Abstract:
:Extrasynaptic transmission is mediated by the diffusion of transmitters, through the extracellular space (ECS) to receptors on neurons and glia. The three-dimensional diffusion of tetramethylammonium (mol. wt 74.1 kDa) was investigated in the isolated rat spinal cord at postnatal days 4-20. The diffusion parameters of the ECS, volume fraction alpha, tortuosity lambda (lambda2 = free/apparent diffusion coefficient in tissue) and nonspecific uptake k', were different in gray and white matter. In both gray and white matter, alpha decreased with neuronal development and gliogenesis by about 15% while lambda significantly increased. Diffusion in gray matter remained isotropic (lambda = 1.65), while in white matter it became anisotropic, i.e. easier along the fibers (lambda = 1.38) than across the fibers (lambda = 1.80). Anisotropy increased in the second postnatal week, during pronounced myelination. In myelinated tissue, preferential diffusion of neuroactive substances occurs along the axons.
journal_name
Neuroreportjournal_title
Neuroreportauthors
Prokopová S,Vargová L,Syková Edoi
10.1097/00001756-199711100-00022subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-11-10 00:00:00pages
3527-32issue
16eissn
0959-4965issn
1473-558Xjournal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROREPORT文献大全abstract::It is not clear whether attention is necessary or not for consciousness. We studied the relationship between attention and consciousness by tracking their electrophysiological correlates. The participants attended to visual targets, ignored nontargets in the prespecified visual field and ignored all stimuli in the opp...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e3280c143c8
更新日期:2007-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::The terrestrial snail Helix lucorum is a promising model for molecular neurobiology since its central nervous system (CNS) is simple and contains many morphologically and functionally identified large neurones. Among these, the giant interneurones located in pleural and parietal ganglia are especially interesting beca...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199401000-00014
更新日期:1994-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Internet gaming disorder is defined as excessive and compulsive use of the internet to engage in games that leads to clinically significant psychosocial impairment. We tested the hypothesis that individuals with internet gaming disorder would be less sensitive to high-risk situations and show aberrant brain activation...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000000584
更新日期:2016-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::We report an event-related potential study investigating the neural basis of interference and facilitation in the picture-word interference paradigm with immediate overt naming. We used the high temporal resolution of the electrophysiological response to dissociate general and specific interference processes, by compa...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e328309ecd1
更新日期:2008-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Three adult Japanese monkeys (M. fuscata: body weights 4.5-8.5 kg) were trained to walk quadrupedally on a surface of a moving treadmill (walking length and width: 150 cm and 60 cm, treadmill speed: 0.4-1.7 m s-1. At any different constant treadmill velocity, the monkeys exhibited a diagonal pattern of locomotor movem...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199610020-00004
更新日期:1996-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique for noninvasively stimulating specific cortical regions of the brain with small (<2 mA) and constant direct current on the scalp. tDCS has been widely applied, not only for medical treatment, but also for cognitive and somatosensory function enhancement, mo...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000000283
更新日期:2014-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we examined the expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its receptor (IGF-IR) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in two rodent models of nerve injury: sciatic nerve axotomy and streptozotocin-induced (STZ) painful diabetic neuropathy. We demonstrate that IGF-I and its receptor are prefe...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200209160-00016
更新日期:2002-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and erythropoietin (EPO) are induced in brain cells after brain ischemia and show synergistic neuroprotective effects. In LN215 astrocytoma cells, IGF-1 induced the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1, leading to increases in EPO mRNA levels and the secretion of EPO. Interesti...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e32831743fb
更新日期:2008-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is constitutively expressed in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord, but its role in the spinal cord is still unclear. We examined the effect of intrathecally administered NS398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor and indomethacin, an non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor, on the developmen...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199812010-00019
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuregulins (NRG), the only trophic factors known to support Schwann cell survival, have a potential for use in treatment of patients with chronic neuropathies. Expression of one NRG isoform, NRG-beta1, was increased in axons in the early phase of axonal degeneration in nerve biopsy specimens from patients with neurop...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200011270-00017
更新日期:2000-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::The functional organization of intrinsic connections in the cat motor cortex was examined by combining intracortical microstimulation with neuroanatomical tracers. After single injections of a dye into a cortical site from which wrist flexion was evoked, clusters of retrogradely labeled somata and of anterogradely lab...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199305000-00013
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined the effect of peripherally applied morphine and GABA on jaw muscle electromyographic activity reflexly evoked by co-injection of glutamate into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of lightly anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. In male but not female rats, morphine significantly sup...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200111160-00016
更新日期:2001-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Topiramate is a structurally novel neurotherapeutic agent with a unique combination of pharmacological properties and currently is available in most world markets for treating several seizure disorders. Because its pharmacological profile was suggestive of possible activity as a neuroprotectant, topiramate was evaluat...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200104170-00033
更新日期:2001-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotrophins are promising candidates to slow the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease in which spinal and cortical motoneurons selectively degenerate. In a long-term in vitro model, malonate-induced toxicity and cell death of motoneurons have been demonstrated. Here we stud...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200105250-00013
