Abstract:
:A set of 53 individuals from a population highly exposed to airborne hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were selected to study the elimination kinetics of this chemical in humans. The volunteers provided blood, 24-hr urine, and feces samples for analysis of HCB and metabolites. The serum HCB concentrations ranged from 2.4 to 1,485 ng/mL (mean +/- SD, 124 +/- 278), confirming that this human population has the highest HCB blood levels ever reported. All analyzed feces samples contained unchanged HCB (range, 11-3,025 ng/g dry weight; mean +/- SD, 395 +/- 629). The HCB concentration in feces strongly correlated with HCB in serum (r = 0.85; p < 0.001), suggesting an equilibrium in feces/serum that is compatible with a main pulmonary entrance of the chemical and low intestinal excretion of nonabsorbed foodborne HCB. The equilibrium is also compatible with a nonbiliary passive transfer of the chemical to the intestinal lumen. Two HCB main metabolites, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and pentachlorobenzenethiol (PCBT), were detected in 51% and 54% of feces samples, respectively. All urine samples contained PCP and PCBT, confirming the conclusions of a previous study [Environ Health Perspect 105:78-83 (1997)]. The comparison between feces and urine showed that whereas daily urinary elimination of metabolites may account for 3% of total HCB in blood, intestinal excretion of unchanged HCB may account for about 6%, thus showing the importance of metabolism in the overall elimination of HCB. The elimination of HCB and metabolites by both routes, however, appears to be very small (< 0.05%/day) as compared to the estimated HCB adipose depots. Features of HCB kinetics that we present in this study, i.e., nonsaturated intestinal elimination of HCB and excretion in feces and urine of inert glutathione derivatives, may explain, in part, the absence of porphyria cutanea in this human population heavily exposed to HCB.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
To-Figueras J,Barrot C,Sala M,Otero R,Silva M,Ozalla MD,Herrero C,Corbella J,Grimalt J,Sunyer Jdoi
10.1289/ehp.00108595subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-07-01 00:00:00pages
595-8issue
7eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924pii
sc271_5_1835journal_volume
108pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This article provides an overview of methods for reliability assessment of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models in the context of regulatory acceptance of human health and environmental QSARs. Useful diagnostic tools and data analytical approaches are highlighted and exemplified. Particular empha...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.5758
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies report a small but positive association between short-term increases in airborne particulate matter and small increases in morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular disease in urban areas. However, the lack of a mechanistic explanation to link particle exposure and human healt...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/ehp.98106127
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haloalkane toxicity originates from attack on biological targets by reactive intermediates derived from haloalkane metabolism by a hemoprotein, cytochrome P-450. Carbon-centered radicals and their peroxyl derivatives are most likely involved. The reactions of iron porphyrin--a model for cytochrome P-450--with various ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.856453
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extreme heat events (EHEs) are increasing in frequency in large U.S. cities and are responsible for a greater annual number of climate-related fatalities, on average, than any other form of extreme weather. In addition, low-density, sprawling patterns of urban development have been associated with enhanced s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/ehp.0901879
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of DEHP on sperm morphology and on peripheral blood micronuclei were studied for 12 weeks following five subacute IP injections of DEHP at 1/6, 1/12, and 1/60 of the LD50 per day. Sperm morphology was examined in both adult mice and rats, while peripheral blood micronuclei were scored in mice up to 4 weeks...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8665255
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs (HO-PCBs) and octachlorostyrene (4-HO-HpCS), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were determined in umbilical cord plasma samples from three different regions of Québec. The regions studied included two coastal areas where exposure to PCBs is...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/ehp.02110411
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of inhalation toxicology as a distinct discipline can be traced back well over one hundred years. The technology has advanced in terms of materials and designs used to construct inhalation chambers and the equipment used to generate controlled test atmospheres of a wide variety of gases, vapors, dusts,...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.85-1568347
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A human lymphoblastoid cell line has been used to test for mutations caused by combustion-generated soot particles and their constituent components, which are substrate carbon-black and adsorbed condensate, principally in the form of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It was found that the mutagenicity of the PAH...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9196239
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chlorinated hydrocarbons chloroform (CHCl3), 1,1-dichlorethane (1,1-DCE) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) have been detected in finished drinking water. When administered to B6C3F1 mice by gavage in corn oil, these compounds have been shown to induce hepatic tumors. The present study examines the effect on liver t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866989
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1977 creates the need to reliably establish testing priorities because laboratory resources are limited and the number of industrial chemicals requiring evaluation is overwhelming. The use of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models as rapid and p...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8771171
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in genetic susceptibility to hazardous chemicals affect individuals of both human and nonhuman populations. In both cases, differences in response to chemicals or general ill health result as a function of these differences in genetic susceptibility. However, ecological systems are a compilation of hundred...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4843
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pavlovian conditioning processes may contribute to some symptoms of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). This review summarizes the potential relevance of the literature on conditional taste and olfactory aversions, conditional sensitization, and conditional immunomodulation to understanding MCS. A conditioning-based ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s2521
