A common contrast pooling rule for suppression within and between the eyes.

abstract：:Several studies document rudimentary color vision under dim illumination. Here, hue perceptions of paper color samples were determined for a wide range of light levels, including very low light levels where rods alone mediate vision. The appearances of 24 paper color samples from the OSA Uniform Color Scales were gaug...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pokorny J,Lutze M,Cao D,Zele AJ

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vision begins with photoisomerization of 11-cis retinal to the all-trans conformation within the chromophore-binding pocket of opsin, leading to activation of a biochemical cascade. Release of all-trans retinal from the binding pocket curtails but does not fully quench the ability of opsin to activate transducin. All-...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Isayama T,McCabe England SL,Crouch RK,Zimmerman AL,Makino CL

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For over 30 years there has been a controversy over whether color-defined motion can be perceived by the human visual system. Some results suggest that there is no chromatic motion mechanism at all, whereas others do find evidence for a purely chromatic motion mechanism. Here we examine the chromatic input to global m...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Ruppertsberg AI,Wuerger SM,Bertamini M

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mice overexpressing bcl-2, due to inhibition of naturally occurring cell death, have much larger brains and optic nerves as compared to wild-type mice. Since developmental cell death is believed to exert a crucial role in establishing the mature neural circuitry and function, we asked the question of whethe...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Porciatti V,Pizzorusso T,Maffei L

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated whether regenerating mature axons recapitulate embryonic features essential to successful reconnectivity within the injured nervous system. Strips from embryonic and adult chick retinae were cultured, and outgrowing axons were examined morphometrically and immunohistochemically. In addition, the target...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Vanselow J,Müller B,Thanos S

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In birds, neurons of the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION), as well as "ectopic" neurons, send axons to the retina, where they synapse on cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL). Previous work has shown that centrifugal axons can be divided into two anatomically distinct types depending on their model of termination: either "...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Nickla DL,Gottlieb MD,Marin G,Rojas X,Britto LR,Wallman J

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to influence the responses of ganglion cells in the mammalian retina. Consistently, GABA(A) receptor subunits have been localized to different ganglion cell types. In this study, the distribution of the alpha1 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Macri J,Martin PR,Grünert U

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the human eye, domination of the electroretinogram (ERG) by the b-wave and other postreceptor components ordinarily obscures all but the first few milliseconds of the rod photoreceptor response to a stimulating flash. However, recovery of the rod response after a bright rest flash can be analyzed using a paired-fla...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pepperberg DR,Birch DG,Hood DC

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to use non-invasive magneto-encephalographic techniques, together with visual stimulus paradigms that can psychophysically separate the M- and P-pathways, to examine the physiological relations of the pathways at the fovea with (1) the magneto-encephalography components M70 and M100 (in laten...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Yang CY,Hsieh JC,Chang Y

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The retinas of adult teleost fish can regenerate following injury, but little is known about the neuronal integration of the visual scene that is performed by the regenerated retina. Using goldfish retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) as the experimental system, an evaluation of dendritic arbor structure and passive electrot...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cameron DA,Vafai H,White JA

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many diverse retinal disorders are characterized by retinal edema; yet, little experimental attention has been given to understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying and contributing to these fluid-based disorders. Water transport in and out of cells is achieved by specialized membrane channels, with most rapid ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Goodyear MJ,Crewther SG,Junghans BM

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study of the tree shrew, Tupaia belangeri, provides evidence for an intracollicular pathway that arises in the superficial gray layer and terminates in the optic layer. As a first step, Nissl, myelin, and cytochrome oxidase stains were used to identify the layers of the superior colliculus in the tree shrew. Seco...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lee P,Hall WC

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extrastriate areas TEO and V4 have been associated with form and color vision. Area V4 has also been suggested to participate in processes concerned with attention, stimulus salience, and perceptual learning. In a continuing effort to elucidate the connectional interactions and microcircuitry of these areas, we descri...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Rockland KS,Saleem KS,Tanaka K

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to examine the contributions made by cat posterior parietal cortex to the analyses of the relative position of objects in visual space. Two cats were trained on a landmark task in which they learned to report the position of a landmark object relative to a right or left food-reward...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lomber SG,Payne BR

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the lateral eye and brain of the horseshoe crab was investigated with histochemical means using standard controls to eliminate butyrylcholinesterase and nonspecific staining. Intense staining was observed in the neural plexus of the lateral compound eye, in the latera...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Hornstein EP,Sambursky DL,Chamberlain SC

