstract::The ligamentous attachments of the lumbar spinous processes were studied by dissection and histological examination in seven dogs, three cats and six baboons. Unlike man, the lumbar spines of these animals do not possess a supraspinous ligament and there is no decussation of the erector spinae tendons in the lower lum...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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abstract::Scanning microinterferometric measurements were made of matrix dry mass in the intermediate layer of normal rabbit patellar articular cartilage and in the area surrounding standard, experimental, full-thickness lesions of 1-5 mm diameter. The lesions were created in 1 kg animals and were allowed to heal for up to 3 we...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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doi:
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12610
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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doi:
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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doi:
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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