Abstract：
:Over the past two decades the techniques associated with the manipulation of the mouse genome have provided a powerful approach toward the better understanding of gene function. Conventional transgenic and gene targeting approaches have been used extensively, and these techniques have been particularly rewarding for neuroscientists. Nevertheless, the traditional approaches toward genome manipulation have certain limitations that diminish their usefulness for studying more sophisticated biological processes. Therefore, variations to these techniques have recently been developed. The improvements are focused on two areas: one provides regulated control of transgene expression using an inducible expression system; and the other provides the opportunity to inactivate genes in specific cells and at predetermined developmental stages with a conditional gene targeting system. This review summarizes the advantages as well as some of the technical difficulties of these new approaches. The application of these advanced approaches in biomedical research, particularly neuroscience, are also discussed.
journal_name
Neurochem Resjournal_title
Neurochemical researchauthors
Gao X,Kemper A,Popko Bdoi
10.1023/a:1020772706279keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-09-01 00:00:00pages
1181-8issue
9eissn
0364-3190issn
1573-6903journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Autoantibodies to three eukaryotic 60S ribosomal phosphoproteins P0, P1 and P2 have been found in the sera of 10-20% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These antibodies inhibit protein synthesis in vitro and when microinjected into cultured human fibroblasts. The three proteins share a common epitope...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00969925
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal MHC class I proteins have been previously reported to regulate synaptic plasticity. Several reports indicate MHC class I proteins are expressed early during development of the nervous system, suggesting they may also play a role in neuronal development. Using cultured cortical neurons, we show MHC class I pro...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-018-2676-7
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using the immunoblot technique, we found that an incubation of purified human myelin in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.5 resulted in the conversion of the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) to a smaller derivative (dMAG). Exogenously added 5 mM CaCl2 accelerated the conversion of MAG. In buffer containing more than 1...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964509
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During a variety of insults to the brain adenine nucleotides are released in large quantities from damaged cells, triggering multiple cellular responses to injury. Here, we evaluated changes in extracellular ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis at different times (0-24 hours) after unilateral cortical stab injury (CSI) in adul...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-007-9529-0
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fecal incontinence and constipation still remain the major complications after procedures for anorectal malformations (ARMs). Previous studies have demonstrated a decrease of neural cell in lumbosacral spinal cord of ARMs patients and rat models. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, the ne...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-017-2354-1
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system can be modulated by neurosteroids. We previously found that in rat hippocampal slices allopregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one), a positive GABA(A) receptor modulator, suppresses the epileptic discharges induced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-011-0649-1
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of ageing and the relationships between the catalytic properties of enzymes linked to Krebs' cycle, electron transfer chain, glutamate and aminoacid metabolism of cerebral cortex, a functional area very sensitive to both age and ischemia, were studied on mitochondria of adult and aged rats, after complete i...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-009-0004-y
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The participation of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels (VSSC) on the changes on internal (i) Na+, K+, Ca2+, and on DA, Glu, and GABA release caused by different concentrations of 4-AP was investigated in striatum synaptosomes. TTX, which abolished the increase in Na(i) (as determined with SBFI), induced by 0.1 mM 4-AP on...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:nere.0000013737.17288.ce
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2), a protein kinase that phosphorylates its substrates on serine/threonine, is expressed in numerous human tumors, but little is known about its role in the pathophysiology of glioma. In this study, we made an effort to explore the expression and function in human gli...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-017-2345-2
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Presenilins (PSs) are catalytic components of the γ-secretase complex that produces Aβ peptides. Substrates of γ-secretase are membrane-bound protein fragments deriving from the cleavage of extracellular sequence of cell surface proteins. APP-derived γ-secretase substrates are cleaved at gamma (γ) sites to produce Aβ ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11064-013-1003-6
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) was phosphorylated in vivo, in brain slices and in a cell free system. Phosphoamino acid analysis of immunoprecipitated CNP labeled in vivo and in brain slices revealed phosphorylation of phosphoserine (94%) and phosphothreonine (5%) residues. Phosphorylation of CNP in...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00967712
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The p53 tumor suppressor gene is a sequence-specific transcription factor that activates the expression of genes engaged in promoting growth arrest or cell death in response to multiple forms of cellular stress. p53 expression is elevated in damaged neurons in acute models of injury such as ischemia and epilepsy and i...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1021687810103
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uridine, a pyrimidine nucleoside, has been proposed to be a potential signaling molecule in the central nervous system. The understanding of uridine release in the brain is therefore of fundamental importance. The present study was performed to determine the characteristics of basal and morphine-induced uridine releas...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-012-0903-1
