Abstract：
:Mechanisms and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in 50 ceftazidime resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae was studied. These strains were selected from 1991 E. coli, 1035 Enterobacter spp., 168 Citrobacter spp. and 1371 Klebsiella spp., isolated from patients hospitalized in ICUs and in the pediatric and urology departments of six hospitals in Bratislava during the years 1994-1996. The selected strains expressed the resistance not only to ceftazidime (50/50) but also to ampicillin (50/50), ceftriaxone (50/50), cefotaxime (49/50) and cefoxitin (45/50). The mechanism of resistance in all 50 strains was the production of beta-lactamases by conjugation, using either ceftazidime or cefotaxime for the selection of transconjugants and by isolation of R-plasmids ranging from to 55-87 kb from donor strains and from transconjugants. A total of 21 isolates possessed chromosomally encoded resistance and 25 clinical isolates and their transconjugants expressed ESBL sensitive to clavulanate. Selected E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates expressed the presence of TEM and SHV enzymes determined by isoelectric focusing. The possible trends in the development of antimicrobial resistance in Slovakia in the future are indicated.
journal_name
Int J Antimicrob Agentsjournal_title
International journal of antimicrobial agentsauthors
Bujdáková H,Lausová A,Jankovicová S,Prodinger WM,Kallová J,Milosovic P,Kettner Mdoi
10.1016/s0924-8579(98)00027-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-05-01 00:00:00pages
135-41issue
2eissn
0924-8579issn
1872-7913pii
S0924857998000272journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem worldwide, but marked variations in the resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens are found between countries and in different patient settings, especially in Asia. In Taiwan, the strikingly high prevalence of resistance to macrolides and streptogramins in clinical i...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0924-8579(08)70023-2
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biofilm production in Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important virulence factor that is mediated by the expression of the icaADBC operon. In this study 41 S. epidermidis isolates obtained from catheter-related urinary tract infections were analyzed for the presence of the icaADBC operon and biofilm formation. Eighte...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00101-2
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary objective of the MYSTIC study is to monitor the performance of meropenem over a period of at least 3 years during which this carbapenem is prescribed in different hospital units thus allowing profiles to be established within individual hospitals. Monitoring is being carried out by assessing the antibiotic...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(99)00115-6
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New initiatives have been introduced in Europe and the USA to encourage more rapid development of antibiotics. The need to ensure these new antibiotics can be safely used in children, and especially neonates, is important owing to high antimicrobial resistance in these patient groups. This review aims to determine wha...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.05.001
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a worldwide important pathogen in nosocomial infections. To investigate the extent of the problem in Taiwan, analysis for the period of 1981-1994 was carried out of prospective surveillance data from the National Taiwan University Hospital, a major university teach...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(96)00360-3
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mutant prevention concentration (MPC) was determined by population analysis using six fluoroquinolone-susceptible isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa applied to fluoroquinolone-containing agar plates. The MPCs were 3 mg/L and 9.5 mg/L for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. At high concentrations of eithe...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.10.005
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fifteen carbapenem-non-susceptible Escherichia coli isolates obtained during the period May 2010 to April 2011 in a hospital and a long-term care facility (LTCF) in Larissa (Central Greece) were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to various antimicrobial agents were determined by Etest. Carriage of...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.11.003
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of bloodstream infections remains a significant challenge, with persisting high mortality and morbidity. To optimize antimicrobial therapy, the clinician must possess knowledge of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of commonly used antimicrobials, and how these parameters may be affected ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0924-8579(09)70568-0
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Demonstration of efflux of ethidium bromide (EtBr) has been made for over 30 bacterial species, usually by showing enhanced efflux in multidrug-resistant strains that was then abolished by inactivating efflux pumps. Here we present a relatively simple automated method that employs EtBr as an efflux pump substrate for ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.12.015
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chequerboard technique was used to look for synergistic combinations of ceftazidime, imipenem and pefloxacin. The synergistic combinations were used in vivo in mice experimentally infected with Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro ceftazidime/imipenem, ceftazidime/pefloxaci...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(03)00127-4
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two hundred and twenty-eight episodes of infective endocarditis in adult patients (mean age 36 years) were reviewed retrospectively. There were 183 episodes (80%) of native valve, 15 (7%) early prosthetic valve and 30 (13%) late prosthetic valve endocarditis. The most common predisposing factor was rheumatic valvular ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00344-2
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutants with oxazolidinone MICs, 2- to 16-fold higher than those of parents, were selected from two of five clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis during exposure to AZD2563, but only at frequencies of ca. 10(-8). Resistance was not selected in Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus or coagulase-negative stap...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.06.004
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae collected over the first 4 years of the PROTEKT study were tested for susceptibility to penicillin, azithromycin and telithromycin. A total of 20,750 isolates were collected from 39 countries. Penicillin non-susceptibility rates were stable over the study period; overall, 21.8% of ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.04.022
