Abstract:
:Fluorescent dyes are increasingly being exploited to track lymphocyte migration and proliferation. The present paper reviews the properties and performance of some 14 different fluorescent dyes that have been used during the last 20 years to monitor lymphocyte migration. Of the 14 dyes discussed, two stand out as being the most versatile in terms of long-term tracking of lymphocytes and their ability to quantify lymphocyte proliferation. They are the intracellular covalent coupling dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and the membrane inserting dye PKH26. Both dyes have the advantage that they can be used to track cell division, both in vitro and in vivo, due to the progressive halving of the fluorescence intensity of the dyes in cells after each division. However, CFSE appears to have the edge over PKH26 based on homogeneity of lymphocyte staining and cost. Two other fluorescent dyes, although not suitable for lymphocyte proliferation studies, are valuable tracking dyes for short-term (up to 3 day) lymphocyte migration experiments, namely the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 and the cytoplasmic dye calcein. In the future it is highly likely that additional fluorescent dyes, with different spectral properties to CFSE, will become available, as well as membrane inserting fluorescent dyes that more homogeneously label lymphocytes than PKH26.
journal_name
Immunol Cell Bioljournal_title
Immunology and cell biologyauthors
Parish CRdoi
10.1046/j.1440-1711.1999.00877.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-12-01 00:00:00pages
499-508issue
6eissn
0818-9641issn
1440-1711pii
877journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Elucidating pathways that regulate cytokine production in the context of autoimmune disease will likely lead to the development of novel therapeutics. Herein, we review data suggesting that microRNAs (miRs) represent one such level of regulatory activity, with particular emphasis on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arth...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/icb.2011.114
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mucosal system is the first line of defense against many pathogens. It is continuously exposed to dietary and microbial antigens, and thus the host must maintain a homeostatic environment between commensal microbiota and pathogenic infections. Following infections and inflammatory events, a rapid innate immune res...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/icb.2012.13
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an urgent need for new, powerful adjuvants suitable for use with sub-unit and peptide vaccines in humans. We have measured the humoral immune response in BALB/c mice to vaccine formulations using recombinant HBsAg antigens, and gamma inulin and alum adjuvants. Using Merck, Sharpe & Dohme (MSD) HBsAg at 10 mic...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.1990.15
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD8+ T lymphocytes are key effectors in the control of viral diseases and some tumours. In general, the majority of CD8+ T cells recognize a few immunodominant epitopes, but in some circumstances, subdominant specificities may be more relevant as targets for vaccines or immunotherapy. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associat...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100083
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral tolerance mechanisms limit autoimmunity by constitutively eliminating self-reactive CD8+ T cells from the periphery in a process called deletion. Previous work has demonstrated that this deletion process is mediated by BIM-dependent apoptotic death due to transcriptional induction of the Bim gene. Currently...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.2016.53
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influx of Ca2+ via Ca2+ channels is the major step triggering exocytosis of pituitary somatotropes to release growth hormone (GH). Voltage-gated Ca2+ and K+ channels, the primary determinants of the influx of Ca2+, are regulated by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) through G-protein-coupled intracellular signalling systems....
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1711.2000.00917.x
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ex vivo mammary explant systems are an excellent model to study interactions between epithelium and stromal cell types because they contain physiologically relevant heterotypic interactions in the background of genetically diverse patients. The intact human mammary tissue, termed patient-derived explant (PDE), can be ...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imcb.12381
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and immunophenotype marker profiles was studied in a panel of 29 leukaemia and human T cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1)-transformed T cell lines. Culture supernatants from six of the 29 T cell lines tested increased IL-2 production by ...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.1993.56
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of infections like sepsis and meningitis, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Human macrophages are able to phagocytose and digest L. monocytogenes but IL-4 prevents human macrophages from killing the bacteria, the mechanisms of which are unknown. In the present study, ...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1711.2003.01196.x
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult Nematospiroides dubius excretory-secretory (ES) products were collected from worms cultured in vitro, radiolabelled and separated by sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The components were characterized and assessed for molecular weight (MW) after autoradiography and gel staining, for a...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.1989.16
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a need for non-living adjuvant vectors that will allow a full range of local and systemic immune responses to orally administered purified antigens. Here we describe our experience with lipophilic immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) containing the saponin adjuvant Quil A. When given orally, ISCOMs containin...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1711.1998.00749.x
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::γδ T cells producing interleukin-17A (γδT17) are thought to develop spontaneously in the thymus and to be maintained in the periphery. Previous studies suggested a role for T-helper 17 (Th17) cells in the maintenance of γδT17 via the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1). However, we have previously foun...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.2016.94
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural suppressor (NS) cell line (Clone 59) was established from the bone marrow of adult C3H/Hej mice in the presence of WEHI-3 conditioned media. Clone 59 cells suppressed the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from normal mouse spleen. This suppression was seen at a responder-to-suppressor cell ratio of 1000:1 ...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.1995.51
