Abstract：
:The period of susceptibility for binocular depth vision was studied in kittens by subjecting them to periods of monocular deprivation beginning at different ages. In an initial study, we found that normally reared kittens can learn a depth-discrimination task much more rapidly when tested binocularly than monocularly, even when testing is begun as early at 30 d. In subsequent experiments, kittens were monocularly deprived by eyelid suture, following which their monocular and binocular depth thresholds were measured using the jumping-stand procedure. We obtained the following results: (1) When monocular deprivation is applied before the time of natural eye opening but is discontinued by no later than 30 d, there is very little effect on binocular depth thresholds. (2) When deprivation is begun at 90 d, binocular depth thresholds are unaffected. (3) When deprivation is begun between these two ages, the magnitude of the deficit varies with the period of deprivation and the age at which it begins. (4) By imposing brief (5 or 10 d) periods of deprivation, beginning at different ages, we were able to demonstrate that the peak of the sensitive period is between the ages of 35 and 45 d, with a fairly rapid decline in susceptibility outside those age limits. (5) Even with as little as 5 d of deprivation, substantial permanent deficits in binocular depth vision can be induced.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Timney Bdoi
10.1017/s0952523800000341subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-09-01 00:00:00pages
273-80issue
3eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523800000341journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Reduction of blood flow to the rat retina was achieved by either clamping both carotid arteries briefly (24 min) or combining clamping of the carotid arteries with permanent occlusion of the vertebral arteries. Analysis of retinas 6 days after operations showed that GFAP immunoreactivity is expressed throughout the re...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800010427
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although excitotoxins derived from acidic amino acids are known to damage neurons in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers of the retina, little is known about their effects on photoreceptors. This study examines the acute and long-term effects of excitotoxins on photoreceptors of the chick retina. The zinc-iodid...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800001152
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:R1-6 dominated electroretinographic (ERG) spectral sensitivities were determined as a function of days posteclosion from carotenoid deprived and replaced white-eyed Drosophila. The sensitivity of flies deprived from egg to adult waxed (about 1.5 log units by day 3), and then waned gradually from 3-11 days (over 2 log ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800011263
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electroretinogram (ERG) responses of the cone system to a flickering stimulus can exhibit a cyclic variation in amplitude. This phenomenon of synchronous period doubling has been attributed to a nonlinear feedback mechanism within the retina that alters response gain. The aim of the present study was to investigate in...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0952523805226111
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the reverse Stroop task, observers are instructed to ignore the ink color in which a color word is printed (the distractor color) and to respond to the meaning of the color word (the target). Reaction times (RTs) are faster with congruent combinations when the ink color matches the word than with incongruent combin...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0952523806233388
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Circadian rhythms affect the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the visual cells in the eyes of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). These rhythms are mediated by the activity of efferent neurons that project from the central nervous system to all of the eyes. In this study, the optic nerves of Limulus were ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800001334
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mechanisms that mediate the calcium influx in mammalian horizontal cells were studied. Horizontal cells (HCs) enzymatically dissociated from the rabbit retina were recorded by the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique and by calcium image ratioespectrophotometry of Fura-2 loaded cells. AMPA-preferring ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study has shown that the retinae of Prototherian (egg-laying) mammals possess two neuronal types that are present in non-mammalian retinae, but absent or morphologically different in the retinae of Eutherian (placental) mammals. First, endogenous serotonin-like immunoreactivity has been localized in a population ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800000079
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the arthropod medulla, which is the second ganglion on the afferent visual pathway, a column of about 40 cells represents each point in space (i.e. compound eye facet). Some stages of visual processing underlying the responses of one class of cells in the locust medulla have been identified. These transient cells g...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800004831
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Receptive field organization of cone-driven bipolar cells was investigated by intracellular recording in the intact light-adapted retina of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Centered spots and concentric annuli of optimum dimensions were used to selectively stimulate the receptive field center and surround wi...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0952523811000071
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nucleus rotundus and nucleus dorsolateralis posterior (DLP) are the thalamic components of two parallel pathways within the tectofugal division of the pigeon visual system. An earlier study (Hodos, Weiss & Bessette, 1986) had shown that lesions in direct telencephalic recipients of projections from rotundus and DLP pr...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800001036
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Color vision impairment was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without retinopathy. We assessed the type and degree of distortions of individual color spaces. DM2 patients (n = 32), and age-matched controls (n = 20) were tested using the Farnsworth D-15 and the Lanthony D-15d tests. In addition, ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0952523806233546
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:White noise stimuli were used to estimate second-order kernels for complex cells in cortical area V1 of the macaque monkey, and drifting grating stimuli were presented to the sample of neurons to obtain orientation and spatial-frequency tuning curves. Using these data, we quantified how well second-order kernels predi...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800003102
