Abstract：
:The extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues enables linking to other tissues, and plays a key role in force transmission and tissue structure maintenance in tendons, ligaments, bone and muscle. ECM turnover is influenced by physical activity, and both collagen synthesis and metalloprotease activity increase with mechanical loading. This can be shown by determining propeptide and proteinase activity by microdialysis, as well as by verifying the incorporation of infused stable isotope amino acids in biopsies. Local tissue expression and release of growth factors for ECM such as IGF-1, TGF-beta and IL-6 is enhanced following exercise. For tendons, metabolic activity (e.g. detected by positron emission tomography scanning), circulatory responses (e.g. as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy and dye dilution) and collagen turnover are markedly increased after exercise. Tendon blood flow is regulated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated pathways, and glucose uptake is regulated by specific pathways in tendons that differ from those in skeletal muscle. Chronic loading in the form of physical training leads both to increased collagen turnover as well as to some degree of net collagen synthesis. These changes modify the mechanical properties and the viscoelastic characteristics of the tissue, decrease its stress-susceptibility and probably make it more load-resistant. The mechanical properties of tendon fascicles vary within a given human tendon, and even show gender differences. The latter is supported by findings of gender-related differences in the activation of collagen synthesis with exercise. These findings may provide the basis for understanding tissue overloading and injury in both tendons and skeletal muscle.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Kjaer M,Magnusson P,Krogsgaard M,Boysen Møller J,Olesen J,Heinemeier K,Hansen M,Haraldsson B,Koskinen S,Esmarck B,Langberg Hdoi
10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00549.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-04-01 00:00:00pages
445-50issue
4eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580pii
JOA549journal_volume
208pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Muscle moment arms were measured for major muscles of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) in order to assess specific functional behaviour and to apply this to locomotor performance. Pelvic limbs of six juvenile ostriches were used for this study. The tendon travel technique was used to measure moment ar...
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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