Characteristics of period doubling in the human cone flicker electroretinogram.

abstract：:The retinae of insectivores have been rarely studied, and their photoreceptor arrangements and expression patterns of visual pigments are largely unknown. We have determined the presence and distribution of cones in three species of shrews (common shrew Sorex araneus, greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula, dar...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Peichl L,Künzle H,Vogel P

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The representation of the visual field in the part of area 17 containing neurons that project axons across the corpus callosum to the contralateral hemisphere was defined in the cat. Of 1424 sites sampled along 77 electrode tracks, 768 proved to be in the callosal sending zone, which was identified by retrograde trans...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Payne BR

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Starburst amacrine cells (SACs), the only acetylcholine (ACh)-releasing amacrine cells (ACs) in adult rabbit retina, contain GABA and are key elements in the retina's directionally selective (DS) mechanism. Unlike many other GABAergic ACs, they use glutamic acid decarboxlyase (GAD)(67), not GAD(65), to synthesize GABA...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Famiglietti EV,Sundquist SJ

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early in life, visual experience appears to influence the refinement and maintenance of the orientation-selective responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex. After eye opening, the statistical structure of visually driven neural responses depends not only on the stimulus, but also on how the stimulus is scanned...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Rucci M,Casile A

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The visual information that first-order cortical cells receive is contained in the visually evoked spike trains of geniculate relay cells. To address functional issues such as the ON/OFF structure of visual cortical receptive fields with modelling studies, a geniculate cell model is needed where the spatial and tempor...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Gazères N,Borg-Graham LJ,Frégnac Y

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To gain insight into how vision guides eye movements, monkeys were trained to make a single saccade to a specified target stimulus during feature and conjunction search with stimuli discriminated by color and shape. Monkeys performed both tasks at levels well above chance. The latencies of saccades to the target in co...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Bichot NP,Schall JD

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many cell types in the retina are coupled via gap junctions and so there is a pressing need for a potent and reversible gap junction antagonist. We screened a series of potential gap junction antagonists by evaluating their effects on dye coupling in the network of A-type horizontal cells. We evaluated the following c...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pan F,Mills SL,Massey SC

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the transmitter released by barnacle photoreceptors onto postsynaptic cells (I-cells). GABA was applied to I-cells either by superfusion or by ejecting it with pressure from a pipette positioned close to the I-cell's soma. The I-cell's response to GABA wa...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Callaway JC,Stuart AE

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dopamine (DA) innervation, labeled by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry in a wholemounted human retina, is described in the avascular area of the fovea. Eleven DA neurons give rise to this innervation, among which five are interplexiform cells, so that the DA innervation consists of two plexuses: one is in...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Savy C,Simon A,Nguyen-Legros J

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model of contrast discrimination performance in human observers is developed and then extended to cover effects on performance of anticholinergic drugs. It is shown that it is necessary to assume that neural noise increases at high spatial frequencies in order to provide a satisfactory model of variations in discrim...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Smith AT

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is known to affect the speed and accuracy of visual judgments, the underlying electrophysiological response has not been explored. In the present study, we therefore investigated the effect of GVS on the N170 event-related potential, a marker commonly associated with earl...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Wilkinson D,Ferguson HJ,Worley A

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alpha ganglion cells from the midperiphery of the rabbit retina were recorded intracellularly under visual control, in a superfused everted eyecup, and labeled with HRP. Their physiology and large somata with broad dendritic arbors identified them as uniform populations of ON- and OFF-center alpha ganglion cells, whic...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Muller JF,Dacheux RF

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Contrast adaptation occurs in both the retina and the cortex. Defining its spatial dependence is crucial for understanding its potential roles. We thus asked to what degree contrast adaptation depends on spatial frequency, including cross-adaptation. Measuring the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and the visual evoked...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Heinrich TS,Bach M

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sudden displacement of the retinal image during a saccade raises the visual threshold of human observers to foveal stimuli. The fall in visual sensitivity observed during this phenomenon, known as saccadic suppression, seems to occur very early in the visual processing chain. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) i...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Derrington AM,Felisberti F

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have described the currents flowing across the presynaptic membranes of the four median photoreceptors of the giant barnacle, Balanus nubilus, using a quasi-voltage clamp arrangement. Membrane potential, measured in the terminal region of one photoreceptor, was controlled in all four terminals by feedback current s...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Hayashi JH,Stuart AE

