On the distribution of gamma cells in the cat retina.

abstract：:In binocular vision, the lateral displacement of the eyes gives rise to both horizontal and vertical disparities between the images projected onto the left and right retinae. While it is well known that horizontal disparity is exploited by the binocular visual system of birds and mammals to enable depth perception, th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Nieder A,Wagner H

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human visual system is remarkably tolerant to degradation in image resolution: human performance in scene categorization remains high no matter whether low-resolution images or multimegapixel images are used. This observation raises the question of how many pixels are required to form a meaningful representation o...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Torralba A

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several lines of evidence indicate that retinal photoreceptors produce melatonin. However, there are other potential melatonin sources in the retina, and melatonin synthesis can be regulated by feedback from the inner retina. To analyze cellular mechanisms of melatonin regulation in retinal photoreceptors, we have dev...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cahill GM,Besharse JC

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inhibition of [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic amacrine cells by glycine and GABA was studied using an in vivo eyecup preparation in anesthetized rabbits. Glycine (1 mM) had no effect on basal ACh release, but completely blocked the light-evoked release of ACh. Glycine also blocked the strong poten...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Linn DM

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the arthropod medulla, which is the second ganglion on the afferent visual pathway, a column of about 40 cells represents each point in space (i.e. compound eye facet). Some stages of visual processing underlying the responses of one class of cells in the locust medulla have been identified. These transient cells g...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Osorio D

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryonic chick retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can undergo transdifferentiation upon appropriate stimulation. For example, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induces intact RPE tissue younger than embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5) to transdifferentiate into a neural retina. NeuroD, a gene encoding a basic helix-loop...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Yan RT,Wang SZ

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present work, we explore the perceptual bases of infants' spontaneous looking preferences among isoluminant chromatic stimuli (Bornstein, 1975). Three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, adult subjects made brightness matches between a white standard and each of six isoluminant chromatic stimuli. The c...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Teller DY,Civan A,Bronson-Castain K

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the grating acuity and contrast sensitivity of cats whose eye position was monitored with a scleral search-coil technique. During each trial, the cat was required to maintain fixation on a laser spot and respond to the presence or the absence of a grating by pressing a right or left pedal. With this proced...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pasternak T,Horn K

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Horizontal cells and cone photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina are interconnected by a complex network of synapses leading to the generation of color-coded responses in chromaticity horizontal cells. A simple cascade model of excitatory feedforward and inhibitory feedback synapses had been suggested to underlie the...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Asi H,Perlman I

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The technique of current source-density analysis was applied to several components of the light-evoked field potentials (electroretinogram) from the retina of the superfused eyecup of rabbit. The depth distributions of the major current sources and sinks were: b-wave--sink at outer plexiform layer, source at inner ple...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Karwoski CJ,Xu X

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distributions of rod and cone photoreceptors have been determined in the retina of the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi. Retinas were fixed by perfusion and the rods and cones were detected with indirect immunofluorescence using opsin antibodies. Local densities were determined at 2-mm intervals a...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Kryger Z,Galli-Resta L,Jacobs GH,Reese BE

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the reverse Stroop task, observers are instructed to ignore the ink color in which a color word is printed (the distractor color) and to respond to the meaning of the color word (the target). Reaction times (RTs) are faster with congruent combinations when the ink color matches the word than with incongruent combin...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Smithson HE,Khan SS,Sharpe LT,Stockman A

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reduction of blood flow to the rat retina was achieved by either clamping both carotid arteries briefly (24 min) or combining clamping of the carotid arteries with permanent occlusion of the vertebral arteries. Analysis of retinas 6 days after operations showed that GFAP immunoreactivity is expressed throughout the re...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Osborne NN,Block F,Sontag KH

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During adaptation to an increase in environmental luminance, retinal signaling adjustments are mediated by the neuromodulator dopamine. Retinal dopamine is released with light and can affect center-surround receptive fields, the coupling state between neurons, and inhibitory pathways through inhibitory receptors and n...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Mazade RE,Eggers ED

更新日期：2020-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Fish of the genus Anableps (Anablepidae, Cyprinodontiformes) have eyes that are adapted for simultaneous aerial and aquatic vision. In this study we investigate some of the corresponding retinal specializations of the adult Anableps anableps eye using retinal transverse sections and wholemounts. The linear dimensions ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Oliveira FG,Coimbra JP,Yamada ES,Montag LF,Nascimento FL,Oliveira VA,da Mota DL,Bittencourt AM,da Silva VL,da Costa BL

