Abstract:
:The objective of this study was to evaluate the maturity of three inhibitory mechanisms (end-inhibition, side-inhibition, and cross-orientation inhibition) in the striate cortex of kittens at 4 weeks postnatal. To accomplish this, we made extracellular recordings from area 17 neurons while presenting visual stimuli consisting of sinusoidal luminance gratings or composites of gratings. We then compared data from kittens relating to various characteristics of each inhibitory mechanism with data from adults. We find that end-inhibition, side-inhibition, and cross-orientation inhibition are all present in kittens, and all show signs of maturity by 4 weeks postnatal. We conclude that the development of these inhibitory mechanisms occurs relatively early, and may coincide with the development of excitatory properties.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Green ES,DeAngelis GC,Freeman RDdoi
10.1017/s0952523800007756subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-11-01 00:00:00pages
1109-17issue
6eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523800007756journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The Tennessee Mouse Genome Consortium (TMGC) is in its fifth year of a ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-based mutagenesis screen to detect recessive mutations that affect the eye and brain. Each pedigree is tested by various phenotyping domains including the eye, neurohistology, behavior, aging, ethanol, drug, social behavior, ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523805225087
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult teleost fish retinas can regenerate neurons following either surgical or pharmacological injury. The cellular milieu of the damaged retina within which regenerated neurons are produced might be different in these two model systems of retinal injury, and thus the phenotypic attributes of regenerated neurons in th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800174115
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::R1-6 dominated electroretinographic (ERG) spectral sensitivities were determined as a function of days posteclosion from carotenoid deprived and replaced white-eyed Drosophila. The sensitivity of flies deprived from egg to adult waxed (about 1.5 log units by day 3), and then waned gradually from 3-11 days (over 2 log ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800011263
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the neural location of the plaid motion coherence process is not precisely known, the middle temporal (MT) cortical area has been proposed as a likely candidate. This claim rests largely on the neurophysiological findings showing that in response to plaid stimuli, a subgroup of cells in area MT responds to th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380000852x
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual responsiveness and spatial tuning of frontal eye field (FEF) neurons were determined using a delayed memory saccade task. Neurons with visual responses were then tested for direction selectivity using moving random dot patterns centered in the visual receptive field. The preferred axis of motion showed a si...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806231055
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bresiliid shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, lives in large masses on the sides of hydrothermal vent chimneys at two sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Although essentially no daylight penetrates to depths of 3500 m, very dim light is emitted from the hydrothermal vents themselves. To exploit this light, R. exoculata has ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800009421
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Receptive field organization of cone-driven bipolar cells was investigated by intracellular recording in the intact light-adapted retina of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Centered spots and concentric annuli of optimum dimensions were used to selectively stimulate the receptive field center and surround wi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523811000071
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunocytochemistry and retrograde labeling were used to define the thalamic projections of calbindin- and parvalbumin-containing cells in superficial layers of the rat's superior colliculus (SC). Quantitative analysis revealed that 90.8 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- standard deviation) of the calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380001141x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptically localized calcium channels shape the timecourse of synaptic release, are a prominent site for neuromodulation, and have been implicated in genetic disease. In retina, it is well established that L-type calcium channels play a major role in mediating release of glutamate from the photoreceptors and bipolar...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523804214055
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circadian rhythms affect the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the visual cells in the eyes of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). These rhythms are mediated by the activity of efferent neurons that project from the central nervous system to all of the eyes. In this study, the optic nerves of Limulus were ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001334
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Observers performed red-green and yellow-blue hue cancellation tasks for a 0.8-deg circular test field on a dark surround, by manipulating the excitation level of one cone class while the other two classes were held constant. The results of the red-green judgments conformed to classical opponent color theory in that b...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801186062
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to compare standard multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) pattern-reversal responses with those produced by pattern-onset, pattern-offset, and pulsed pattern stimuli. mfVEP recordings were obtained from five normal subjects using VERIS and a 4-electrode array. The standard rev...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080954
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ganglion cells of the cat retina that are neither alpha nor beta cells are often lumped for convenience into a single anatomical group--the gamma cells (Boycott & Wässle, 1974; Stone, 1983; Wässle & Boycott, 1991). Defined in this way, gamma cells are the morphological counterpart to the physiological W-cell class, wh...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380000897x
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extrastriate areas TEO and V4 have been associated with form and color vision. Area V4 has also been suggested to participate in processes concerned with attention, stimulus salience, and perceptual learning. In a continuing effort to elucidate the connectional interactions and microcircuitry of these areas, we descri...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002480
