Abstract:
:The sudden displacement of the retinal image during a saccade raises the visual threshold of human observers to foveal stimuli. The fall in visual sensitivity observed during this phenomenon, known as saccadic suppression, seems to occur very early in the visual processing chain. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is a likely locus for the multiple retinal and extraretinal interactions occurring during saccadic eye movements, therefore we used the responses of relay cells of adult cats to simulate a psychophysical experiment. We first measured the responses of X and Y relay cells (27 X and 13 Y) to central spots of optimal size and different contrasts. The spots were presented either alone or time locked with the rapid movement of a large, high-contrast peripheral pattern, referred to as shift. We measured the percentage of trials on which the relay cell fired more spikes when the spot (contrast: 0.03-1.0) was present than when it was absent. In experiments with human observers the task was to indicate, by a keypress, which of two otherwise identical temporal intervals contained the spot. The shift reduces the sensitivity (raises the contrast threshold) of neurones in the cat relay cells to brief, stationary targets presented to the receptive-field center. The suppression of visual sensitivity is significantly greater in Y cells than in X cells (average sensitivity ratios 5.6 +/- 5.4 in Y cells, 1.59 +/- 0.9 in X cells: P < 0.001, U test). The shift also reduces the sensitivity of human observers to the same target. This suggests that the LGN is a potential locus for the modulation of visual responses that leads to saccadic suppression.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Derrington AM,Felisberti Fdoi
10.1017/s0952523898155128subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-09-01 00:00:00pages
875-80issue
5eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523898155128journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Unilateral retinal impulse blockage with tetrodotoxin (TTX) induces reversible shrinkage and decreased cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in alternate rows of supragranular, CO-rich puffs in the adult macaque striate cortex (Wong-Riley & Carroll, 1984b: Carroll & Wong-Riley, 1987). The present study extended the finding...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012396
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using suction electrodes, photocurrent responses to 100-ms saturating flashes were recorded from isolated retinal rods of the larval-stage tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). The delay period (Tc) that preceded recovery of the dark current by a criterion amount (3 pA) was analyzed in relation to the flash intensity...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800006441
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this work was to provide a detailed quantitative description of the receptive-field properties of one of the types of rarely encountered retinal ganglion cells of cat; the cell named the Q-cell by Enroth-Cugell et al. (1983). Quantitative comparisons are made between the discharge statistics and between th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007975
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the lateral eye and brain of the horseshoe crab was investigated with histochemical means using standard controls to eliminate butyrylcholinesterase and nonspecific staining. Intense staining was observed in the neural plexus of the lateral compound eye, in the latera...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003928
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to influence the responses of ganglion cells in the mammalian retina. Consistently, GABA(A) receptor subunits have been localized to different ganglion cell types. In this study, the distribution of the alpha1 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800173109
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arrestins participate in the termination of phototransduction in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the visual arrestins of invertebrates and vertebrates differ significantly from one another in that the invertebrate visual arrestins become phosphorylated rapidly in response to light while those in the photo...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800175145
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fish of the genus Anableps (Anablepidae, Cyprinodontiformes) have eyes that are adapted for simultaneous aerial and aquatic vision. In this study we investigate some of the corresponding retinal specializations of the adult Anableps anableps eye using retinal transverse sections and wholemounts. The linear dimensions ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806230232
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunohistochemical techniques were used to survey the distribution of several conventional transmitters, receptors, and neuropeptides in the pigeon nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR), a component of the accessory optic system. Amongst the conventional neurotransmitters/modulators, the most intense labeling of fib...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005964
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neural mechanisms driving perception and saccades during search use information about the target but are also based on an inhibitory surround not present in the target luminance profile (e.g., Eckstein et al., 2007). Here, we ask whether these inhibitory surrounds might reflect a strategy that the brain has adapte...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523809090014
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The retinae of insectivores have been rarely studied, and their photoreceptor arrangements and expression patterns of visual pigments are largely unknown. We have determined the presence and distribution of cones in three species of shrews (common shrew Sorex araneus, greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula, dar...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800176138
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amacrine cells are a morphologically and functionally diverse group of inhibitory interneurons. Morphologically, they have been divided into approximately 30 types. Although this diversity is probably important to the fine structure and function of the retinal circuit, the amacrine cells have been more generally divid...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523812000028
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of dopamine on luminosity-type horizontal cells have been documented in different vertebrate retinas, both in vivo and in vitro. Some of these effects may reflect direct action of dopamine onto these cells, but indirect effects mediated by presynaptic neurons cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, direct effect...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800008312
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Starburst amacrine cells (SACs), the only acetylcholine (ACh)-releasing amacrine cells (ACs) in adult rabbit retina, contain GABA and are key elements in the retina's directionally selective (DS) mechanism. Unlike many other GABAergic ACs, they use glutamic acid decarboxlyase (GAD)(67), not GAD(65), to synthesize GABA...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000052
