Synaptic inputs to retrogradely labeled ganglion cells in the retina of the cane toad, Bufo marinus.

abstract：:Extrastriate areas TEO and V4 have been associated with form and color vision. Area V4 has also been suggested to participate in processes concerned with attention, stimulus salience, and perceptual learning. In a continuing effort to elucidate the connectional interactions and microcircuitry of these areas, we descri...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Rockland KS,Saleem KS,Tanaka K

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The retina of salmonid fishes has two types of cone photoreceptors: single and double cones. At the nuclear level, these cones are distributed in a square mosaic such that the double cones form the sides of the square and the single cones occupy positions at the centre and at the corners of the square. Double cones co...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cheng CL,Flamarique IN

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spatial and temporal interactions in the receptive fields of On-Off directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells endow them with directional selectivity. Using a variety of stimuli, such as sinusoidal gratings, we show that these interactions make directional selectivity of the DS ganglion cell robust with respect ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Grzywacz NM,Amthor FR

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In birds, neurons of the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION), as well as "ectopic" neurons, send axons to the retina, where they synapse on cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL). Previous work has shown that centrifugal axons can be divided into two anatomically distinct types depending on their model of termination: either "...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Nickla DL,Gottlieb MD,Marin G,Rojas X,Britto LR,Wallman J

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lesion or inactivation of the superior colliculus (SC) of the cat results in an animal that fails to orient toward peripheral visual stimuli which normally evoke a brisk, reflexive orienting response. A failure to orient toward a visual stimulus could be the result of a sensory impairment (a failure to detect the visu...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Fitzmaurice MC,Ciaramitaro VM,Palmer LA,Rosenquist AC

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, we introduced a phototransduction model that was able to account for the reproducibility of vertebrate rod single-photon responses (SPRs) (Hamer et al., 2003). The model was able to reproduce SPR statistics by means of stochastic activation and inactivation of rhodopsin (R*), transducin (G alpha ), and phosp...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Hamer RD,Nicholas SC,Tranchina D,Lamb TD,Jarvinen JL

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although excitotoxins derived from acidic amino acids are known to damage neurons in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers of the retina, little is known about their effects on photoreceptors. This study examines the acute and long-term effects of excitotoxins on photoreceptors of the chick retina. The zinc-iodid...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Sattayasai J,Zappia J,Ehrlich D

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to use non-invasive magneto-encephalographic techniques, together with visual stimulus paradigms that can psychophysically separate the M- and P-pathways, to examine the physiological relations of the pathways at the fovea with (1) the magneto-encephalography components M70 and M100 (in laten...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Yang CY,Hsieh JC,Chang Y

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anterograde transport of cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) was used to study the retinal projections in birds, with an emphasis on retinohypothalamic connections. Pigeons (Columbia livia) were deeply anesthetized and received unilateral intraocular injections of CTb. In addition to known contralateral retinorecipient regi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Shimizu T,Cox K,Karten HJ,Britto LR

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed two brain slice preparations for studying tectofugal visual pathways in the chick: conventional, 400-microns slices ("thin slices"), and "thick slices" which encompass the rostral pole of the optic tectum and the contralateral optic nerve. Stimulation was delivered with a bipolar electrode positioned...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Dye JC,Karten HJ

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recordings were taken from infragranular layers of area 17 of anesthetized monkeys with an array of 30 microelectrodes matching about one hypercolumn. From intracortical spike-train correlations, the novel neuronal property "delay scale position" related to retino-cortical delays, was derived. Relationships were estab...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Krüger J

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of spatial vision is relatively well documented in human and nonhuman primates. However, little is known about the development of sensitivity to motion. We measured the development of sensitivity to direction of motion, and the relationship between motion and contrast sensitivity in macaque monkeys as ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Kiorpes L,Movshon JA

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of dopamine on luminosity-type horizontal cells have been documented in different vertebrate retinas, both in vivo and in vitro. Some of these effects may reflect direct action of dopamine onto these cells, but indirect effects mediated by presynaptic neurons cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, direct effect...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Ammermüller J,Weiler R,Perlman I

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unilateral retinal impulse blockage with tetrodotoxin (TTX) induces reversible shrinkage and decreased cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in alternate rows of supragranular, CO-rich puffs in the adult macaque striate cortex (Wong-Riley & Carroll, 1984b: Carroll & Wong-Riley, 1987). The present study extended the finding...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Wong-Riley MT,Trusk TC,Tripathi SC,Hoppe DA

