Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Monitoring and evaluation of malaria programmes may require a combination of approaches to detect any effects of control. This is particularly true at lower transmission levels where detecting both infection and exposure to infection will provide additional evidence of any change. This paper describes use of three transmission metrics to explore the malaria epidemiology in the highlands of western Kenya. METHODS:A malariometric survey was conducted in June 2009 in two highland districts, Kisii and Rachuonyo South, Nyanza Province, Kenya using a cluster design. Enumeration areas were used to sample 46 clusters from which 12 compounds were randomly sampled. Individuals provided a finger-blood sample to assess malaria infection (rapid diagnostic test, PCR) and exposure (anti-Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 antibodies) and a questionnaire was administered to record household factors and assess use of vector control interventions. RESULTS:Malaria prevalence infection rates were 3.0 % (95 % CI 2.2-4.2 %) by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and 8.5 % (95 % CI 7.0-10.4 %) by PCR and these ranged from 0-13.1 to 0-14.8 % between clusters for RDT and PCR, respectively. Seroprevalence was 36.8 % (95 % CI 33.9-39.8) ranging from 18.6 to 65.8 %. Both RDT and PCR prevalences were highest in children aged 5-10 years but the proportion of infections that were sub-patent was highest in those between 15 and 20 years of age (78.1 %, 95 % CI 63.0-93.3 %) and those greater than 20 years (73.3 %, 95 % CI 64.5-81.9 %). Those reporting both indoor residual spraying (IRS) in their home and use of bed nets had lower exposure to malaria compared to those who reported using IRS or bed nets alone. CONCLUSIONS:In this highland site in western Kenya malaria transmission was low, but highly heterogeneous. To accurately characterize the true extent of malaria transmission, more sensitive and complementary metrics such as PCR or serology are required in addition to the standard microscopy and/or RDTs that are routinely used. This is likely to be the case in other low endemicity settings.
journal_name
Malar Jjournal_title
Malaria journalauthors
Stevenson JC,Stresman GH,Baidjoe A,Okoth A,Oriango R,Owaga C,Marube E,Bousema T,Cox J,Drakeley Cdoi
10.1186/s12936-015-0944-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-26 00:00:00pages
418issn
1475-2875pii
10.1186/s12936-015-0944-4journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
MALARIA JOURNAL文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:In Uganda, over half of under-five child mortality is attributed to three infectious diseases: malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea. Integrated community case management (iCCM) trains village health workers (VHWs) to provide in-home diagnosis and treatment of these common childhood illnesses. For severely ill ch...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1300-z
更新日期:2016-04-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Surveillance for drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum should be a component of malaria control programmes. Real-time PCR methods for the detection of parasite single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene amplification could be useful survellance tools. METHODS:A real-time PCR assay has been developed tha...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-3-9
更新日期:2004-05-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Public health pesticides has been the mainstay control of vectors of malaria and other diseases, and public health pests, but there is increasing concern over how these pesticides are being managed. Poor pesticide management could lead to risks to human health and the environment, or diminish the effectivene...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-368
更新日期:2014-09-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Knowledge of the ecological differences between the molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae and their sibling species, An. arabiensis might lead to understanding their unique contribution to disease transmission and to better vector control as well as to understanding the evolutionary forces that have separated...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-5-19
更新日期:2006-03-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinins threatens to undermine the effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination anti-malarial therapy. Developing suitable drugs to replace artemisinins requires the identification of new compounds that display rapid parasite killing kinetics. Howev...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0962-2
更新日期:2015-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Recent WHO guidelines recommend a universal "test and treat" strategy for malaria, mainly by use of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in all areas. The evidence for this approach is questioned here as there is a risk of over-reliance on parasitological diagnosis in high transmission situations, which still exist. In such ar...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-136
更新日期:2011-05-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The diversity and abundance of Anopheles larvae has significant influence on the resulting adult mosquito population and hence the dynamics of malaria transmission. Studies were conducted to examine larval habitat dynamics and ecological factors affecting survivorship of aquatic stages of malaria vectors in ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-228
更新日期:2010-08-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent whole cell in vitro screening campaigns identified thousands of compounds that are active against asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum at submicromolar concentrations. These hits have been made available to the public, providing many novel chemical starting points for anti-malarial drug disco...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-424
更新日期:2013-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many recent studies have examined the impact of urbanization on Plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity and found a general trend of reduced transmission in urban areas. However, none has examined the effect of urbanization on Plasmodium vivax malaria, which is the most widely distributed malaria species an...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-403
更新日期:2012-12-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria in pregnancy is associated with immunological abnormalities in the newborns, such as hampered T-helper 1 responses and increased T-regulatory responses, while the effect of maternal Plasmodium falciparum infection on foetal innate immunity is still controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The immunophen...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-251
更新日期:2009-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Natural compounds, mostly from plants, have been the mainstay of traditional medicine for thousands of years. They have also been the source of lead compounds for modern medicine, but the extent of mining of natural compounds for such leads decreased during the second half of the 20th century. The advantage of natural...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-S1-S1
更新日期:2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (SDX/PYR) combination had been chosen to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Malaysia for more than 30 years. Non-silent mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes are responsible for the resistance to pyrimethamine and sulphadox...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-445