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The abundance and spatial distribution of retinal cone photoreceptors change during thyroid hormone (TH)-induced and natural development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These changes are thought to allow the fish to adapt to different photic environments throughout its life history. To date, the ontogeny of ra...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Veldhoen K,Allison WT,Veldhoen N,Anholt BR,Helbing CC,Hawryshyn CW

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bresiliid shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, lives in large masses on the sides of hydrothermal vent chimneys at two sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Although essentially no daylight penetrates to depths of 3500 m, very dim light is emitted from the hydrothermal vents themselves. To exploit this light, R. exoculata has ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： O'Neill PJ,Jinks RN,Herzog ED,Battelle BA,Kass L,Renninger GH,Chamberlain SC

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the grating acuity and contrast sensitivity of cats whose eye position was monitored with a scleral search-coil technique. During each trial, the cat was required to maintain fixation on a laser spot and respond to the presence or the absence of a grating by pressing a right or left pedal. With this proced...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pasternak T,Horn K

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We recorded the responses of neurons from the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus to drifting sine-wave grating stimuli both before and during electrical stimulation of the parabrachial region of the midbrain. The parabrachial region provides a mostly cholinergic input to the lateral geniculate nucleus, and our goal was ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lu SM,Guido W,Sherman SM

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thresholds for detection of light by a dark-adapted test eye were measured while the other, non-test eye was either similarly dark adapted or while it was exposed to an intense red adapting field. An interocular effect that depends on the retinal location of the test was found: compared to the threshold during binocul...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Auerbach E,Dörrenhaus A,Cavonius CR

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ablation of visual cortical areas 17 and 18 in neonatal and young adult cats induces novel retinal projections to terminate bilaterally in the lateral posterior nucleus (LP) at a position ventromedial from the medial interlaminar nucleus. Comparison with the visual-field maps of LP indicate that the terminations are f...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Payne BR,Foley HA,Lomber SG

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In previous work, we have shown that sudden image displacements well outside the classical receptive field modulate the visual sensitivity of LGN relay cells. Here we report the effect of image displacements on the response versus contrast function. The stimuli consisted of a central spot of optimal size and polarity ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Felisberti F,Derrington AM

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The morphological characteristics of the eyes and the retinae of lanternfish larvae of Lampanyctus crocodilus, Benthosema glaciale, and Myctophum punctatum were analyzed in pre-flexion, flexion, and post-flexion stages. Pre-flexion larvae of L. crocodilus, the species with the shallowest depth distribution, had spheri...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Bozzano A,Pankhurst PM,Sabatés A

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine whether agmatine, a channel permeable probe, can identify photoreceptor dysfunction in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) retina at an earlier stage to that shown by apoptosis or anatomical markers, and also characterize the neurochemical development of the inner retina in the n...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Kalloniatis M,Tomisich G,Wellard JW,Foster LE

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for determining whether medical device manufacturers have provided reasonable assurance, based on valid scientific evidence, that new devices are safe and effective for their intended use before they are introduced into the U.S. market. Most existing color vision d...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Drum B

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The period of susceptibility for binocular depth vision was studied in kittens by subjecting them to periods of monocular deprivation beginning at different ages. In an initial study, we found that normally reared kittens can learn a depth-discrimination task much more rapidly when tested binocularly than monocularly,...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Timney B

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Absorbance spectra of cone outer segments and oil droplets were recorded microspectrophotometrically in the retina of the red-eared turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. There are four cone visual pigments, with lambda(max) = 617 nm (red sensitive), 515 nm (green sensitive), 458 nm (blue sensitive), and 372 nm (UV-sensit...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Loew ER,Govardovskii VI

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recurrent projections comprise a universal feature of cerebral organization. Here, we show that the corticofugal projections from the striate cortex (VI) to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) robustly and multiplicatively enhance the responses of parvocellular neurons, stimulated by gratings restricted to the classi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Przybyszewski AW,Gaska JP,Foote W,Pollen DA

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The visual responsiveness and spatial tuning of frontal eye field (FEF) neurons were determined using a delayed memory saccade task. Neurons with visual responses were then tested for direction selectivity using moving random dot patterns centered in the visual receptive field. The preferred axis of motion showed a si...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Xiao Q,Barborica A,Ferrera VP

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neural mechanisms driving perception and saccades during search use information about the target but are also based on an inhibitory surround not present in the target luminance profile (e.g., Eckstein et al., 2007). Here, we ask whether these inhibitory surrounds might reflect a strategy that the brain has adapte...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Zhang S,Abbey CK,Eckstein MP

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00