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most air pollution in West Germany is caused by combustion products. Particulate organic matter released by incomplete combustion is suspected to contribute to the "urban factor" of lung cancer frequency in urban-industrial centers. The carcinogenic potential of single components, groups of compounds and total source ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8347293
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of lime in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., O2-., H2O2, and OH., from betel-quid components (extracts of areca nut and catechu) was investigated in vitro using a chemiluminescence technique and an assay for oxidative DNA damage involving analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Of the var...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9298203
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies performed earlier have shown a positive relation between blood lead (a parameter for lead body burden) and blood pressure, whereas such a relation between urine cadmium (a parameter for cadmium body burden) and blood pressure could not be shown. Median (i.e., 50th percentile, P50) blood levels in the general p...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.887867
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) or to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) increases mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) subtype activity, which influences lipid metabolism. Because cholesterol is the substrate from which testosterone is synthesized, exposure to...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1408847
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a model of the distribution of noise annoyance with the mean varying as a function of the noise exposure. Day-night level (DNL) and day-evening-night level (DENL) were used as noise descriptors. Because the entire annoyance distribution has been modeled, any annoyance measure that summarizes this distributi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109409
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report updates the risk assessment by Crump and Allen for benzene-induced leukemia that was based on a cohort exposed to benzene in the manufacture of Pliofilm. The present study derives new risk estimates using data from follow-up through 1987 (whereas the earlier assessment only had follow-up available through ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.961041437
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that local public health agencies use local data to identify children at risk for lead exposure to ensure that they receive preventive services. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of a geographic information system (GIS) in identifying...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0110989
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously reported that rats are resilient to the hepatotoxic and lethal combination of chlordecone (CD) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) during early postnatal development. The overall findings pointed to stimulated cell division and tissue repair mechanisms as the underlying cause of resistance. The objectiv...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106597
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The type II cell plays an important role in the response of the alveolar epithelium after lung injury through its synthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant, and by acting as the stem cell for the replacement of damaged type I epithelial cells. The nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell is thought to pla...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s51179
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cooking, heat processing, or pyrolysis of protein-rich foods induce the formation of a series of structurally related heterocyclic aromatic bases that have been found to be mutagens. The primary genetic assay utilized to detect and isolate these mutagens has been the his reversion assay in Salmonella typhimurium. The ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.866793
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on the fate of 14C-labeled vinyl chloride (VC) following oral administration and inhalation exposure in rats demonstrated that the disposition of VC in the body is a function of the dose. More importantly, from the data available, it appears that a correlation exists between doses of VC which cause tumors and ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7617145
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinogenic nickel compounds are usually found to be weak mutagens; therefore these compounds may not exert their carcinogenic activity through conventional genotoxic mechanisms. On the other hand, the activities of many nickel compounds have not been adequately investigated. We evaluated the genotoxic activities of ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s973
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific composite DNA probes (chromosome painting) is a reliable and efficient method for detecting structural chromosome aberrations. Painting is now being used to quantify chromosome damage in many human populations. In one such study we evaluated 91 unexposed peop...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s3489
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to current data, the capacity to cause nonprogrammed or unscheduled cell proliferation in target tissues, a common characteristic of chemical carcinogens, may play a more important role in the development of tumors than does genotoxicity. This paper provides strong support for the validity of this conclusion...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9610440
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipocortins are structurally related, glucocorticoid-inducible proteins that inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2), thereby reducing the liberation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids and so limiting the synthesis of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators. This study is the first demonstration of one lipocortin, lipocortin 1 ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.85-1568329
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The association of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) with breast cancer is controversial, but animal studies directly linking DDT to risk are lacking. Concerns with DDT reside in its environmental persistence, bioaccumulation in breast adipose tissue, and endocrine-disrupting actions. Whereas most attent...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104327
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (EPHTN) proposes to link environmental hazards and exposures to health outcomes. Statistical methods used in case-control and cohort studies to link health outcomes to individual exposure estimates are well developed. However, reliable exposure estimates for many contam...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7145
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lung epithelium resorbs alveolar fluid through combined action of sodium channels and the sodium pump, Na,K-ATPase. The lung often is exposed to hyperoxia in disease states and hyperoxia generates a mixture of reactive oxygen species. In vivo and in vitro exposure of rat lung and alveolar type II cells, respective...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s51213
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00