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accommodation is more accurate with polychromatic stimuli than with narrowband or monochromatic stimuli. The aim of this paper is to develop a computational model for how the visual system uses the extra information in polychromatic stimuli to increase the accuracy of accommodation responses. The proposed model is dev...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800000705
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anterograde transport of cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) was used to study the retinal projections in birds, with an emphasis on retinohypothalamic connections. Pigeons (Columbia livia) were deeply anesthetized and received unilateral intraocular injections of CTb. In addition to known contralateral retinorecipient regi...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800002376
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultrastructural examination of photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoids in larval (4, 8, and 15 days postfertilization; dpf) and adult zebrafish identified morphologically different types of mitochondria. All photoreceptors had mitochondria of different sizes (large and small). At 4 dpf, rods had small, moderately stain...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S095252381300059X
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is reportedly 3% bi-nucleated. The importance to human vision of multi-nucleated (MN)-RPE cells could be clarified with more data about their distribution in central retina. METHODS:Nineteen human RPE-flatmounts (9 ≤ 51 years, 10 > 80 years) were imaged at 12 locat...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0952523815000310
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surround enhancement (sensitization) is a poorly understood form of network adaptation in which the kinetics of the responses of retinal neurons to test stimuli become faster, and absolute sensitivity of the responses increases with increasing level of steady, surrounding light. Surround enhancement has been observed ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800006751
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Population-based studies of retinal neurons have helped to reveal their natural types in mammals and teleost fishes. In this, the first such study in a frog, labeled ganglion cells of the mesobatrachian Xenopus laevis were examined in flatmounts. Cells with large somata and thick dendrites could be divided into three ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s095252380001155x
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eye growth and refraction are regulated by visual processing in the retina. Until now, the messengers released by the retina to induce these changes are largely unknown. Previously, it was found that glucagon amacrine cells respond to defocus in the retinal image and even to its sign. The expression of the immediate-e...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523802196064
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the transmitter released by barnacle photoreceptors onto postsynaptic cells (I-cells). GABA was applied to I-cells either by superfusion or by ejecting it with pressure from a pipette positioned close to the I-cell's soma. The I-cell's response to GABA wa...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800005496
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To date, two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been cloned. The CB1 receptor has been found in a variety of tissues, particularly in the brain. CB2 receptor mRNA is mainly expressed in the immune system, though one group has found it in mouse cerebellum. Previous immunostaining studies in our lab demonstrated t...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800171093
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis that dichromatic behavior on a clinical anomaloscope can be explained by the complement and arrangement of the long- (L) and middle-wavelength (M) pigment genes was tested. It was predicted that dichromacy is associated with an X-chromosome pigment gene array capable of producing only a single functiona...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523804213293
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:L and M cones, divided into two groups by absorption spectra, have not been distinguished by structure. Here, we report what may be such a difference. We reconstructed the synaptic terminals of 16 non-S cones and the dendritic arbors of their ON and OFF midget bipolar cells from high-magnification electron micrographs...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0952523810000477
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phosphoinositide (PI) intracellular signaling pathway, which triggers Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, appears to be a central feature of phototransduction in most invertebrate species studied. Procedures designed to inhibit PI-pathway reactions cause suppression of excitation to dim lights. However, in Lim...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523898151076
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To better understand the evolution of spatial and color vision, the number and spatial distributions of cones, rods, and optic nerve axon numbers were assessed in seven New World primates (Cebus apella, Saimiri ustius, Saguinus midas niger, Alouatta caraya, Aotus azarae, Calllithrix jacchus, and Callicebus moloch). Th...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0952523808080371
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For over 30 years there has been a controversy over whether color-defined motion can be perceived by the human visual system. Some results suggest that there is no chromatic motion mechanism at all, whereas others do find evidence for a purely chromatic motion mechanism. Here we examine the chromatic input to global m...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523803204077
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thresholds for detection of light by a dark-adapted test eye were measured while the other, non-test eye was either similarly dark adapted or while it was exposed to an intense red adapting field. An interocular effect that depends on the retinal location of the test was found: compared to the threshold during binocul...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800005095
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spatial and temporal interactions in the receptive fields of On-Off directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells endow them with directional selectivity. Using a variety of stimuli, such as sinusoidal gratings, we show that these interactions make directional selectivity of the DS ganglion cell robust with respect ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0952523807070666
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bresiliid shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, lives in large masses on the sides of hydrothermal vent chimneys at two sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Although essentially no daylight penetrates to depths of 3500 m, very dim light is emitted from the hydrothermal vents themselves. To exploit this light, R. exoculata has ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800009421
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