更新日期:2001-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::The major central nervous system (CNS) myelin proteolipid (PLP) is also expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This paper gives evidence that DM-20, an isoform of PLP, also occurs in rat sciatic nerves, where, in contrast to what is seen in CNS myelin, it predominates over PLP. This conclusion was reached o...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199102000-00006
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latexin is a novel 29 kDa protein which is expressed in a subpopulation of neurones in the lateral cerebral cortex of adult rats. Here, we report the distribution of immunohistochemically detectable latexin in the rat brain during early phases of development. Latexin was first detected at embryonic day 11 (E11) along ...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199501000-00014
更新日期:1995-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is present in a large proportion of patients suffering from chronic pain, and yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Neuroligins (NLs), as a family of cell-adhesion proteins, are involved in synaptic formation and have been linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we studied the a...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000001045
更新日期:2018-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer disease (AD) patients show increased plasma levels of homocysteine, whose conversion to methionine is catalyzed by methionine synthase (MS). Although altered MS activity may result from the MS A2756G polymorphism, the latter's possible associ-ation with AD remains unexplored. To assess whether the MS A2756G ...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000073683.00308.0e
更新日期:2003-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis emphasize the importance of water flux through the pericapillary (Virchow-Robin) space for both CSF production and reabsorption (Oreskovic and Klarica hypothesis), and challenge the classic CSF circulation theory, which proposes that CSF is primarily produced by ...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000000042
更新日期:2014-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::The study aimed to compare the whole-brain gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV) difference between primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients and health controls (HCs) using a voxel-based morphometry method. A total of 27 patients with PACG (17 males and 10 females) and 27 HCs (17 males and 10 fe...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000001126
更新日期:2018-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can non-invasively examine the molecular diffusion of water in vivo and directly reflects the anatomical integrity of neural fibers in white matter. Fractional anisotropy (FA) can be calculated from DTI data, and utilized to evaluate white matter integrity. DTI was performed on 30 patien...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200310060-00015
更新日期:2003-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::This study shows distributions of lacZ-positive cells in the vestibular labyrinthine explants of young guinea pigs with mature ears. When adenovirus lacZ vectors were administered to the vestibular labyrinth following removal of the otoconial membrane, lacZ-positive cells were observed in the mesothelial cells in the ...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200112210-00032
更新日期:2001-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Event-related potential (ERP) studies have shown that responses to illusory (IC), as compared to no contours (NC), may differ within 200 ms following stimulus presentation. However, whether these responses reflect the modulation of similar, or the activation of distinct brain regions has never been assessed. Using ERP...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200205240-00013
更新日期:2002-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::There is disagreement in the literature as to whether smooth pursuit latency is reduced when a temporal gap is introduced between the extinction of a central fixation target and the illumination of an eccentric moving target. This study confirms that in human subjects smooth pursuit latency is reduced by gaps and that...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199803300-00008
更新日期:1998-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Dysfunction of the cholinergic system of the basal forebrain complex is one of the major contributors toward cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, degeneration of cholinergic fibers that project to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus may be attributed to the development of neurofibrillary tangles (N...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000000423
更新日期:2015-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of CNS distribution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor saquinavir may involve ATP-dependent membrane-bound efflux transport proteins that are expressed in several brain cellular compartments. We recently characterized molecular and functional expression of one such transporter, mul...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200405190-00020
更新日期:2004-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Propofol is widely used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, which causes a rapid loss of consciousness. So far the mechanisms underlying the effect of propofol are still largely unknown. Here, we found that microinjection of propofol in the lateral hypothalamus caused a significant decrease in wakefulness an...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000001292
更新日期:2019-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::GABAA receptors mediate the inhibition of somatostatin release in hypothalamic neurones. To study the possible effect of GABA on somatostatin biosynthesis, somatostatin and preprosomatostatin mRNA levels were evaluated after exposure of hypothalamic neurones to muscimol or bicuculline. Muscimol (50 microM) decreased p...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199303000-00024
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined cerebral representations of Japanese long and short vowel categories with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) by measuring the hemodynamic changes. Results showed that NIRS could capture phoneme-specific information. The left side of the auditory area showed large hemodynamic changes only for ...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00001756-200204160-00009
更新日期:2002-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined the distribution in the human spinal cord of a unique carboxy terminus sequence contained within MOR-1C, one of the recently described splice variants of the cloned mu opioid receptor gene MOR-1. Although MOR-1-like immunoreactivity (LI) and delta opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity were o...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200006260-00029
更新日期:2000-06-26 00:00:00