Abstract:
:This article reports the changing pattern of US President's Malaria Initiative-funded IRS in sub-Saharan Africa between 2008 and 2015. IRS coverage in sub-Saharan Africa increased from <2 % of the at-risk population in 2005, to 11 % or 78 million people in 2010, mainly as a result of increased funding from PMI. The scaling up of IRS coverage in sub-Saharan Africa has been successful in several epidemiological settings and contributed to reduced malaria transmission rates. However, the spread and intensification of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors led many control programmes to spray alternative insecticides. Between 2009 and 2013, pyrethroid spraying decreased from 87 % (13/15) of PMI-funded countries conducting IRS to 44 % (7/16), while bendiocarb use increased from 7 % (1/15) to 56 % (9/16). Long-lasting pirimiphos-methyl CS received WHOPES recommendation in 2013 and was scheduled to be sprayed in 85 % (11/13) of PMI-funded countries conducting IRS in 2015. The gradual replacement of relatively inexpensive pyrethroids, firstly with bendiocarb (carbamate) and subsequently with pirimiphos methyl CS (organophosphate), has contributed to the downscaling of most PMI-funded IRS programmes. Overall, there was a 53 % decrease in the number of structures sprayed between years of peak coverage and 2015, down from 9.04 million to 4.26 million structures. Sizeable reductions in the number of structures sprayed were reported in Madagascar (56 %, 576,320-254,986), Senegal (64 %, 306,916-111,201), Tanzania (68 %, 1,224,095-389,714) and Zambia (63 %, 1,300,000-482,077), while in Angola, Liberia and Malawi PMI-funded spraying was suspended. The most commonly cited reason was increased cost of pesticides, as vector resistance necessitated switching from pyrethroids to organophosphates. There are worrying preliminary reports of malaria resurgence following IRS withdrawal in parts of Benin, Tanzania and Uganda. The increase in malaria cases following the end of the Global Malaria Eradication Programme in 1969 highlights the fragility of such gains when control efforts are weakened. At present there are several countries reliant on organophosphates and carbamates for IRS, and increasing incipient resistance is a serious threat that could result in IRS no longer being viable. A portfolio of new cost-effective insecticides with different modes of action is urgently needed.
journal_name
Malar Jjournal_title
Malaria journalauthors
Oxborough RMdoi
10.1186/s12936-016-1201-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-08 00:00:00pages
146issn
1475-2875pii
10.1186/s12936-016-1201-1journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
MALARIA JOURNAL文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:The Duffy-binding protein II of Plasmodium vivax (PvDBPII) has been considered as an attractive target for vaccine-mediated immunity despite a possible highly polymorphic nature. Among seven PvDBP domains, domain II has been shown to exhibit a high rate of nonsynonymous polymorphism, which has been suggested...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-112
更新日期:2008-06-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:When discussing the relationship between meteorological factors and malaria, previous studies mainly focus on the interaction between different climatic factors, while the possible interaction within one particular climatic predictor at different lag periods has been largely neglected. In this study, this is...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1706-2
更新日期:2017-01-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria is reportedly receding in different epidemiological settings, but local long-term surveys are limited. At Mlomp dispensary in south-western Senegal, an area of moderate malaria transmission, year-round, clinically-suspected malaria was treated with monotherapy as per WHO and national policy in the 19...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-203
更新日期:2011-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (SDX/PYR) combination had been chosen to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Malaysia for more than 30 years. Non-silent mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes are responsible for the resistance to pyrimethamine and sulphadox...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-445
更新日期:2013-12-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Control of mosquitoes that transmit malaria has been the mainstay in the fight against the disease, but alternative methods are required in view of emerging insecticide resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi are candidate alternatives, but to date, few trials have translated the use of these agents to field-base...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-87
更新日期:2012-03-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Described here is the first population genetic study of Plasmodium malariae, the causative agent of quartan malaria. Although not as deadly as Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae is more common than previously thought, and is frequently in sympatry and co-infection with P. falciparum, making its study increas...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-38
更新日期:2011-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) have been shown to be efficacious in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality in many regions. Unfortunately in some areas, malaria has persisted despite the scale up of ITNs. Recent reports indicate that human behaviour and mosquito behaviour are potential threats to the e...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1575-0
更新日期:2016-11-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria is a potentially lethal illness for which preventive measures are not optimally used among all travellers. Travellers visiting friends and relatives in their country of origin (VFRs) are known to use chemoprophylaxis less consistently compared to tourist travellers. In this study, factors explaining ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-360
更新日期:2013-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Following publication of the original article [1], one of the authors has highlighted an xml-related discrepancy concerning the author group titled 'Additional Tracking Resistance to Artemisinin Collaboration authors (TRAC Group Authorship)', listed under the Acknowledgements section. ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2464-5
更新日期:2018-09-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a significant problem around the world today, thus there is still a need for new control methods to be developed. Because the sporozoite displays dual infectivity for both the mosquito salivary glands and vertebrate host tissue, it is a good target for vaccine development. M...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-80
更新日期:2012-03-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria in pregnancy is associated with immunological abnormalities in the newborns, such as hampered T-helper 1 responses and increased T-regulatory responses, while the effect of maternal Plasmodium falciparum infection on foetal innate immunity is still controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The immunophen...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-251
更新日期:2009-11-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Public health pesticides has been the mainstay control of vectors of malaria and other diseases, and public health pests, but there is increasing concern over how these pesticides are being managed. Poor pesticide management could lead to risks to human health and the environment, or diminish the effectivene...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-368
