Abstract：
:Most experimental spinal cord injury studies described to date have relied on a limited number of injury gradations, and have tacitly assumed that outcome (functional, histological, and/or neurophysiological) is a monotonically graded function of injury severity. In contrast, the present study provides evidence that functional and morphological outcome after spinal cord compression injury may occur in a discontinuous, non-graded manner in response to linearly graded injury levels. The thoracic spinal cord of adult rats was transiently compressed to thicknesses from 1.8 to 0.8 mm in 0.2 mm steps, or sham injury was administered. Open field motor behavior and segmental reflexes were evaluated up to 21 days post injury and correlated with histological measures and injury level. The highest correlation was between histological outcome and open field motor scores. Among the six injury groups, only three significantly different outcomes were apparent in the open field, reflex, and histological measures, consisting of the injury group pairs 1.8/1.6, 1.4/1.2, and 1.0/0.8 mm. At day 21, the 1.8/1.6 mm injury groups were also indistinguishable from the sham injury group. The implications of these findings in terms of therapeutic studies are discussed. Comparison of the temporal outcome patterns among contusion and compression injuries in rats and other species also revealed a significant species difference: a period of delayed or secondary functional loss reported in the guinea pig was not present in the rat.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Gruner JA,Yee AK,Blight ARsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-08-05 00:00:00pages
90-101issue
1eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
0006-8993(96)00366-6journal_volume
729pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal-binding proteins that are expressed in many tissues including brain. MTs protect cells and organs against metal toxicity and oxidants. Among MTs, a brain-predominant subtype MT-III has prominent neuroprotective activity against various types of damage. Here we show that the expression ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02633-7
更新日期：2003-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent reports have identified discrepancies between the anatomical distribution of transmitters and their receptors, a phenomenon known as transmitter-receptor mismatch. However, quantitative determinations of transmitter activity and receptor density in individual brain regions have not been conducted in parallel. W...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(88)90038-8
更新日期：1988-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and the NO-releasing agents sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), whole-cell patch-clamp currents and on glutamate-stimulated [3H]di...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(92)91690-g
更新日期：1992-10-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The participation of amygdaloid and striatal structures in the various signs of morphine withdrawal syndrome (MWS) has been investigated using two complementary approaches: intracerebral application of naloxone in various nuclei of dependent rats and effects of various lesions and transections on systemically induced ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(79)90915-6
更新日期：1979-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Choline molecules are needed for the synthesis of acetylcholine and phospholipids in the mammalian brain. An enzymatic activity capable of forming lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) from the step-by-step methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine is identified in the bovine brain. This enzyme(s), phosphatidylethanolamine-N-m...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(79)90447-5
更新日期：1979-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotoxic effects produced by ibotenic acid (IA) induced chemical lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) cholinergic system were examined on the opioid peptidergic system in adult rats. Forebrain cholinergic systems were bilaterally lesioned by the infusion of IA (1 or 5 micrograms/site) into the nucleus bas...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(92)90668-y
更新日期：1992-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that ATP elevates cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) in myenteric neurons expressing the Ca2+ binding protein, calbindin-D28. A laser microbeam marked the location of cultured neurons on coverslips and provided unequivocal relocation of ATP-responsive neurons after im...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(96)00280-6
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, are widely activated in neurons and glia in the injured brain, a response thought to induce apoptosis. However, caspase activation in astrocytes following injury is not strongly associated with apoptosis. The present study investigates the potential role of caspase activation ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.056
更新日期：2012-04-23 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously reported the presence of Erk2 type mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and enrichment of its substrates in the post-synaptic density (PSD) fraction, and suggested a role for MAPK in the synaptic transmission and its modulation [Suzuki, T., Okumura-Noji, K., Nishida, E., ERK2-type mitogen-activated pr...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01762-x
更新日期：1999-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The possibility of retinotopic organization of pathways of retinal fibers within the optic tract and the tectum of the frog was studied by selective labeling of the retinal fibers with horseradish peroxidase. Within the optic tract the pathways of the ventral, temporal and dorsal retinal fibers were ordered from the d...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(81)90097-4
更新日期：1981-02-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examines comparatively the cellular density of disector-counted/Nissl-stained CA1 pyramidal neurons and the morphometric characteristics (dendritic number/length, spine number/density and Sholl-counted dendritic branch points/20 microm) of the basal and apical dendritic systems of Golgi-impregnated C...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.037
更新日期：2008-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (kinase A) has recently been shown to enhance responses evoked by stimulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors in cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Here we report results of experiments designed to determine if activation of the...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(92)90803-h
更新日期：1992-03-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Loss of dopaminergic neurons from the pars compacta of the substantia nigra is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and results in a partial deafferentation to the striatum. Since deafferentation is known to induce transynaptic atrophy of postsynaptic cells, we examined by Golgi impregnation the morph...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(88)90124-2
