Photoreceptors and visual pigments in the red-eared turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans.

abstract：:Surround enhancement (sensitization) is a poorly understood form of network adaptation in which the kinetics of the responses of retinal neurons to test stimuli become faster, and absolute sensitivity of the responses increases with increasing level of steady, surrounding light. Surround enhancement has been observed ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Reifsnider ES,Tranchina D

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunocytochemistry and retrograde labeling were used to define the thalamic projections of calbindin- and parvalbumin-containing cells in superficial layers of the rat's superior colliculus (SC). Quantitative analysis revealed that 90.8 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- standard deviation) of the calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lane RD,Allan DM,Bennett-Clarke CA,Howell DL,Rhoades RW

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To date, two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been cloned. The CB1 receptor has been found in a variety of tissues, particularly in the brain. CB2 receptor mRNA is mainly expressed in the immune system, though one group has found it in mouse cerebellum. Previous immunostaining studies in our lab demonstrated t...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lu Q,Straiker A,Lu Q,Maguire G

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual perception is not instantaneous; the perceptual representation of our environment builds up over time. This can strongly affect our responses to visual stimuli. Here, we study the temporal dynamics of visual processing by analyzing the time course of priming effects induced by the well-known Ebbinghaus illusion...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Schmidt F,Weber A,Haberkamp A

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the transmitters utilized by extra-thalamic afferents to modulate stimulus-driven neurotransmission and experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. Since these processes also depend on the activation of glutamatergic receptors, cholinergic terminals may exert their effects via d...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Aoki C,Kabak S

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In binocular vision, the lateral displacement of the eyes gives rise to both horizontal and vertical disparities between the images projected onto the left and right retinae. While it is well known that horizontal disparity is exploited by the binocular visual system of birds and mammals to enable depth perception, th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Nieder A,Wagner H

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tritiated neurotransmitter candidates were unilaterally injected in visual cortical regions with abundant corpus callosum connections. D-aspartate (Asp) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was injected along the area 17/18 border in cat, and the area 17/18a and 17/18b borders in rat. Retrograde Asp label was found contr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Elberger AJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrinsic interneurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) provide a feed-forward inhibitory pathway for afferent visual information originating from the retina. These interneurons are unique because in addition to traditional axodendritic output onto thalamocortical neurons, these interneurons have pr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cox CL,Beatty JA

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult teleost fish retinas can regenerate neurons following either surgical or pharmacological injury. The cellular milieu of the damaged retina within which regenerated neurons are produced might be different in these two model systems of retinal injury, and thus the phenotypic attributes of regenerated neurons in th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cameron DA,Powers MK

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unilateral retinal impulse blockage with tetrodotoxin (TTX) induces reversible shrinkage and decreased cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in alternate rows of supragranular, CO-rich puffs in the adult macaque striate cortex (Wong-Riley & Carroll, 1984b: Carroll & Wong-Riley, 1987). The present study extended the finding...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Wong-Riley MT,Trusk TC,Tripathi SC,Hoppe DA

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We recorded the responses of neurons from the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus to drifting sine-wave grating stimuli both before and during electrical stimulation of the parabrachial region of the midbrain. The parabrachial region provides a mostly cholinergic input to the lateral geniculate nucleus, and our goal was ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lu SM,Guido W,Sherman SM

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work has revealed multiple pathways for cross-orientation suppression in cat and human vision. In particular, ipsiocular and interocular pathways appear to assert their influence before binocular summation in human but have different (1) spatial tuning, (2) temporal dependencies, and (3) adaptation after-effect...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Meese TS,Challinor KL,Summers RJ

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lesion or inactivation of the superior colliculus (SC) of the cat results in an animal that fails to orient toward peripheral visual stimuli which normally evoke a brisk, reflexive orienting response. A failure to orient toward a visual stimulus could be the result of a sensory impairment (a failure to detect the visu...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Fitzmaurice MC,Ciaramitaro VM,Palmer LA,Rosenquist AC

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Agrin is a large extracellular matrix protein that directs the accumulation of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Recent evidence suggests that agrin may be involved in organizing synapses in the visual system as well. Focussing on the pathway that controls accommodation and pupilloconstriction, th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： McAvoy M,Smith MA,Fujii JT

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following up on a prior study of contour and brightness processing in visual masking (Breitmeyer et al., 2006), we investigated the effects of a binocular and dichoptic para-contrast masking on the visibility of the contour and brightness of a target presented to the other eye. Combined, the results support the contri...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Breitmeyer BG,Ziegler R,Hauske G

