Abstract:
:The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the lateral eye and brain of the horseshoe crab was investigated with histochemical means using standard controls to eliminate butyrylcholinesterase and nonspecific staining. Intense staining was observed in the neural plexus of the lateral compound eye, in the lateral optic nerve, and in various neuropils of the brain. Nerve fibers with moderate to weak staining were widespread in the brain. No somata were stained in either the lateral eye or the brain. The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the supraesophageal ganglia and nerves of the giant barnacle was also investigated for comparison. Although both the median optic nerve of the barnacle and the lateral optic nerve of the horseshoe crab appear to contain the fibers of histaminergic neurons, only the lateral optic nerve of the horseshoe crab shows AChE staining. Other parts of the barnacle nervous system, however, showed intense AChE staining. These results along with the histochemical controls eliminate the possibility that some molecule found in histaminergic neurons accounted for the AChE staining but support the possibility that acetylcholine might be involved as a neurotransmitter in lateral inhibition in the horseshoe crab retina. Two reasonable neurotransmitter candidates for lateral inhibition, histamine and acetylcholine, must now be investigated.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Hornstein EP,Sambursky DL,Chamberlain SCdoi
10.1017/s0952523800003928subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-09-01 00:00:00pages
989-1001issue
5eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523800003928journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A model of contrast discrimination performance in human observers is developed and then extended to cover effects on performance of anticholinergic drugs. It is shown that it is necessary to assume that neural noise increases at high spatial frequencies in order to provide a satisfactory model of variations in discrim...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800009123
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abstract::We have studied the steady-state PERG in human subjects in response to red-green plaid patterns modulated either in luminance or in chromaticity or both. By varying the relative luminance of the red and green components, a value could be obtained at which the PERG amplitude was either minimum or locally maximum. This ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003825
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380000612x
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002182
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801186062
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increment threshold functions of the electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave were obtained from goldfish using an in vivo preparation to study intraretinal mechanisms underlying the increase in perceived brightness induced by depletion of retinal dopamine by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Goldfish received unilateral intraocular ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380000300x
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806233406
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806230062
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080449
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523802191164
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012396
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Horizontal cells and cone photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina are interconnected by a complex network of synapses leading to the generation of color-coded responses in chromaticity horizontal cells. A simple cascade model of excitatory feedforward and inhibitory feedback synapses had been suggested to underlie the...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523898146047
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five lagged cells were recognized by extracellular recording in the lateral geniculate nucleus of an awake, behaving macaque monkey. Previous reports of lagged cells were all in the anesthetized cat. Both parvocellular and magnocellular lagged cells were observed. Response timing was distributed continuously across th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080784
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anterograde transport of cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) was used to study the retinal projections in birds, with an emphasis on retinohypothalamic connections. Pigeons (Columbia livia) were deeply anesthetized and received unilateral intraocular injections of CTb. In addition to known contralateral retinorecipient regi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002376
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523898151076
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To better understand the evolution of spatial and color vision, the number and spatial distributions of cones, rods, and optic nerve axon numbers were assessed in seven New World primates (Cebus apella, Saimiri ustius, Saguinus midas niger, Alouatta caraya, Aotus azarae, Calllithrix jacchus, and Callicebus moloch). Th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080371
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/S0952523812000260
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/S0952523809090014
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a part of ongoing efforts to understand the cholinergic circuitry in the mammalian retina, we studied the coexpression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1), or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity in the rabbit retina. Double-l...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801181083
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The entire population of ganglion cells in the retina of the toad Bufo marinus was labeled by retrograde transport of a lysine-fixable biotinylated dextran amine of 3000 molecular weight. Synaptic connections between bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells in the inner plexiform layer were quantitatively analyzed, with ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800011792
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The size, pattern of terminal arborizations, and laminar specificity of individual retinogeniculate axons were studied in the macaque following injections of HRP into the optic tract. Axons that terminated in the magnocellular layers had significantly larger fiber diameters and wider terminal fields than those that te...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001206
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001036
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether regenerating mature axons recapitulate embryonic features essential to successful reconnectivity within the injured nervous system. Strips from embryonic and adult chick retinae were cultured, and outgrowing axons were examined morphometrically and immunohistochemically. In addition, the target...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002558
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Receptive field organization of cone-driven bipolar cells was investigated by intracellular recording in the intact light-adapted retina of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Centered spots and concentric annuli of optimum dimensions were used to selectively stimulate the receptive field center and surround wi...
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abstract::The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to influence the responses of ganglion cells in the mammalian retina. Consistently, GABA(A) receptor subunits have been localized to different ganglion cell types. In this study, the distribution of the alpha1 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor...
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更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In previous experiments we established that a light flash reduced cGMP levels of toad rod outer segments within the transduction time interval, but that recovery of the dark level of cGMP occurred more slowly than reported electrophysiological recovery of membrane potential. We now report that a second light flash acc...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523800003230
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00