更新日期:2014-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::The general paradigm that emerges from the analysis of the transcriptome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is that the expression clusters of genes that code for enzymes engaged in the same cellular function is coordinated. Here the consistency of this perception is examined by analysing specific pathways ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-17
更新日期:2005-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The close relationship between vector-borne diseases and their environment is well documented, especially for diseases with water-dependent vectors such as avian malaria. Mosquitoes are the primary vectors of avian malaria and also the definitive hosts in the disease life cycle. Factors pertinent to mosquito...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-370
更新日期:2013-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::In the 2010 second edition of WHO's guidelines for the treatment of malaria, the relatively new fixed dose combination dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is included as one of the recommended artemisinin combination therapies. However, experimental testing demonstrates that, due to its intrinsic chemical instability, dihy...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-212
更新日期:2010-07-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:After the decrease in clinical malaria incidence observed in Mozambique until 2009, a steady resurgence of cases per year has been reported nationally, reaching alarming levels in 2014. However, little is known about the clinical profile of the cases presented, or the possible epidemiological factors contrib...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1496-y
更新日期:2016-08-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Approximately 50 million people (60 %) live in malaria risk areas in Ethiopia, at altitudes below 2000 m. According to official data, 60-70 % of malaria cases are due to Plasmodium falciparum, and 40-30 % by Plasmodium vivax. The species Plasmodium ovale was detected in 2013 in the northwest of the country, ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0893-y
更新日期:2015-09-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Monitoring and evaluation of malaria programmes may require a combination of approaches to detect any effects of control. This is particularly true at lower transmission levels where detecting both infection and exposure to infection will provide additional evidence of any change. This paper describes use of...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0944-4
更新日期:2015-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program has supported three household Malaria Indicator Surveys (MIS) in Madagascar. The results of 13 key malaria indicators from these surveys have been mapped as continuous surfaces using model-based geostatistical methods. The opportunities and limitations of these mapped o...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-019-2729-7
更新日期:2019-03-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The number of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases around the world has decreased substantially over the last 15 years, but with the spread of resistance against anti-malarial drugs and insecticides, this decline may not continue. There is an urgent need to consider alternative, accelerated strategies to elim...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2130-3
更新日期:2017-11-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) is currently the recommended regimen for prevention of malaria in pregnancy in endemic areas. This study sets out to evaluate the effectiveness of IPT-SP in the prevention of maternal and placental malaria in parturient mothers in Iba...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-88
更新日期:2007-07-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The epidemiological control of malaria has been hampered by the appearance of parasite resistance to anti-malarial drugs and by the resistance of mosquito vectors to control measures. This has also been associated with weak transmission control, mostly due to poor control of asymptomatic patients associated ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-3142-y
更新日期:2020-02-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) has been in use for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Malaysia since the 1970s and is still widely employed in spite of widespread clinical resistance. Resistance to SP is known to be mediated by mutations in the pfdhfr and pfdhps genes. The aim of the prese...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-198
更新日期:2013-06-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The erythrocytic stage, where malaria parasites proliferate in human blood, is clinically significant as this causes the symptoms and illness of malaria. Experimental rodent models of malaria at the erythrocytic stage are used for the development of anti-malarial drugs and for biological analysis. An automat...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2313-6
更新日期:2018-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Private sector availability and use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) lags behind the public sector in Kenya. Increasing channels through which quality malaria diagnostic services are available can improve access to testing and help meet the target of universal diagnostic testing. Registered pharmacie...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2267-8
更新日期:2018-03-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In a recent trial of artemisinin-naphthoquine (artemisinin-NQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AM-LM) therapy in young children from Papua New Guinea (PNG), there were no treatment failures in artemisinin-NQ-treated children with Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax compared with 2.2% and 30.0%, respective...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0624-4
更新日期:2015-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With the dramatic increase in international travel among Chinese people, the risk of malaria importation from malaria-endemic regions threatens the achievement of the malaria elimination goal of China. METHODS:Epidemiological investigations of all imported malaria cases were conducted in nine provinces of C...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1188-7
更新日期:2016-03-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria caused by Plasmodium ovale spp. has been neglected by and large from research and has received only little scientific attention during the past decades. Ovale malaria is considered to feature relapses by liver hypnozoites although scientific evidence for this paradigm is scarce. CASE PRESENTATION:He...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2226-4
更新日期:2018-02-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plasmodium vivax is very rarely seen in West Africa, although specific detection methods are not widely applied in the region, and it is now considered to be absent from North Africa. However, this parasite species has recently been reported to account for most malaria cases in Nouakchott, the capital of Mau...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1118-8
更新日期:2016-02-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) detect Plasmodium falciparum and an antigen common to the four species. Plasmodium vivax-specific RDTs target P. vivax-specific parasite lactate dehydrogenase (Pv-pLDH). Previous observations of false positive Pv-pLDH test lines in P. falciparum samples incited to t...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-198
更新日期:2010-07-10 00:00:00