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regeneration of the teleost retina following surgical extirpation of 25% to 100% of the neural retina was investigated in goldfish (Carrasius auratus) and sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). The retina will regenerate following removal of up to 95% of the neural retina, however complete extirpation prevented regeneration. Vi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Mensinger AF,Powers MK

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Starburst amacrine cells (SACs), the only acetylcholine (ACh)-releasing amacrine cells (ACs) in adult rabbit retina, contain GABA and are key elements in the retina's directionally selective (DS) mechanism. Unlike many other GABAergic ACs, they use glutamic acid decarboxlyase (GAD)(67), not GAD(65), to synthesize GABA...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Famiglietti EV,Sundquist SJ

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccadic suppression is the reduced visibility that occurs during saccadic eye movements. Recent psychophysical studies have suggested that this is due to a reduction in responsiveness of magnocellular (M), but not parvocellular (P), cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus. To address this and other phenomena of respo...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Ramcharan EJ,Gnadt JW,Sherman SM

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anterograde transport of cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) was used to study the retinal projections in birds, with an emphasis on retinohypothalamic connections. Pigeons (Columbia livia) were deeply anesthetized and received unilateral intraocular injections of CTb. In addition to known contralateral retinorecipient regi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Shimizu T,Cox K,Karten HJ,Britto LR

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multifocal VEP (mfVEP) responses were obtained from 13 normal human subjects for nine test conditions, covering three viewing conditions (dichoptic and left and right monocular), and three different temporal stimulation forms (rapid contrast reversal, rapid pattern pulse presentation, and slow pattern pulse presentati...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： James AC,Ruseckaite R,Maddess T

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptive field organization of cone-driven bipolar cells was investigated by intracellular recording in the intact light-adapted retina of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Centered spots and concentric annuli of optimum dimensions were used to selectively stimulate the receptive field center and surround wi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Burkhardt DA,Bartoletti TM,Thoreson WB

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tritiated neurotransmitter candidates were unilaterally injected in visual cortical regions with abundant corpus callosum connections. D-aspartate (Asp) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was injected along the area 17/18 border in cat, and the area 17/18a and 17/18b borders in rat. Retrograde Asp label was found contr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Elberger AJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inferior temporal (IT) cortex is a "high-order" region of extrastriate visual cortex important for visual form perception and recognition in adult primates. The pattern of cortical afferents from both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres to anterior IT cortex was determined in infant macaque monkeys 7-18 weeks of...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Rodman HR,Consuelos MJ

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parallel processing of visual information begins at the first synapse in the retina between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Ten bipolar cell types have been previously described in the primate retina: one rod and nine cone bipolar types. In this paper, we describe an 11th type of bipolar cell identified in Golgi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Joo HR,Peterson BB,Haun TJ,Dacey DM

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Surround enhancement (sensitization) is a poorly understood form of network adaptation in which the kinetics of the responses of retinal neurons to test stimuli become faster, and absolute sensitivity of the responses increases with increasing level of steady, surrounding light. Surround enhancement has been observed ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Reifsnider ES,Tranchina D

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arrestins participate in the termination of phototransduction in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the visual arrestins of invertebrates and vertebrates differ significantly from one another in that the invertebrate visual arrestins become phosphorylated rapidly in response to light while those in the photo...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Battelle BA,Andrews AW,Kempler KE,Edwards SC,Smith WC

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For over 30 years there has been a controversy over whether color-defined motion can be perceived by the human visual system. Some results suggest that there is no chromatic motion mechanism at all, whereas others do find evidence for a purely chromatic motion mechanism. Here we examine the chromatic input to global m...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Ruppertsberg AI,Wuerger SM,Bertamini M

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dark-adapted rods exert a tonic suppressive influence upon cone-mediated sensitivity to rapid flicker, a phenomenon called suppressive rod-cone interaction (SRCI). However, rod dark adaptation has negligible influence upon cone-mediated thresholds measured with more usual psychophysical procedures. The present study s...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Frumkes TE,Lange G,Denny N,Beczkowska I

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of spatial vision is relatively well documented in human and nonhuman primates. However, little is known about the development of sensitivity to motion. We measured the development of sensitivity to direction of motion, and the relationship between motion and contrast sensitivity in macaque monkeys as ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Kiorpes L,Movshon JA

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual systems can undergo striking adaptations to specific visual environments during evolution, but they can also be very "conservative." This seems to be the case in motion vision, which is surprisingly similar in species as distant as honeybee and goldfish. In both visual systems, motion vision measured with the o...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Stojcev M,Radtke N,D'Amaro D,Dyer AG,Neumeyer C

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00