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of theophylline (2.5--100 mg/kg p.o.) on cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in brain of Sprague-Dawley rats (0.5--3.0 hr after administration of theophylline) was investigated. It was found that theophylline increases cAMP and cGMP levels when admi...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964436
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent publication of the human genome sequence provides an opportunity both to combat diseases that are presently considered as pharmaceutically intractable and also to improve current therapies for many common human diseases. The identification of every human gene by ongoing bioinformatic efforts has the potenti...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1022349805831
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid and specific method for assaying 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase was developed. The method was based on the selectivity of ion exchange resin and the speed of vacuum filtration. With this new method, the aminotransferase activity in various tissues has been determined as follows: brain, 10.2; s...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964061
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been established that oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells, participate in iron homeostasis through the synthesis and secretion of transferrin. Here we investigated whether a correlation exists between myelination, the commonly studied function of oligodendrocytes, and that of transferrin synthesis and se...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-004-1826-2
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in genes for Alzheimer's disease (AD) result in a modulating of gene expressions in the brains of patients with AD. The aim of this study was to identify genes whose expression is modulated due to the over-expression of human mutant presenilin-2 (N141I) (hPS2m) in transgenic mice, which has previously been p...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-005-6787-6
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ursolic acid (UA) is a plant derived compound which is also a component of the standard human diet. It possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumor, which have been used in folk medicine for centuries. Moreover, influence of UA on central nervo...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-018-2505-z
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol abuse affects several neurological pathways and causes significant alterations in the brain. Abstention from alcohol causes only a marginal decrease in oxidative stress and neuro inflammation. Our previous studies had shown that an active metabolite of vitamin A, all trans retinoic acid (ATRA), ameliorates alc...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-018-2595-7
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway are known to induce a compensatory up-regulation of various neurotrophic factors. In this study we examined protein content of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in tissue samples taken from the ventral midbrain and striatum at two different time points following a neurotoxic l...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-009-0093-7
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several previous studies utilizing selective pharmacological antagonists have demonstrated that type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5) are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of numerous disorders of the central nervous system, but the role of mGluR5 activation in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-011-0691-z
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The synaptic glutamate level homeostasis is mainly maintained by the astrocytes membrane bound glutamate transporter type-1 (GLT-1/EAAT2). Alterations in its expression during development and aging and the underlying mechanisms are not well studied. Here, we report that NF-κB interaction was highest in both cerebral a...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-013-1200-3
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) were measured in primary cultures from newborn rat cultivated from 6 different brain regions. These primary cultures contained mostly astroglial cells, evaluated by the presence of the glial...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00967658
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression afflicts more than 300 million people worldwide, but there is currently no universally effective drug in clinical practice. In this study, chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced mice depression model was used to study the antidepressant effects of resveratrol and its mechanism. Our results showed that resve...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-020-03200-1
更新日期：2021-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath (MPNST) cell lines derived from patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF!) were found to have basal cAMP levels which are two-fold higher than cAMP levels in normal human adult Schwann cells (nHSC). PCR analysis also revealed that normal adult human Schwann cells express mRNA for ty...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-011-0433-2
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of the enkephalin dimer [D-Ala2, Leu5-NH-CH2-]2 (DPE2) is characterized by its high affinity for receptors on NG108-15 hybrid cells, the affinity constant K = 4.7 X 10(9) M-1 is up to 8-fold that of monomers (0.6 to 1.0 X 10(9) M-1), and a maximal binding capacity equal to one half that of the monomers. Ki...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965208
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the distribution of serotonin (5-HT) receptors of type 3 (5-HT3) in human brain areas, by means of the the specific binding of [3H]GR65630. The brains were obtained during autoptic sessions from 6 subjects. Human brain membranes and the binding of [3H]GR65630 were carried out according to standardized ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010939530412
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excitotoxicity has been associated with the loss of medium spiny neurons (MSN) in Huntington's disease (HD). We have previously observed that the content of the glial glutamate transporters, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), diminishes in R6/2 mice at 14 weeks of age but not ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-010-0168-5
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A very large body of evidence from in vivo studies has been accumulated on a link between the change of energy and cell survival/apoptosis. Using an in vitro ischemia model, we have previously shown that ischemia could induce apoptosis in astrocytes. In this study, we utilized the same in vitro model to investigate ch...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1021691112190
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
