Abstract：
:No vaccine exists against any form of leishmaniasis. Because recovery from infection is usually accompanied by a strong immunity and because it is possible to protect experimental animals against live challenge, hope for the development of a vaccine for humans has been high. However, leishmaniasis is a disease of the poor and the market for a vaccine is very limited. Until a few years ago, with minimal resources, only a pragmatic approach was possible for testing the first-generation vaccines (i.e. killed whole parasites). Recently, funding has become available for developing defined second-generation vaccines, including recombinant proteins and DNA constructs. With new adjuvants also being developed there is new hope, and several new vaccines are in development against leishmaniasis.
journal_name
Int J Antimicrob Agentsjournal_title
International journal of antimicrobial agentsauthors
Modabber Fdoi
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.024subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-11-01 00:00:00pages
S58-61eissn
0924-8579issn
1872-7913pii
S0924-8579(10)00265-7journal_volume
36 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Macrolides have been reported to modify the host immune and inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the in vitro effect of the macrolides tilmicosin and tylosin, which are only used in the veterinary clinic, on the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and cytokines by lipo...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.12.010
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and trovafloxacin were tested by the E-test against 100 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ciprofloxacin was the most active of the tested agents with 82% of isolates having a MIC 8). Levofloxacin and trovafloxacin had nearly identical potency:...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00132-1
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans poses a major threat to immunocompromised patients and is a leading killer of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients worldwide. Cryptococci are known to manipulate host macrophages and can either remain latent or proliferate intracellularly within the host phag...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.04.018
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The resistance patterns of Escherichia coli in untreated (raw) urban wastewater (UW) was monitored by repeated sampling during 1 year. Comparison with data from wastewater samples collected from hospital wastewater (HW) in the same urban area was made. A total of 1326 E. coli isolates from 17 UW samples and 451 isolat...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.09.016
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few studies have studied the frequency of over-the-counter acquisition of antibiotics in western countries. In order to provide an insight into these practices in Malta, attitudes towards antibiotic use in the general public were researched through a structured interview. Nineteen percent admitted that they took antib...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00194-2
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nationwide monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolated from food-producing animals on farms was performed in Japan. A total of 468 Campylobacter isolates were obtained during the period from June 1999 to March 2001. Campylobacter species showed high frequencies of resistance to oxytetracycline and...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.03.017
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The last decade has been remarkable for the dramatic increase in the prevalence of serious fungal infections in patients with haematological disorders and neutropenic cancer patients. The mortality rate of deep-seated infection has been in excess of 90% and there is no doubt that this is one of the greatest challenges...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00341-1
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial susceptibility testing plays a key role in clinical microbiology. The disk diffusion test dates back to the 1940s and became standardised from the 1950s, with the International Collaborative Study (ICS) and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) as the two major standards. Interlabo...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.04.006
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A restrictive antibiotic policy banning routine use of ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin was implemented in a 450-bed district general hospital following an educational campaign. Monthly consumption of nine antibiotics was monitored in defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 patient-occupied bed-days (1000 pt-bds) 9 months be...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.10.013
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many drugs used to treat non-infectious diseases have also shown excellent antibacterial activity or the ability to enhance the action of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of a popular β-blocker, carvedilol, and its mechanism of antibacterial action. The antibacterial act...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.014
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past decade, non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria have emerged as important opportunistic pathogens in the increasing population of patients who are immunocompromised by their disease or medical treatment. These bacteria are assisted by their ubiquitous distribution in the environment and have a propensity f...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0924-8579(07)72176-3
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Healthcare resources are being diverted for the containment and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During this outbreak, it is cautioned that antibiotic misuse may be increased, especially for respiratory tract infections. With stewardship interventions, the duration of antibiotic therapy and length of st...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106145
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness and safety of antistaphylococcal penicillins (ASPs) and cephalosporins for the definitive treatment of patients with meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia. PubMed and Scopus electronic databases were searched up to Decemb...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.09.002
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Owing to its high morbidity and mortality, nosocomial pneumonia represents a particularly serious illness and one of the most frequent complications in ventilated patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Gram-negative microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas mal...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.11.005