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews evidence that the superior colliculus (SC) of the midbrain represents visual direction and certain aspects of saccadic eye movements in the distribution of activity across a population of cells. Accurate and precise eye movements appear to be mediated, in part at least, by cells of the SC that have ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： McIlwain JT

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:White noise stimuli were used to estimate second-order kernels for complex cells in cortical area V1 of the macaque monkey, and drifting grating stimuli were presented to the sample of neurons to obtain orientation and spatial-frequency tuning curves. Using these data, we quantified how well second-order kernels predi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Gaska JP,Jacobson LD,Chen HW,Pollen DA

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study of the tree shrew, Tupaia belangeri, provides evidence for an intracollicular pathway that arises in the superficial gray layer and terminates in the optic layer. As a first step, Nissl, myelin, and cytochrome oxidase stains were used to identify the layers of the superior colliculus in the tree shrew. Seco...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lee P,Hall WC

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryonic chick retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can undergo transdifferentiation upon appropriate stimulation. For example, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induces intact RPE tissue younger than embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5) to transdifferentiate into a neural retina. NeuroD, a gene encoding a basic helix-loop...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Yan RT,Wang SZ

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the effects of picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) on the responses to motions of ON-OFF directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells of the turtle's retina. These drugs are antagonists of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. For continuous motions, picrotoxin markedly reduced the overall directionality...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Smith RD,Grzywacz NM,Borg-Graham LJ

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Color vision impairment was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without retinopathy. We assessed the type and degree of distortions of individual color spaces. DM2 patients (n = 32), and age-matched controls (n = 20) were tested using the Farnsworth D-15 and the Lanthony D-15d tests. In addition, ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Feitosa-Santana C,Oiwa NN,Paramei GV,Bimler D,Costa MF,Lago M,Nishi M,Ventura DF

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Linking propositions have played an important role in refining our understanding of the relationship between neural activity and perception. Over the last 40 years, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) have been used in many different ways to address questions of the relationship between neural activity and perception. Thi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Norcia AM

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The outer plexiform layer of the retina contains a neural circuit in which cone synaptic terminals are electrically coupled and release glutamate onto wide-field and narrow-field horizontal cells. These are also electrically coupled and feed back through a GABAergic synapse to cones. In cat this circuit's structure is...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Smith RG

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the cat retina was studied through the use of preembedding immunocytochemistry for light microscopy and by postembedding immunogold techniques for electron microscopy. Staining was observed in both inner and outer plexiform layers. Approximately 30% of the somata in th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pourcho RG,Owczarzak MT

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study has shown that the retinae of Prototherian (egg-laying) mammals possess two neuronal types that are present in non-mammalian retinae, but absent or morphologically different in the retinae of Eutherian (placental) mammals. First, endogenous serotonin-like immunoreactivity has been localized in a population ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Young HM,Vaney DI

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sudden displacement of the retinal image during a saccade raises the visual threshold of human observers to foveal stimuli. The fall in visual sensitivity observed during this phenomenon, known as saccadic suppression, seems to occur very early in the visual processing chain. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) i...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Derrington AM,Felisberti F

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regeneration of the teleost retina following surgical extirpation of 25% to 100% of the neural retina was investigated in goldfish (Carrasius auratus) and sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). The retina will regenerate following removal of up to 95% of the neural retina, however complete extirpation prevented regeneration. Vi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Mensinger AF,Powers MK

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Observers performed red-green and yellow-blue hue cancellation tasks for a 0.8-deg circular test field on a dark surround, by manipulating the excitation level of one cone class while the other two classes were held constant. The results of the red-green judgments conformed to classical opponent color theory in that b...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Knoblauch K,Shevell SK

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Absorbance spectra of cone outer segments and oil droplets were recorded microspectrophotometrically in the retina of the red-eared turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. There are four cone visual pigments, with lambda(max) = 617 nm (red sensitive), 515 nm (green sensitive), 458 nm (blue sensitive), and 372 nm (UV-sensit...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Loew ER,Govardovskii VI

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reduction of blood flow to the rat retina was achieved by either clamping both carotid arteries briefly (24 min) or combining clamping of the carotid arteries with permanent occlusion of the vertebral arteries. Analysis of retinas 6 days after operations showed that GFAP immunoreactivity is expressed throughout the re...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Osborne NN,Block F,Sontag KH

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied the presence and distribution of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-selective glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1, 2, 3, and 4) in the adult cat visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19, and the lateral suprasylvian areas (LSA). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) a...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Gutiérrez-Igarza K,Fogarty DJ,Pérez-Cerdá F,Doñate-Oliver F,Albus K,Matute C

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00