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new tissue slice preparation of the cuttlefish eye is described that permits patch-clamp recordings to be acquired from intact photoreceptors during stimulation of the retina with controlled light flashes. Whole-cell recordings using this preparation, from the retinas of very young Sepia officinalis demonstrated tha...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523805223106
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the transmitter released by barnacle photoreceptors onto postsynaptic cells (I-cells). GABA was applied to I-cells either by superfusion or by ejecting it with pressure from a pipette positioned close to the I-cell's soma. The I-cell's response to GABA wa...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005496
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the human eye, domination of the electroretinogram (ERG) by the b-wave and other postreceptor components ordinarily obscures all but the first few milliseconds of the rod photoreceptor response to a stimulating flash. However, recovery of the rod response after a bright rest flash can be analyzed using a paired-fla...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800008774
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is known to affect the speed and accuracy of visual judgments, the underlying electrophysiological response has not been explored. In the present study, we therefore investigated the effect of GVS on the N170 event-related potential, a marker commonly associated with earl...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523812000235
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is reportedly 3% bi-nucleated. The importance to human vision of multi-nucleated (MN)-RPE cells could be clarified with more data about their distribution in central retina. METHODS:Nineteen human RPE-flatmounts (9 ≤ 51 years, 10 > 80 years) were imaged at 12 locat...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523815000310
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effects of picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) on the responses to motions of ON-OFF directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells of the turtle's retina. These drugs are antagonists of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. For continuous motions, picrotoxin markedly reduced the overall directionality...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800008105
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine whether agmatine, a channel permeable probe, can identify photoreceptor dysfunction in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) retina at an earlier stage to that shown by apoptosis or anatomical markers, and also characterize the neurochemical development of the inner retina in the n...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801191066
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonic chick retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can undergo transdifferentiation upon appropriate stimulation. For example, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induces intact RPE tissue younger than embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5) to transdifferentiate into a neural retina. NeuroD, a gene encoding a basic helix-loop...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800171172
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date, two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been cloned. The CB1 receptor has been found in a variety of tissues, particularly in the brain. CB2 receptor mRNA is mainly expressed in the immune system, though one group has found it in mouse cerebellum. Previous immunostaining studies in our lab demonstrated t...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800171093
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parallel processing of visual information begins at the first synapse in the retina between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Ten bipolar cell types have been previously described in the primate retina: one rod and nine cone bipolar types. In this paper, we describe an 11th type of bipolar cell identified in Golgi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000374
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual response to a flash given in the dark is known to saturate according to the Michaelis-Menten relationship. Nevertheless, the incremental response from increasing levels of mean luminance tends to follow a Weber-Fechner relationship well into the saturation range determined from the Michaelis-Menten results....
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800006593
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed two brain slice preparations for studying tectofugal visual pathways in the chick: conventional, 400-microns slices ("thin slices"), and "thick slices" which encompass the rostral pole of the optic tectum and the contralateral optic nerve. Stimulation was delivered with a bipolar electrode positioned...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800008622
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multi-input technique of Sutter and Tran (1992) yields multiple focal ERGs. The purpose here was to compare the components of this multifocal ERG to the components of the standard, full-field ERG. To record multifocal ERGs, an array of 103 hexagons was displayed on a monitor. Full-field (Ganzfeld) ERGs were elicit...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012190
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early in life, visual experience appears to influence the refinement and maintenance of the orientation-selective responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex. After eye opening, the statistical structure of visually driven neural responses depends not only on the stimulus, but also on how the stimulus is scanned...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523804215073
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::L and M cones, divided into two groups by absorption spectra, have not been distinguished by structure. Here, we report what may be such a difference. We reconstructed the synaptic terminals of 16 non-S cones and the dendritic arbors of their ON and OFF midget bipolar cells from high-magnification electron micrographs...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000477
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much of what is currently known about the visual response of retinal bipolar cells is based on studies of rod-dominant responses to flashes in the dark in the isolated retina. This minireview summarizes quantitative findings on contrast processing in the intact light-adapted retina based on intracellular recording fro...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000313
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00