Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Although family, twin and adoption studies have suggested that lifetime major depression (MD) is a heritable condition, nearly all these studies have relied for the diagnosis on long-term human memory, which is fallible and potentially biased. Could the estimates of heritability of MD be biased by the well-demonstrated genetic influences on memory? METHODS:Both members of 858 female-female twin pairs from a population-based registry were personally interviewed at least three times over 9 years. The interview assessed a history of depressive onsets and recoveries in the last year to the nearest month. We examine heritability of MD using four recall intervals: last year, last 6 months, last 3 months and current month. RESULTS:Examining the occurrence of one or more depressive episodes across all three interviews, heritabilities of MD (95% CI) for the four time periods were: 0.41 (0.27-0.54), 0.41 (0.26-0.55), 0.35 (0.16-0.52) and 0.34 (0.11-0.55). These heritability estimates did not differ significantly from one another. A similar pattern was found if heritability was assessed for the number of interviews in which criteria for MD were met. CONCLUSION:Modelling results suggest that the heritability of MD was not influenced by the duration of the required recall. Genetic influences on human recall do not appear to contribute substantially to estimated heritability of MD.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Kendler KS,Aggen SHdoi
10.1017/s0033291701003695subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-07-01 00:00:00pages
923-8issue
5eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The extant major psychiatric classifications, DSM-IV and ICD-10, are purportedly atheoretical and largely descriptive. Although this achieves good reliability, the validity of a medical diagnosis is greatly enhanced by an understanding of both risk factors and clinical history. In an effort to group mental d...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291709990304
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aberrant functional connectivity within the default network is generally assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD); however, the genetic risk of default network connectivity in OCD remains largely unknown. METHOD:Here, we systematically investigated default network...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291713002250
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hip fracture is common in the elderly. Previous studies suggest that psychiatric illness is common and predicts poor outcome, but have methodological weaknesses. Further studies are required to address this important issue. METHODS:We prospectively recruited 731 elderly participants with hip fracture in two...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291799002548
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Met allele of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) valine-to-methionine (Val158Met) polymorphism is known to affect dopamine-dependent affective regulation within amygdala-prefrontal cortical (PFC) networks. It is also thought to increase the risk of a number of disorders characterized by affective mo...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291710001431
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (NPMS) programme was partly designed to monitor trends in mental disorders, including depression, with comparable data spanning 1993 to 2007. Findings already published from this programme suggest that concerns about increasing prevalence of common mental disorders (...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329171200013X
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Seeking compensation has been shown to have an adverse effect on the psychological health and recovery of injured patients, however, this effect requires clarification. METHODS:A total of 2019 adults sustaining a traffic injury were recruited. Of these, 709 (35.1%) lodged a compensation claim. Interviews oc...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329172000166X
更新日期:2020-06-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:No studies have reported on how to relieve distress or relax in medical health workers while wearing medical protective equipment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study aimed to establish which relaxation technique, among six, is the most feasible in first-line medical health workers wear...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720003220
更新日期:2020-08-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive models propose that auditory verbal hallucinations arise through defective self-monitoring and external attribution of inner speech. We used a paradigm that engages verbal self-monitoring to examine how deficits in this process are related to symptoms and diagnosis in patients with psychosis. METH...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291705006628
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The frequency and clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging correlates of apathy in patients who have had a stroke are inadequately defined. METHOD:A total of 167 consecutive patients admitted to the stroke units of two university hospitals after an ischaemic stroke and 109 controls received extensive m...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291705006173
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive deficits are a well-established feature of bipolar disorders (BD), even during periods of euthymia, but risk factors associated with cognitive deficits in euthymic BD are still poorly understood. We aimed to validate classification criteria for the identification of clinically significant cognitive...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291718001186
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A detailed analysis of the results of a multi-centre clinical trial shows that, while the relapse rate following recovery from an operationally defined depressive illness was smaller among patients subsequently treated with either amitryptiline or lithium than with a placebo, there was no clinically significant differ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0033291700003068
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The treatment of deliberate self-harm (parasuicide) remains limited in efficacy. Despite a range of psychosocial, educational and pharmacological interventions only one approach, dialectical behaviour therapy, a form of cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT), has been shown to reduce repeat episodes, but this is ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s003329179800765x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Suicide is a leading cause of death and has been strongly associated with affective disorders. The influence of affective disorder polarity on subsequent suicide attempts or completions and any differential effect of suicide risk factors by polarity were assessed in a prospective cohort. METHOD:Participants...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S0033291708004078