更新日期：1988-07-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF/SF), is a heparin-binding polypeptide which stimulates DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types and also promotes cell migration and morphogenesis. HGF/SF mRNA has been found in a variety of tissues, including brain. In a previous study, we showed that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00958-x
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pineal glands of male Syrian hamsters stimulated in vivo with isoproterenol (ISO) for 4 h before the onset of darkness showed a 4-h advance in the timing of the nighttime increases in both N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin levels. When ISO (1 mg/kg) was administered every 2 h to animals kept in light during t...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(88)90633-6
更新日期：1988-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Lesions of the insular cortex (IC) attenuate acquisition of conditioned taste aversions (CTAs). We have suggested that this impairment is the expected consequence of a failure of IC-lesioned (ICX) rats to recognize unfamiliar taste stimuli as novel. That is, ICX rats treat novel taste stimuli as if they are familiar a...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2008.12.058
更新日期：2009-03-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence is provided that carbonic anhydrase-II is localized in the central nervous system to wide spread systems of oligodendrocytes and restricted astroglia populations, involving both fiber bundles and neuropil. It is suggested that CO2 formed in activated axons may, via carbonic anhydrase-II, give rise to protons ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)00026-m
更新日期：1995-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular recordings were made from neurons in the isolated myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum. Methionine- and leucine-enkephalin were applied to the neurons either by adding them to the perfusing solution in known concentrations or be ejecting them by microiontophoresis. When applied in the perfusion solut...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(79)90045-3
更新日期：1979-04-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) is a growth factor that regulates cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, and is involved in several physical and pathological processes. The overexpression of PDGF-B in glioma surgical samples revealed its effect on tumorigenesis. In this study, we determined that...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.045
更新日期：2014-03-27 00:00:00
abstract：:A direct projection from rat mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) neurons to the hypoglossal nucleus (XII) motoneurons was studied using a double labeling method of anterogradely biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) tracing combined with retrogradely horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport at both light and electron micr...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02911-0
更新日期：2001-10-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study investigated the time course of the implicit processing of erotic stimuli using event-related potentials (ERPs). ERPs elicited by erotic pictures were compared with those by three other types of pictures: non-erotic positive, negative, and neutral pictures. We observed that erotic pictures evoked enh...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2012.10.019
更新日期：2012-12-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Schwann cell is a cell type that forms myelin sheath and provides trophic supports for neuronal cells by producing neurotrophic factors such as neurotrophins and neurokines in both normal and traumatic situations. It was recently reported that after lesion of sciatic nerve, mRNA for cholinergic differentiation factor ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01015-9
更新日期：1997-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:By the use of anti-omega-CTx antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence we demonstrated the presence of omega-CTx binding sites in the presynaptic compartment of frog nerve-muscle preparations. The images we obtained indicate that omega-CTx-sensitive channels are clustered at discrete sites corresponding in distributio...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(91)90981-z
更新日期：1991-05-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral ENA713 (0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), dose-dependently enhanced extracellular acetylcholine concentrations in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. This effect was paralleled by changes in both noradrenergic and dopaminergic transmission. In particular, ENA713 significantly ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02266-6
更新日期：2000-05-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating stroke often modelled in rats. Isoflurane anesthetic, commonly used in preclinical research, affects general physiology (e.g., blood pressure) and electrophysiology (e.g., burst suppression) in many ways. These physiological changes may detract from the clinical relevanc...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146593
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons located in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), a region important in the control of nociception, appear to be tonically inhibited by noradrenergic (NA) neurons. Anatomical studies have suggested that the A5 catecholamine nucleus may be the primary source of noradrenergic neurons whose terminals are located in the ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(86)91108-x
更新日期：1986-04-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cerebral ischemia is a major leading cause of death and at the first place cause of disability all over the world. There are a lot of drugs that are in experimental stage for treatment of stroke. Among them are calcium channel blockers (CCBs) that have, in animal models, different effectiveness in healing of...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2007.07.038
更新日期：2007-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the lateral parabrachial area (lPB) in the acquisition of a delayed taste aversion learning task (TAL) was examined by delivering the peripherally acting aversive compound, methylscopolamine (MSP), through two different routes, intraperitoneal and intraventricular. Consistent with previous anatomical, beha...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02453-7
更新日期：2000-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：:A quantitative double blind procedure is described to test the myelinotoxicity of cerebrospinal fluid (SSF) by using optic nerves of Xenopus tadpoles as an in vivo model of a myelinated CNS tract. Only 0.5 ml of unconcentrated CSF is needed for a test and the result is known in 5 days. Groups of 8-10 Xenopus tadpoles ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(77)90500-5
更新日期：1977-01-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of intracerebroventricular administration of low-antinociceptive doses of selective mu- (DAMGO) or delta- (DPDPE) opioid agonists on the dose-dependent antinociceptive effects produced by intrathecal administration of sequentially increasing doses of selective mu-, delta-, or kappa-(U50,488H) opioid agonist...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(92)91449-o
更新日期：1992-11-06 00:00:00
