Abstract：
:A great interindividual variability exists in biological response to drugs. This variability is partly attributable to pharmacodynamic factors (drug - receptor interactions) and partly to pharmacokinetic factors. Drugs can be eliminated from the body by renal clearance, metabolism or both. Although every tissue has some ability to metabolise xenobiotics like drugs, the liver is the principal organ of biotransformation. Major metabolising enzymes are the cytochrome-P450 mono-oxygenases, epoxide hydrolase, glucuronosyl-transferase, acetyl-transferase, sulfo-transferase and xanthine oxidase. Some of these enzymes display in a subset of subjects a 'normal' activity and in another subset of subjects a reduced or a greatly increased activity. This altered activity may be genetically determined and is then called genetic polymorphism. Clinically relevant metabolic differences traditionally have been defined by their genotypie expression such as 'poor' and 'extensive' metaboliser. The recent developments of powerful methods for DNA (or genomic) analysis portends a revolutionary expansion of our understanding of physiology as well as pathology. Pharmacogenetics is the study of genetic variation underlying differential response to drugs. Genotyping may become a useful tool in optimising drug treatment. Another part of the genetic research is directed towards the discovery of genetic alterations leading to diseases. Once identified, these genetic alterations can become targets for drug treatment (e.g. gene therapy). Pharmaco-genomics applies the large-scale systematic approaches of genomics to speed the discovery of drug response markers, whether they act at the level of the drug target, drug metabolism or disease pathway. Table I gives some examples of genetic alterations that are identified together with their effects. Some of these examples will be briefly discussed here.
journal_name
Acta Neuropsychiatrjournal_title
Acta neuropsychiatricaauthors
Touw DJdoi
10.1017/S092427080003622Xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-06-01 00:00:00pages
77-9issue
2eissn
0924-2708issn
1601-5215pii
S092427080003622Xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Objective This study explored the utility of the Health Belief Models (HBM) in explaining medication adherence in subjects with severe affective disorders. Method Well established measuring instruments, with confirmed reliability and validity, were used to assess each component of two HBMs and adherence with mood stab...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0924270800035584
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION AND AIM:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased medical morbidity, particularly from the autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Changes in the endocrine and immune system are key mediators in this process. The aim of our study was to investigate weather hormones (cortisol and pro...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0924270800032725
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Disturbances in the noradrenergic system, including alterations in the densities of α2-adrenoceptors, are posited to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. In this study, we investigate the binding of α2-adrenoceptors in regions relevant to depression in an animal model of depression. METHODS:Usi...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/neu.2015.24
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland mainly during the night. The discovery that this melatonin secretion decreases under the influence of bright light, gave rise to the use of light therapy in some affective disorders. The literature on the relationship between melatonin secretion and mood is reviewed ...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0924270800037376
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Female patients with anorexia nervosa differ significantly from the control women in various dimensions of personality. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the personality dimensions measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in adolescent patients with restrictive-type and bulimic/purging-type anorex...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0924-2708.2004.00073.x
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the current study was to examine whether and to what extent mood disorders, comprising major depression and bipolar disorder, are accompanied by structural changes in the brain as measured using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS:We performed a VBM study using a 3Т MRI system (GE Discovery 750...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/neu.2019.20
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the involvement of nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in schizophrenia-like behaviour in young animals exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA). METHODS:To this aim, on the 15th gestational day, the females received an injection of lipopolysaccharides. Whe...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/neu.2020.27
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:There is clear evidence of a genetic component in major depression, and several studies indicate that neuropeptide Y (NPY) could play an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease. A well-known polymorphism encoding the substitution of leucine to proline in the signal peptide sequence of NPY (Leu7Pr...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00600.x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:ConstaTRE is an open-label, randomised, controlled, relapse prevention trial in patients with stable schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder switched to risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) or oral quetiapine, and was designed to test the hypothesis that injectable antipsychotic treatment with risperid...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/neu.2013.7
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depressive syndromes are a group of heterogeneous disorders. Atypical depression (AD) with reversed vegetative signs, such as hyperphagia or hypersomnia, is traditionally neglected, demonstrated by the fact that in the most widely used depression scales, such as the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), melancholic sympto...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1601-5215.2003.00029.x
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A huge number of natural and synthetic compounds modulate the function of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA-R) by interacting with several allosteric binding sites which may differ in the various GABAA-R subtypes. The benzodiazepine receptor (BDZ-R) is the most intensively studied allosteric site. It is t...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0924270800035778
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to report the frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in 22 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), as well as whether the seropositivity for autoantibodies differs between anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) positive and AQP4 negative NMO patients. METHODS:Demographic, medical r...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/neu.2016.49
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Physical hyperactivity has often been described in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients but up until now in-depth research has been scarce. Experience sampling methodology (ESM), a structured diary technique assessing momentary mental state at random times during the day, may be useful in studying hyperactivity in...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0924-2708.2006.00121.x