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The outer plexiform layer of the retina contains a neural circuit in which cone synaptic terminals are electrically coupled and release glutamate onto wide-field and narrow-field horizontal cells. These are also electrically coupled and feed back through a GABAergic synapse to cones. In cat this circuit's structure is...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800008440
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The entire population of ganglion cells in the retina of the toad Bufo marinus was labeled by retrograde transport of a lysine-fixable biotinylated dextran amine of 3000 molecular weight. Synaptic connections between bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells in the inner plexiform layer were quantitatively analyzed, with ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800011792
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The representation of the visual field in the part of area 17 containing neurons that project axons across the corpus callosum to the contralateral hemisphere was defined in the cat. Of 1424 sites sampled along 77 electrode tracks, 768 proved to be in the callosal sending zone, which was identified by retrograde trans...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380000403x
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::During their complex life history, anguilliform eels go through a major metamorphosis when developing from a fresh water yellow eel into a deep-sea silver eel. In addition to major changes in body morphology, the visual system also adapts from a fresh water teleost duplex retina with rods and cones, to a specialized d...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080152
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the grating acuity and contrast sensitivity of cats whose eye position was monitored with a scleral search-coil technique. During each trial, the cat was required to maintain fixation on a laser spot and respond to the presence or the absence of a grating by pressing a right or left pedal. With this proced...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800010531
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult teleost fish retinas can regenerate neurons following either surgical or pharmacological injury. The cellular milieu of the damaged retina within which regenerated neurons are produced might be different in these two model systems of retinal injury, and thus the phenotypic attributes of regenerated neurons in th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800174115
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During early mammalian development, inputs from the two retinas intermix within the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), then segregate during the first postnatal week into layers that receive input from a single retina. Functionally, the LGN also changes markedly during the first postnatal month; early geniculate respon...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523899163107
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surround enhancement (sensitization) is a poorly understood form of network adaptation in which the kinetics of the responses of retinal neurons to test stimuli become faster, and absolute sensitivity of the responses increases with increasing level of steady, surrounding light. Surround enhancement has been observed ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800006751
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single isolated photoreceptors can be taken through a visual cycle of light adaptation by bleaching visual pigment, followed by dark adaptation when supplied with 11-cis retinal. Light adaptation after bleaching is manifested by faster response kinetics and a permanent reduction in sensitivity to light flashes, presum...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001735
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual responsiveness and spatial tuning of frontal eye field (FEF) neurons were determined using a delayed memory saccade task. Neurons with visual responses were then tested for direction selectivity using moving random dot patterns centered in the visual receptive field. The preferred axis of motion showed a si...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806231055
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model of contrast discrimination performance in human observers is developed and then extended to cover effects on performance of anticholinergic drugs. It is shown that it is necessary to assume that neural noise increases at high spatial frequencies in order to provide a satisfactory model of variations in discrim...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800009123
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In birds, neurons of the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION), as well as "ectopic" neurons, send axons to the retina, where they synapse on cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL). Previous work has shown that centrifugal axons can be divided into two anatomically distinct types depending on their model of termination: either "...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001747
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recorded the responses of neurons from the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus to drifting sine-wave grating stimuli both before and during electrical stimulation of the parabrachial region of the midbrain. The parabrachial region provides a mostly cholinergic input to the lateral geniculate nucleus, and our goal was ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005332
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The topographical distributions of the relative ratio of long- (L) and middle- (M) wavelength sensitive cone opsin messenger RNA (mRNA) in human and baboon retinas were mapped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The L:M mRNA ratio increased in a central-to-peripheral gradient in both species, being quite pronou...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095252380623325X
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During adaptation to an increase in environmental luminance, retinal signaling adjustments are mediated by the neuromodulator dopamine. Retinal dopamine is released with light and can affect center-surround receptive fields, the coupling state between neurons, and inhibitory pathways through inhibitory receptors and n...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523819000129
更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Lateral suprasylvian visual cortex in the cat has been studied extensively, but its retinotopic organization remains controversial. Although some investigators have divided this region into many distinct areas, others have argued for a simpler organization. A clear understanding of the region's retinotopic organizatio...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003278
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the presence and distribution of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-selective glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1, 2, 3, and 4) in the adult cat visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19, and the lateral suprasylvian areas (LSA). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) a...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007136
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00