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The abundance and spatial distribution of retinal cone photoreceptors change during thyroid hormone (TH)-induced and natural development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These changes are thought to allow the fish to adapt to different photic environments throughout its life history. To date, the ontogeny of ra...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Veldhoen K,Allison WT,Veldhoen N,Anholt BR,Helbing CC,Hawryshyn CW

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anterograde transport of cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) was used to study the retinal projections in birds, with an emphasis on retinohypothalamic connections. Pigeons (Columbia livia) were deeply anesthetized and received unilateral intraocular injections of CTb. In addition to known contralateral retinorecipient regi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Shimizu T,Cox K,Karten HJ,Britto LR

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parallel processing of visual information begins at the first synapse in the retina between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Ten bipolar cell types have been previously described in the primate retina: one rod and nine cone bipolar types. In this paper, we describe an 11th type of bipolar cell identified in Golgi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Joo HR,Peterson BB,Haun TJ,Dacey DM

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The size, pattern of terminal arborizations, and laminar specificity of individual retinogeniculate axons were studied in the macaque following injections of HRP into the optic tract. Axons that terminated in the magnocellular layers had significantly larger fiber diameters and wider terminal fields than those that te...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Conley M,Fitzpatrick D

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Linking propositions have played an important role in refining our understanding of the relationship between neural activity and perception. Over the last 40 years, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) have been used in many different ways to address questions of the relationship between neural activity and perception. Thi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Norcia AM

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interdependence of the development of the eye and oculomotor system during embryogenesis is currently unclear. The occurrence of clinical anophthalmia, where the globe fails to develop, permits us to study the effects this has on the development of the complex neuromuscular system controlling eye movements. In thi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Bridge H,Ragge N,Jenkinson N,Cowey A,Watkins KE

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visually guided saccadic eye movements to singly presented stationary targets form a bimodal distribution. After superior colliculus lesions, the so called "express saccades" that form the first mode of the distribution are no longer obtained. The aim of this study was to determine what role several other neural syste...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Schiller PH,Lee K

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inferior temporal (IT) cortex is a "high-order" region of extrastriate visual cortex important for visual form perception and recognition in adult primates. The pattern of cortical afferents from both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres to anterior IT cortex was determined in infant macaque monkeys 7-18 weeks of...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Rodman HR,Consuelos MJ

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural scenes contain a variety of visual cues that facilitate boundary perception (e.g., luminance, contrast, and texture). Here we explore whether single neurons in early visual cortex can process both contrast and texture cues. We recorded neural responses in cat A18 to both illusory contours formed by abutting gr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Song Y,Baker CL Jr

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study of the tree shrew, Tupaia belangeri, provides evidence for an intracollicular pathway that arises in the superficial gray layer and terminates in the optic layer. As a first step, Nissl, myelin, and cytochrome oxidase stains were used to identify the layers of the superior colliculus in the tree shrew. Seco...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lee P,Hall WC

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Circadian rhythms affect the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the visual cells in the eyes of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). These rhythms are mediated by the activity of efferent neurons that project from the central nervous system to all of the eyes. In this study, the optic nerves of Limulus were ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Calman BG,Battelle BA

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely accepted that human color vision is based on two types of cone-opponent mechanism, one differencing L and M cone types (loosely termed "red-green"), and the other differencing S with the L and M cones (loosely termed "blue-yellow"). The traditional view of the early processing of human color vision sugges...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Sankeralli MJ,Mullen KT

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to evaluate the maturity of three inhibitory mechanisms (end-inhibition, side-inhibition, and cross-orientation inhibition) in the striate cortex of kittens at 4 weeks postnatal. To accomplish this, we made extracellular recordings from area 17 neurons while presenting visual stimuli co...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Green ES,DeAngelis GC,Freeman RD

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many diverse retinal disorders are characterized by retinal edema; yet, little experimental attention has been given to understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying and contributing to these fluid-based disorders. Water transport in and out of cells is achieved by specialized membrane channels, with most rapid ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Goodyear MJ,Crewther SG,Junghans BM

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the effects of picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) on the responses to motions of ON-OFF directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells of the turtle's retina. These drugs are antagonists of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. For continuous motions, picrotoxin markedly reduced the overall directionality...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Smith RD,Grzywacz NM,Borg-Graham LJ

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00