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to characterise the metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-6 and the genetic environment of the bla(VIM-6) gene. The bla(VIM-6) gene was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system and the purified VIM-6 enzyme was obtained. VIM-6 has an isoelectric point of 4.9 and a molecular weight of 28.368...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.05.017
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are among the most difficult to treat emerging multidrug-resistant organisms. Major limitations exist in surveillance needed to address CRE, particularly in areas with inadequate resources. We utilised optimised strategies to search for data on carbapenem susceptibility of...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.019
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Consecutive adult patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia from January 2000 to September 2003 were included in this prospective observational cohort study. A total of 459 patients, 259 treated with levofloxacin in single drug therapy at a dose of 500 mg once a day and 209 with the combinati...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.07.013
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Norfloxacin is the first in a series of new 4-quinolones that have been introduced into medical practice for the treatment of bacterial infections. This totally synthetic compound is a broad spectrum, bactericidal agent that is much more potent than the earlier analogs, i.e. nalixidic acid, pipemidic acid, cinoxacin, ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0924-8579(91)90019-a
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ceftriaxone was introduced into clinical practice in the USA in 1985 and was the first extended-spectrum (third-generation) cephalosporin approved for once-daily treatment of patients with Gram-positive or Gram-negative infections. Review of ceftriaxone activity is important given its continued use since the mid-1980s...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00010-9
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oritavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic under investigation for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Oritavancin has demonstrated rapid dose-dependent bactericidal activity towards vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant enterococci, meticillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.048
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, the potency of DX-619, a novel des-fluoro(6)-quinolone agent, was compared with that of vancomycin (VCM) in a murine model of haematogenous bronchopneumonia infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA). The minimum inhibitory concent...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.03.026
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics that are not able to penetrate the cell envelope barrier. The aim of this study was to identify peptides that at low concentrations induce susceptibility to these antibiotics in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial strain...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.025
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) has evolved relatively slowly in the UK. This study describes the OPAT service based in a large UK teaching hospital in Sheffield, and examines the clinical efficacy, patient acceptability and costs saved over a 10-year period. Data on 3812 episodes of OPAT administer...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.016
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro and in vivo anti-Candida albicans and anti-Aspergillus fumigatus activities of NND-502, a new imidazole-antimycotic, were compared with those of fluconazole (FCZ), itraconazole (ITZ) and/or amphotericin B (AmB). NND-502 exhibited strong in vitro antifungal activity against both fungal species; its MIC against...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(99)00076-x
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro activities of sitafloxacin and seven other fluoroquinolones a (ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, T-3811ME, moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin) were examined by the microdilution method against 79 clinically isolated 'Streptococcus milleri' group (SMG) microorganisms. No statistically si...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.10.006
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surveillance initiatives to track Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance trends are important for understanding the current in vitro effectiveness of available antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of S. pneumoniae (n=1479 isolates) collected from 17 geographical areas across the USA (2003-2004)...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.002
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of antibiotics, as any other drug, is regulated by the terms of its marketing authorisation, notified in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC). If a prescription is not in accordance with the SPC, the physician prescribes off-label. There is very little literature regarding off-label use of antibiotics ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.04.010
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is the cornerstone activity in the combat against antimicrobial resistance. In order to ensure sustainable deployment and development of AMS, a strategic and regulatory framework needs to be provided by national healthcare authorities. Experts from 32 European countries, Israel and Turk...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.019
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Since the early 2000s, Escherichia coli resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) has been increasing in all European countries, mainly due to the spread of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Here we present a retrospective study that combines resistance of E. coli to 3GCs and quinolones with...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105909
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to investigate whether fluid shifts alter ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients over time. Patients > or = 18 years, with normal renal function, requiring intensive care treatment and parenteral antibiotics were enrolled. Group A (22 patients) included patients with documented intr...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.04.005
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
