Abstract：
:This paper describes a qualitative and quantitative investigation into the location of the motoneurons innervating the extra-ocular muscles of the rat. Injections of horseradish peroxidase, bisbenzimide, propidium iodide and DAPI-primuline were made either in one or simultaneously in two muscles. Unlike those of the cat, rabbit and monkey, the motoneurons which make up the oculomotor nucleus of the rat are not arranged in spatially separate subgroups belonging each to its corresponding extra-ocular muscle, but instead allow a high degree of superposition among the motor pools which they compose. The motoneurons innervating the lateral rectus and inferior oblique muscles are all homolateral; those of the medial and inferior rectus muscles are mainly homolateral with a few contralateral exceptions; and those of the superior rectus, levator palpebrae and superior oblique muscles are mainly contralateral with a small minority of homolateral exceptions. As well as from the main motor pools with which they are associated, the medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, levator palpebrae, superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles all receive innervation from motoneurons lying among the fibres of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis. All these observations are supported by quantitative data.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Labandeira Garcia JL,Gomez Segade LA,Suarez Nuñez JMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-09-01 00:00:00pages
247-61eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
137 (Pt 2)pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The zebrafish is as an important vertebrate animal model system for studying developmental processes, gene functions and signalling pathways. It is also used as a model system for the understanding of human developmental diseases including those related to the skeleton. However, surprisingly little is known about norm...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12480
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of mRNAs and antigens of tissue type (t) and urokinase type (u) plasminogen activators (PA) plus their corresponding inhibitors, type-1 (PAI-1) and type-2 (PAI-2) were studied in human and rhesus monkey placentae by in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry. Specific monkey cRNA and antibodies aga...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19420183.x
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamate kills neurons by excitotoxicity, which is caused by sustained activation of glutamate receptors. In recent years, it has been shown that glutamate can also be toxic to white matter oligodendrocytes and to myelin by this mechanism. In particular, glutamate receptor-mediated injury to these cells can be trigge...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00733.x
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serial thin sections of the coronal dental pulp of the cat's canine tooth were cut. Parts of the sub-odontoblastic neural plexus were photographed from 100 of the sections. The plexus consists of many slender, predominantly unmyelinated nerve fibres. Many axons are incompletely sheathed by their Schwann cell. Some axo...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proposal that the cytoplasmic granules of glomerular peripolar cells (PPCs) of the adult sheep and lamb contain a kallikrein-like substance has been re-examined. After extensive characterisation and purification of anti-kallikrein antibodies, it was concluded that PPCs do not contain immunohistochemically detectab...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A quantitative comparison of the internal diameters of cerebral feeder arteries (internal carotid and vertebral) and the aorta in developing non-human eutherians, metatherians and monotremes has been made, with the aim of determining if there are differences in cerebral arterial flow between the three infraclasses of ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12422
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study presents, for the first time, sequences of five beta-keratin cDNAs from turtle epidermis obtained by means of 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) analyses. The deduced amino acid sequences correspond to distinct glycine-proline-serine-tyrosine rich proteins containing 122-174 amino acids. In ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01030.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The total number of muscle fibres, as well as the numbers of Type I, Type II and intermediate muscle fibre types, in transverse sections of the pectineus muscles of dogs of 2 and 12 months of age was determined by an indirect fibre counting method. The total nubmers of fibres in all muscles decreased very significantl...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency with which the gonadal arteries follow a recurrent course, upwards and arching over the renal veins before descending to the gonads, is recorded for the South African Negro. The gonadal arteries follow such a course on the left side in 17, 2% and on the right side in 22% of cases. This incidence for arch...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rete testis in the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris galeata) and drake (Anas platyrhynchos) was studied histologically and with both the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. All the birds have rete epithelial cells varyi...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal human kidneys were examined for the presence of granular peripolar cells. The prominent feature of the human peripolar cell was the presence of numerous cytoplasmic membrane-bound granules, which had the appearance of secretory granules. Most of the granules had a homogeneous matrix with no crystalline substruc...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of excess iodine on the development of the thyroid gland of chick embryos was assessed following injections of potassium iodide prior to incubation. Iodide injection resulted in a significantly greater thyroid gland weight (goitre) on Day 18 of incubation and a delay in hatching. Histological studies of th...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it is generally assumed that herbivores have more voluminous body cavities due to larger digestive tracts required for the digestion of plant fiber, this concept has not been addressed quantitatively. We estimated the volume of the torso in 126 terrestrial tetrapods (synapsids including basal synapsids and ma...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12557