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visually guided saccadic eye movements to singly presented stationary targets form a bimodal distribution. After superior colliculus lesions, the so called "express saccades" that form the first mode of the distribution are no longer obtained. The aim of this study was to determine what role several other neural syste...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Schiller PH,Lee K

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of the numbers of retinal ganglion cells and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons in primates suggest that the numbers of both types of neurons may vary over a two-fold range from one individual to another. This raises the question of whether the numbers of ganglion cells and LGN neurons are related or var...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Spear PD,Kim CB,Ahmad A,Tom BW

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that dichromatic behavior on a clinical anomaloscope can be explained by the complement and arrangement of the long- (L) and middle-wavelength (M) pigment genes was tested. It was predicted that dichromacy is associated with an X-chromosome pigment gene array capable of producing only a single functiona...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Neitz M,Carroll J,Renner A,Knau H,Werner JS,Neitz J

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine whether agmatine, a channel permeable probe, can identify photoreceptor dysfunction in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) retina at an earlier stage to that shown by apoptosis or anatomical markers, and also characterize the neurochemical development of the inner retina in the n...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Kalloniatis M,Tomisich G,Wellard JW,Foster LE

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monocular deprivation (MD) by lid suture is one of the classic paradigms for the study of developmental plasticity in the cerebral cortex, and we have detailed knowledge of its anatomical and physiological consequences as well as underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. However, the effects of other forms of mani...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Jaffer S,Vorobyov V,Sengpiel F

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine the assumptions that the fovea contains equal numbers of inner (invaginating or ON) and outer (flat or OFF) midget bipolar cells and equal numbers of inner and outer diffuse bipolar cells. Based on reconstruction from electron photomicrographs of serial thin sections through the fovea of a macaque monkey, w...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Ahmad KM,Klug K,Herr S,Sterling P,Schein S

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the grating acuity and contrast sensitivity of cats whose eye position was monitored with a scleral search-coil technique. During each trial, the cat was required to maintain fixation on a laser spot and respond to the presence or the absence of a grating by pressing a right or left pedal. With this proced...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pasternak T,Horn K

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunocytochemistry and retrograde labeling were used to define the thalamic projections of calbindin- and parvalbumin-containing cells in superficial layers of the rat's superior colliculus (SC). Quantitative analysis revealed that 90.8 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- standard deviation) of the calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lane RD,Allan DM,Bennett-Clarke CA,Howell DL,Rhoades RW

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The large receptive fields of retinal horizontal cells are thought to reflect extensive electrical coupling via gap junctions. It was shown recently that the biotinylated tracers, biocytin and Neurobiotin, provide remarkable images of coupling between many types of retinal neuron, including horizontal cells. Further, ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Bloomfield SA,Xin D,Persky SE

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anterograde transport of cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) was used to study the retinal projections in birds, with an emphasis on retinohypothalamic connections. Pigeons (Columbia livia) were deeply anesthetized and received unilateral intraocular injections of CTb. In addition to known contralateral retinorecipient regi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Shimizu T,Cox K,Karten HJ,Britto LR

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the pigeon visual system was studied during the first 9 days after hatching using a mouse monoclonal antibody, mAb 3A12, to glutaraldehyde linked GABA (Matute & Streit, 1986). GABA-like immunoreactivity was seen in cell bodies as well as in neuropil at the level of bot...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Bagnoli P,Fontanesi G,Streit P,Domenici L,Alesci R

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural scenes contain a variety of visual cues that facilitate boundary perception (e.g., luminance, contrast, and texture). Here we explore whether single neurons in early visual cortex can process both contrast and texture cues. We recorded neural responses in cat A18 to both illusory contours formed by abutting gr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Song Y,Baker CL Jr

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To date, two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been cloned. The CB1 receptor has been found in a variety of tissues, particularly in the brain. CB2 receptor mRNA is mainly expressed in the immune system, though one group has found it in mouse cerebellum. Previous immunostaining studies in our lab demonstrated t...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lu Q,Straiker A,Lu Q,Maguire G

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to elucidate the role of putative indoleaminergic amacrine cells in visual processing, we have employed pharmacological agents specific for the two classes of serotonin receptor, 5-HT2 and 5-HT1, which have been identified in both the retina and brain. Perfusion of the rabbit retina with 5-HT2 selective antag...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Brunken WJ,Daw NW

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unilateral retinal impulse blockage with tetrodotoxin (TTX) induces reversible shrinkage and decreased cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in alternate rows of supragranular, CO-rich puffs in the adult macaque striate cortex (Wong-Riley & Carroll, 1984b: Carroll & Wong-Riley, 1987). The present study extended the finding...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Wong-Riley MT,Trusk TC,Tripathi SC,Hoppe DA

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00