更新日期:2013-12-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In south-eastern Senegal, malaria and onchocerciasis are co-endemic. Onchocerciasis in this region has been controlled by once or twice yearly mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin (IVM) for over fifteen years. Since laboratory-raised Anopheles gambiae s.s. are susceptible to ivermectin at concentra...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-365
更新日期:2010-12-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria elimination efforts can be undermined by imported malaria infections. Imported infections are classified based on travel history. METHODS:A genetic strategy was applied to better understand the contribution of imported infections and to test for local transmission in the very low prevalence region o...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03346-x
更新日期:2020-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effectiveness of malaria prevention with long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying is limited by emerging insecticide resistance, evasive mosquito behaviours that include outdoor biting, sub-optimal implementation and inappropriate use. New vector control interventions are required and ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2056-9
更新日期:2017-10-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Within the context of combined interventions, malaria vaccine may provide additional value in malaria prevention. Stakeholders' perspectives are thus critical for informed recommendation of the vaccine in Tanzania. This paper presents the views of stakeholders with regards to malaria vaccine in 12 Tanzanian ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1209-6
更新日期:2016-04-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Passerine birds are frequently infected with diverse haemosporidian parasites. While infections are traditionally considered benign in wild birds, recent studies demonstrated mortalities of passerine species due to exo-erythrocytic development of the parasites, which can damage organs in affected hosts. Howe...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-3147-6
更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria the first causes of death from parasitic infection worldwide. Interventions to reduce the burden of malaria have produced a tremendous drop in malaria morbidity and mortality. However, progress is slower in DRC, which shares with Nigeria 39% of deaths related to malaria globally. Inappropriate use of...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2332-3
更新日期:2018-05-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 transporter, PfMDR1, contains five amino acid polymorphisms that are suggested to be involved in altered drug transport from the parasite's cytosol into the digestive vacuole (DV). Transport of a substrate into another intracellular compartment influences drug...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0791-3
更新日期:2015-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria and schistosomiasis are endemic and co-exist in the same geographic areas, even co-infecting the same host. Previous studies have reported that concomitant infection with Schistosoma japonicum could offer protection against experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in mice. This study was performed to eval...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-116
更新日期:2014-03-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Autoregressive regression coefficients for Anopheles arabiensis aquatic habitat models are usually assessed using global error techniques and are reported as error covariance matrices. A global statistic, however, will summarize error estimates from multiple habitat locations. This makes it difficult to iden...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-216
更新日期:2009-09-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Due to the development of resistance to synthetic insecticides, adverse effects to human health, non-target organisms and the environment, there is an urgent need to develop new insecticides, which are effective, safe, biodegrable and target-specific. This study was undertaken to evaluate the adulticidal act...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-173
更新日期:2014-05-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Isolation of a concentrated, living preparation of malarial parasite-infected red blood cells (PRBCs) that have low contamination of white blood cells (WBCs) facilitates research on the molecular, biochemical and immunological aspects of malarial parasites. This is currently carried out by a two-step method,...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-3-7
更新日期:2004-03-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chloroquine has been the treatment of choice for acute vivax malaria for more than 60 years. Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax has recently shown resistance to chloroquine in some places. This study compared the efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination (FDC) of arterolane maleate and piperaquine phosph...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1084-1
更新日期:2016-01-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Over the past several years, thousands of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in the genomes of various insects through cloning and sequencing or even by computational prediction. However, the number of miRNAs identified in anopheline species is low and little is known about their role. The mosquito Anop...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1591-0
更新日期:2016-11-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Over the past 15 years, mortality and morbidity due to malaria have been reduced substantially in sub-Saharan Africa and local elimination has been achieved in some settings. This study addresses the bio-ecology of larval and adult stages of malaria vectors, Plasmodium infection in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1230-9
更新日期:2016-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rapid diagnosis and correct treatment of cases are the main objectives of control programs in malaria-endemic areas. METHODS AND RESULTS:To evaluate these criteria and in a comparative study, blood specimens were collected from 120 volunteers seeking care at the Malaria Health Center in Chahbahar district. ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-1-2
更新日期:2002-02-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported infections have the potential to instigate local transmission and sustain local parasite reservoirs. METHODS:Travel histories from Swaziland's routine surv...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2004-8
更新日期:2017-09-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Within the context of increasing antimalarial costs and or decreasing malaria transmission, the importance of limiting antimalarial treatment to only those confirmed as having malaria parasites becomes paramount. This motivates for this assessment of the cost-effectiveness of routine use of rapid diagnostic ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-176
更新日期:2008-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As South Africa strives to achieve malaria elimination by 2018 (zero local cases) the country needs to strengthen its disease surveillance system by reducing the timeliness from case diagnosis to notification of key stakeholders in the malaria programme. This study evaluated the feasibility of a 24-h mobile ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2451-x
更新日期:2018-08-23 00:00:00