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Transdiagnostic group cognitive-behavioral therapy (tCBT) is a delivery model that could help overcome barriers to large-scale implementation of evidence-based psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of combining group tCBT with treatment-as-usual (TAU), com...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316
更新日期:2020-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Executive dysfunction, distinct from other cognitive deficits in depression, has been associated with suicidal behavior. However, this dysfunction is not found consistently across samples. METHOD:Medication-free subjects with DSM-IV major depressive episode (major depressive disorder and bipolar type I diso...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291712001419
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A combined family study and recovered study design was utilized to examine several hypothesized relationships between personality and bulimia nervosa (BN). METHODS:We studied 47 women with a lifetime history of DSM-III-R BN (31 currently ill and 16 recovered), 44 matched control women (CW) with no history o...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291799002792
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have suggested that expanded CAG/CTG repeats contribute to the genetic aetiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, the nature of this contribution is uncertain and difficult to predict from other known trinucleotide repeat diseases that display much simpler patterns of inheritance. We have...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700035868
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the face of shifting demographics and an increase in human longevity, it is important to examine carefully what is known about cognitive ageing, and to identify and promote possibly malleable lifestyle and health-related factors that might mitigate age-associated cognitive decline. The Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717001489
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that specific cognitions and behaviours play a role in maintaining chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, little research has investigated illness-specific cognitive processing in CFS. This study investigated whether CFS participants had an attentional bias for CFS-related stimuli and a ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716002890
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the relationship between personality factors and depression in subjects who may have a familial vulnerability to depression (i.e. first-degree relatives of depressed patients). Four groups comprised our study sample: relatives who had never experienced a psychiatric episode of depression; relatives...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700013052
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of central dopamine functions appears to be a common basic property of antipsychotic drugs. The mesolimbic and nigrostriatal portions of the dopaminergic system are probably the main targets of these drugs for the mental and the extrapyramidal actions respectively. Dopaminergic hyperfunction, induced by amp...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170000622x
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about the association of eating disorder subtypes across multiple categories of substance use in population-based samples. We examined the association between eating disorders and substance use in a large population-based sample. METHOD:Female participants (n=13 297) were from the Swedish Tw...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291709005662
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A standardized pegboard task was used to investigate changes in manipulative skill as a function of age in 119 right-handed subjects. The typical pattern of cognitive impairment in old age indicates a relative preservation of functions which depend on the integrity of the left hemisphere. In accord with these observat...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700005109
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Findings from family and twin studies support a genetic contribution to the development of sexual orientation in men. However, previous studies have yielded conflicting evidence for linkage to chromosome Xq28. METHOD:We conducted a genome-wide linkage scan on 409 independent pairs of homosexual brothers (90...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291714002451
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A two-stage psychiatric survey of a random samples of adults aged 18-64 from Camberwell is described. Agency interviewers carried out the first stage (N = 800), using the shorter form of the Present State Examination (PSE). MRC interviewers, using the full PSE, saw a stratified sample of these (N = 310) in the second ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700052879
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Depressive syndromes not fulfilling the criteria for specified disorders (subthreshold depression, SD) may be clinically important. We aimed to study SD in old and very old age, in comparison with subjects with no depressive symptoms (NDS) and subjects with major depression (MD). METHODS:A community-based r...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291799002883
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies during recent years have reported an increased occurrence of schizophrenia in selected immigrant groups. However, difficulties in establishing the population denominator for immigrant rates of mental disorder, selective referral for treatment, and other problems may have influenced such resul...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291797004741
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of research on kleptomania--the syndrome of compulsive stealing--suggests that kleptomania may be a common disorder, especially among women, and that it may frequently be associated with other forms of psychopathology, such as mood, anxiety, and eating disorders. There appears to be a range of abnormal or non...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700014690
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monthly hospital admission rates (HA) for mania were classified by sex, type of admission (first, or re-admission) and by country (England and Wales or Scotland). Of the 8 classes thus created, all but one showed a statistically significant annual cycle with a peak in Summer and trough in Winter. There was no signific...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170001610x
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Depression is associated with alterations of emotional and cognitive processing, and executive control in particular. Previous research has shown that depressed patients are impaired in their ability to shift attention from one emotional category to another, but whether this shifting deficit is more evident ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711002418
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00