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND: Yoga therapy (YT) improves cognitive function in healthy individuals, but its impact on cognitive function among persons with schizophrenia (SZ) has not been investigated. AIMS: Evaluate adjunctive YT for cognitive domains impaired in SZ. METHODS: Patients with SZ received YT or treatment as usual (TAU; ...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00587.x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to analyse demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as psychiatric diagnoses to identify gender differences in patients with attempted suicide in a Mexican population. METHODS:Between September 2010 and September 2012, 140 suicide attempts were documented in the Depa...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/neu.2015.6
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recognition memory dysfunction has been frequently reported in schizophrenic populations, and has been linked with the development of delusions and thought disorder. A range of neuropsychological abnormalities have also been documented in the biological asymptomatic relatives of patients with schizophrenia; ...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1601-5215.2003.00044.x
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Psychometric research in the field of alcohol dependence has concentrated on identifying certain (personality) characteristics (i.e. typologies). This paper is aimed to identify such typologies and studies the relation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and Cloninger's temperament-c...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00188.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The differentiation between a 'non-organic' depressive episode and an organic depressive disorder on the basis of clinical grounds might be challenging. METHODS:We report a case with an initially typical severe depressive episode without any focal neurological deficits. RESULTS:Only medical history from a t...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/neu.2013.19
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite various studies, supportive evidence for the efficacy of exercise in treatment of mental illness is still weak. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to compare two forms of exercise, namely running therapy (RT) and physiotraining therapy (PT), on stationary devices. METHODS:Patients in a day treatme...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-5215.2006.00115.x
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies on the determinants of the quality of life (QOL) after stroke bring differing results depending on the applied concept of QOL. This may lead to confusion about the contribution of various factors to the post-stroke QOL. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was: (i) to investigate functional and psychologi...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.140504.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Schizophrenia is consistently associated with lower IQ compared to the IQ of control groups, or estimated premorbid IQ. It is not likely that the IQ scores deteriorate during the prodromal phase or first psychotic episode; they are already present before the onset of the prodromal phase and have been detecte...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.140302.x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) displays high co-morbidity with major depression and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Earlier work demonstrated exaggerated depressive-like symptoms in a gene×environment model of TRD and an abrogated response to imipramine. We extended the investigation by studying ...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/neu.2016.50
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biological schizophrenia research has been dominated by the dopamine hypothesis for decades, but in recent years a more diversified view has gained increasing attention. Several neurotransmitters are now being discussed, and especially their interaction in complex circuitries. The demonstration of an atypical profile ...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0924270800036838
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The FATIMA study (FAst TItration of quetiapine fumarate in bipolar I MAnia) evaluated the safety, tolerability and efficacy of a rapid dose escalation of quetiapine in acutely ill bipolar I patients experiencing a manic episode. METHODS:In an open-label, phase II pilot study, 29 patients aged 18 years or old...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-5215.2009.00378.x
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Schizoaffective disorder is a disease with both affective and psychotic symptoms. In this study, we aimed to compare oxidative metabolism markers of schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenic patients. Furthermore, we also aimed to investigate whether schizoaffective disorder could be differ...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/neu.2013.44
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this first part of a review on recent insights into the structure and function of the γ-aminobuty rie acid type A - benzodiazepine receptor system, the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor and the different types of benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptors known at this moment are dicussed. GABAA- and BDZ receptors ar...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0924270800037078
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We investigated whether the nitric oxide (NO) precursor, L-arginine, can prevent the antidepressant-like action of the fast-acting antidepressant, ketamine, in a genetic rat model of depression, and/or induce changes in the glutamate (Glu)/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)/NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphat...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/neu.2014.39
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity patients diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as adults. METHODS:Interviews about current ADHD symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity on axis I and II (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I and axis II) were conduc...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-5215.2012.00682.x
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sleep disorders are widespread among patients with schizophrenia and contribute to adverse clinical outcomes. Antipsychotic drugs exert varying effects on sleep, and the effects of atypical agents may differ from those of conventional neuroleptics. OBJECTIVE:To review the literature on the effects of atypic...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0924-2708.2004.00103.x
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is associated with the administration of antipsychotic agents and other drugs such as l-dopa, antidepressants, and antihistaminic agents. Unexpected changes in mental status, new-onset catatonia, episodic tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, dysarthria, dysphagia, diaphoresis, sia...
journal_title：Acta neuropsychiatrica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0924-2708.2004.00085.x
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