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies have demonstrated that sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antimicrobial agents can inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. However, the mechanisms by which antimicrobial agents at sub-MICs inhibit biofilm formation remain unclear. At present, most studies are focused on Gram-negative bacteri...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.01.009
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are common and range in severity from minor, self-limiting, superficial infections to life-threatening diseases requiring all the resources of modern medicine. The classification of SSTIs can be based on the anatomical site, clinical severity or microbial cause, but some classif...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0924-8579(09)70541-2
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Escherichia coli O25b-B2-ST131 isolates harbouring bla(CTX-M-15) are distributed worldwide. The bla(CTX-M-15) transposition unit has often been found on plasmids and the genetic contexts have been examined; however, less is known about the frequency and contexts of the bla(CTX-M-15) transposition unit on the chromosom...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.08.005
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Norvancomycin is an antibiotic that has been approved for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria and has been used in China for more than a decade. However, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration of norvancomycin has not been evaluated. The aims of the study were (i) to in...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.014
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrolides have been reported to modify the host immune and inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the in vitro effect of the macrolides tilmicosin and tylosin, which are only used in the veterinary clinic, on the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and cytokines by lipo...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.12.010
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Other researchers have found that diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is effective treatment for filariasis despite a lack of demonstrated in vitro antifilarial activity. The results of our previous investigations using feline and murine leukemia virus models encouraged us to investigate the use of DEC with other infections. In ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0924-8579(92)90037-r
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxin-producing gram-positive bacteria are responsible for emerging and life-threatening infections in humans worldwide. Both rapid toxin detection and adapted therapy are essential to limit the morbidity due to such toxins, especially staphylococcal Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). Here we describe the use of a mas...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.03.017
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enterococcus faecium is a significant opportunistic human pathogen with a broad host range, including humans, farm animals, pets and wildlife. Specialised subpopulations have globally evolved towards a powerful and convergent adaption to the healthcare environment by acquiring a cocktail of key antimicrobial resistanc...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rifaximin, a non-absorbable rifamycin derivative, has published clinical efficacy in the alleviation of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is associated with the pathogenesis of IBS. This study describes for the first time the antimicrobial effect of ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.12.008
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), both hospital-acquired and community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains, have increased in frequency in the last few years, reaching epidemic dimensions. This review discusses several clinical forms of staphylococcal infection leading to bacteraemia in a high proportion ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.006
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As shown in a previous study, the outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in France is not satisfactory (41% success rate). To improve the management and outcome of patients with MDR-TB, a prospective intervention study was carried out in 1998-1999 by National Reference Centre (NRC) staff. NRC staff conta...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.023
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:No vaccine exists against any form of leishmaniasis. Because recovery from infection is usually accompanied by a strong immunity and because it is possible to protect experimental animals against live challenge, hope for the development of a vaccine for humans has been high. However, leishmaniasis is a disease of the ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.024
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has increased over the last decade with the rise in at-risk populations of patients. The morbidity and mortality of IFIs are high and management of these conditions is a great challenge. With the widespread adoption of antifungal prophylaxis, the epidemiology of invas...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.019
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Citrobacter freundii strain 4306 was isolated from a urine specimen of a patient in March 2006 in Palestine. This strain showed a unique multidrug resistance phenotype, as it was resistant both to 7-alpha-methoxy- and oxyimino-cephalosporins, including cefepime, cefpirome and monobactams, in addition to quinolones, st...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.04.019
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of infectious healthcare-associated diarrhoea. Recurrent CDI increases disease morbidity and mortality, posing a high burden to patients and a growing economic burden to the healthcare system. Thus, there exists a significant unmet and increasing medical need ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.04.026
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of nosocomial infections (NIs) in our surgical intensive care unit was evaluated with special consideration of nosocomial urinary tract infections (NUTIs). The trial was a prospective, single-centre, 6-month cohort study. Infections according to CDC criteria, pathogens, devices, APACHE II scores, infecti...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.05.011
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of severe group A streptococcal infection and the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome has increased since 1986. In contrast to earlier times, aggressive streptococal infection is now more likely to affect patients between 20 and 50 years of age who do not have predisposing underlying diseases. Its viral-l...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0924-8579(94)90029-9
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