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungal keratitis is a major cause of corneal ulcers, resulting in significant visual impairment and blindness. A phosphorylated glycoprotein secreted by immunocompetent cells, osteopontin (OPN) mediates cluster formation of the host fungal receptors and enhances the phagocytosis and clearance of pathogenic fungi. Howe...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imcb.12010
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD4(+) T cells are activated upon recognition of peptide antigen in the context of MHC class II molecules, expressed by specialized APC. In this study, we show that CD4(+) T cells cross-compete for antigenic complexes on the surface of APC, inhibiting activation of other potentially reactive T cells of the same and di...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.0818-9641.2004.01233.x
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family members impart cell-type specificity to toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, and we recently identified a role for IRF6 in TLR2 signalling in epithelial cells. TLR3 has a well-characterized role in wound healing in the skin, and here, we examined TLR3-dependent IRF6 functions ...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.2015.77
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The utility of T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice in medical research has been considerable, with applications ranging from basic biology all the way to translational and clinical investigations. Crossing of TCR transgenic mice with either recombination-activating gene (RAG)-1 or RAG-2 knockouts is frequently used ...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imcb.12033
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A clone of cells secreting an antibody to an epidermal antigen was generated from a patient with a blistering skin lesion. Although produced by fusion of human lymphocytes to a HAT-sensitive myeloma, this clone of cells did not have characteristics of a hybridoma. A true hybridoma was produced by fusion of this clone ...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.1988.30
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allergic asthma is responsible for widespread morbidity and mortality and its incidence has increased dramatically in industrialized countries over the past two decades. Here, we describe a new murine model of allergic asthma utilizing a novel allergen with intrinsic enzymatic activity similar to that reported for man...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1711.2004.01303.x
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is important in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. TNF-alpha-deficient mice show more severe colonic inflammation than wild-type (Wt) mice, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay and histopathology, we found t...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100112
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adaptive immune system arose 600 million years ago in a cold-blooded fish. Over countless generations, our antecedents tuned the function of the T-cell receptor (TCR). The TCR system is arguably the most complex known to science. The TCR evolved hypervariability to fight the hypervariability of pathogens and cance...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imcb.12377
更新日期:2020-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Deoxyspergualin (DOSP) is a new immunosuppressive agent which probably inhibits various functions of monocytes, B cells and T cells. We examined the effects of deoxyspergualin on cellular cytotoxicity, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mediated killer, natural killer (NK) cell and lymphokine activated killer (LAK...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.1991.26
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alpha-gal epitope (Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-(3)4GlcNAc-R) is abundantly synthesized on glycolipids and glycoproteins of non-primate mammals and New World monkeys by the glycosylation enzyme alpha1,3galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT). In humans, apes and Old World monkeys, this epitope is absent because the alpha1,3GT g...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01366.x
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Active Brugia pahangi microfilariae (Mf) were injected into naive male BALB/c mice intraperitoneally. Microfilaraemia was studied for 28 days; and Mf circulated in blood in optimum numbers from 3 to 14 days. Anti-Mf response was assessed by the rate of disappearance of Mf from blood as well as their absence from visce...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.1988.43
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 120-kDa protein product of the c-Cbl proto-oncogene is a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic protein that is especially abundant in the thymus, indicating an important role for Cbl in thymic signalling. c-Cbl possesses a highly conserved N-terminal phosphotyrosine binding domain, a C3HC4 RING finger motif, multiple...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1711.1998.00768.x
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple levels of regulation of collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 1; MMP-1), have been demonstrated in a clonal rat epithelial cell line (A5P/B10). Secreted enzyme could not be demonstrated in culture medium from A5P/B10 cells but, using antibodies specific for collagenase, the enzyme was detected within the cyto...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.1993.4
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::NKT cells are a minor subset of T cells that have important roles in controlling immune responses in disease states including cancer, autoimmunity and pathogenic infections. In contrast to conventional T cells, NKT cells express an invariant TCR and respond to glycolipids presented by CD1d. In this study, we sought to...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01396.x
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolutionarily conserved catabolic process of autophagy involves the degradation of cytoplasmic components through lysosomal enzymes. Basal levels of autophagy maintain cellular homeostasis and under stress conditions high levels of autophagy are induced. It is often under such stress conditions that high levels o...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/icb.2014.85
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differentiation of myeloid cells into macrophages and granulocytes is accompanied by marked changes in adhesive phenotype. Here we seek to understand the regulation of expression and functionality of the VLA-4 (alpha 4 beta 1), LPAM-1 (alpha 4 beta 7) and HML-1 (alpha E beta 7) integrins on monocytes/macrophages a...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.1996.67
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD8 T cells exhibit dynamic alterations in proliferation and apoptosis during various phases of the CD8 T-cell response, but the mechanisms that regulate cellular proliferation from the standpoint of CD8 T-cell memory are not well defined. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) functions as a negative regulat...
journal_title:Immunology and cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/icb.2012.71
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00