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bundles of collagen fibrils, elastic fibres and fibroblasts are organized into a network that lies in the plane of a large portion of the bat wing. By ultrastructural (TEM and SEM) and biochemical analyses it was found that individual bundles of the net are similar to elastic ligaments. Although elastic fibres predomi...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The musculoskeletal configuration of the mammalian pectoral limb has been heralded as a key anatomical feature leading to the adaptive radiation of mammals, but limb function in the non-mammaliaform cynodont outgroup remains unresolved. Conflicting reconstructions of abducted and adducted posture are based on mutually...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12766
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lateral cephalographs from 220 normal adolescent white orthodontic patients, and of individuals with craniofacial dysostosis and oculodento-osseous dysplasia were studied. Variations were observed in the morphology of the posterior margins of the superior articular processes, vertebral artery canals being present in 8...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study has demonstrated that cells stained using the zinc iodide-osmic acid (ZIO) method have the same fine structural features as those of fibroblasts. They have a well developed Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum and many mitochondria. They have no basal lamina. They are distributed in association w...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A quantitative and morphological study was made of the corpus callosum in children to assess possible sex differences. The shape of the splenium of the corpus callosum was observed to vary between bulbous and cylindrical types with respect to the body of the callosum. The variation was not gender-specific and covariat...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an adult skull a pre-interparietal bone was found to be present in two symmetrical pieces on either side of the midline. This is the result of failure of fusion of a third pair of centres with each other on the midline. The possibilities of variations due to non-fusion of various pairs of the centres in the interpa...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultrastructure of the tammar placenta was studied throughout pregnancy. The uterine epithelium grows from a columnar to an enlarged, undulating epithelium between early gestation and mid-gestation when the shell coat that surrounds the marsupial conceptus ruptures. Trophectoderm and uterine epithelium do not form ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00084.x
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early hominins formed large and thick-enamelled cheek-teeth within relatively short growth periods as compared with modern humans. To understand better the developmental basis of this process, we measured daily enamel increments, or cross striations, in 17 molars of Plio-Pleistocene hominins representing seven differe...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00938.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultrastructure of the basal lamina of histologically normal human breast tissue was determined in 19 women undergoing operations for removal of a fibroadenoma or reduction mammoplasty. The day of the menstrual cycle was determined by hormone assay and direct questioning. Previously documented ultrastructural appea...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vascular sympathetic neuroeffector associations have been examined in rat iris arterioles using serial section electron microscopy and reconstruction techniques. Examination of random sections showed that, of all profiles of varicosities (199) seen to lie closer than 4 microns to vascular smooth muscle cells, only a s...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19210045.x
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was carried out on 208 Nigerian bony palates in dried skulls and on 30 palates obtained from Nigerian cadavers. Out of 208 dried skulls examined, there was a unilateral spine in 21.1% of cases, a bilateral spine in 36.5% and a bony canal in 5.7%. Of the dissected palates 30% revealed the presence of an osse...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The behavioral differences in muscle use are related to the fiber type composition of the muscles among other variables. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of heterogeneity in the fiber type composition in the rat temporalis muscle. The temporalis muscle was taken from 10-week-old Wistar strain male rats ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00990.x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peri-gastrulation stage tammar wallaby embryos were cultured for up to 78 h in either Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium or Medium 199, in air/6% CO(2) or 95% O(2)/5% CO(2), and with added fetal calf or wallaby serum. There was little difference between the two media or sera sources, but development was markedly super...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00846.x
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We characterized the architecture, fiber type, titin isoform distribution, and collagen content of 27 portions of 22 muscles in the murine forelimb. The mouse forelimb was different from the human arm in that it had the extensor digitorum lateralis muscle and no brachioradialis muscle. Architecturally, the mouse forel...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01559.x
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Signalling interactions between the polarizing region, which produces SHH, and the apical ectodermal ridge, which produces FGFs, are essential for outgrowth and patterning of vertebrate limbs. However, mechanisms that mediate translation of early positional information of cells into anatomy remain largely unknown. In ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00134.x
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues enables linking to other tissues, and plays a key role in force transmission and tissue structure maintenance in tendons, ligaments, bone and muscle. ECM turnover is influenced by physical activity, and both collagen synthesis and metalloprotease activity increase w...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00549.x
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human beings stand upright with the chain of balance beginning at the feet, progressing to the lower limbs (ankles, knees, hip joints, pelvis), each of the spinal segments, and then ending at the cranium to achieve horizontal gaze and balance using minimum muscle activity. The details of the alignment and balance of t...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12586
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
