Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Executive dysfunction, distinct from other cognitive deficits in depression, has been associated with suicidal behavior. However, this dysfunction is not found consistently across samples. METHOD:Medication-free subjects with DSM-IV major depressive episode (major depressive disorder and bipolar type I disorder) and a past history of suicidal behavior (n = 72) were compared to medication-free depressed subjects with no history of suicidal behavior (n = 80) and healthy volunteers (n = 56) on a battery of tests assessing neuropsychological functions typically affected by depression (motor and psychomotor speed, attention, memory) and executive functions reportedly impaired in suicide attempters (abstract/contingent learning, working memory, language fluency, impulse control). RESULTS:All of the depressed subjects performed worse than healthy volunteers on motor, psychomotor and language fluency tasks. Past suicide attempters, in turn, performed worse than depressed non-attempters on attention and memory/working memory tasks [a computerized Stroop task, the Buschke Selective Reminding Task (SRT), the Benton Visual Retention Test (VRT) and an N-back task] but not on other executive function measures, including a task associated with ventral prefrontal function (Object Alternation). Deficits were not accounted for by current suicidal ideation or the lethality of past attempts. A small subsample of those using a violent method in their most lethal attempt showed a pattern of poor executive performance. CONCLUSIONS:Deficits in specific components of attention control, memory and working memory were associated with suicidal behavior in a sample where non-violent attempt predominated. Broader executive dysfunction in depression may be associated with specific forms of suicidal behavior, rather than suicidal behavior per se.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Keilp JG,Gorlyn M,Russell M,Oquendo MA,Burke AK,Harkavy-Friedman J,Mann JJdoi
10.1017/S0033291712001419subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-03-01 00:00:00pages
539-51issue
3eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978pii
S0033291712001419journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:There is evidence that cannabis use might be relevant to the aetiology of schizophrenia. We aimed to measure any change in cannabis use over time in those first presenting with schizophrenia in South-East London from 1965 to 1999, and compare this with change in use in those presenting with non-psychotic psy...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291706008440
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe functions were undertaken in 46 chronic schizophrenic patients who were also rated for movement disorders. Tardive dyskinesia was found to have significant associations with most of these psychological tests. The possible mechanisms are discussed within the context of known neo...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700032748
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the relationships between cardiovascular variables (SBP, DBP, and HR) and circulating natural killer (NK) cell numbers, 70 male volunteers were subjected to a rest condition (N = 30) or a stressful laboratory task (N = 40). At baseline, no significant relationships could be demonstrated between the numb...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0033291700036229
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have suggested that expanded CAG/CTG repeats contribute to the genetic aetiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, the nature of this contribution is uncertain and difficult to predict from other known trinucleotide repeat diseases that display much simpler patterns of inheritance. We have...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700035868
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred and nine adults were screened in the community using the abridged version of the CIDI (CIDIS). The subjects comprised DSM-III-R current cases (N = 48), lifetime cases (N = 31) and non-cases (N = 30). The interviews with the 109 subjects were conducted by one of two pairs of clinicians and videotaped. Each ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700034632
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Electronic medical records (EMR) provide a unique opportunity for efficient, large-scale clinical investigation in psychiatry. However, such studies will require development of tools to define treatment outcome. METHOD:Natural language processing (NLP) was applied to classify notes from 127 504 patients wit...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711000997
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diversity of research methods applied to psychiatric disorders results in a confusing plethora of causal claims. To help make sense of these claims, the interventionist model (IM) of causality has several attractive features. First, it connects causation with the practical interests of psychiatry, defining causati...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291708004467
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Referral rates to psychiatric services in North-East Scotland by 147 individual urban and rural general practitioners were calculated. Among city doctors, the greater the number of years since qualification the more patients were referred. Single-handed city doctors also had very high referral rates. Subsequent interv...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700030865
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Refugees commonly experience difficulties with emotional processing, such as alexithymia, due to stressful or traumatic experiences. However, the functional connectivity of the amygdala, which is central to emotional processing, has yet to be assessed in refugees. Thus, the present study investigated the res...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719000175
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have attempted to clarify clinical differentiating features of psychotic depression. Forty-six depressed subjects meeting DSM-III-R criteria for major depression with psychotic features were compared with (i) DSM-defined melancholic, (ii) Newcastle-defined endogenous, and (iii) a residual DSM-defined major depressi...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700035078
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Schizophrenia patients have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) than normals. We examined the relationship between IGT and clinical phenotypes or cognitive deficits in first-episode, drug-naïve (FEDN) Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia. METHOD:A total o...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716001902
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The processing of facial emotion involves a distributed network of limbic and paralimbic brain structures. Many of these regions are also implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Behavioural data indicate that depressed subjects show a state-related positive recognition bias for faces displaying ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291704002557
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses worldwide and a leading cause of disability, especially in the setting of treatment resistance. In recent years, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising alternative strategy for treatment-resistant depression and its clinic...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291715001609
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical psychiatric and medical assessments were carried out on a randomly selected sample of Australian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in 1942 and a sample of combatants from Pacific theatres of war who were not captured. Prisoners of war had significantly more anxiety and depressive 'neuroses' and more m...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700011843
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A growing body of neuropsychological and neurobiological research shows a relationship between functioning of the prefrontal cortex and criminal and violent behaviour. The prefrontal cortex is crucial for executive functions such as inhibition, attention, working memory, set-shifting and planning. A deficit ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717000241
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Suicides and suicide attempts in cancer patients were analysed by following all patients treated for cancer in Stockholm County from 1975 to 1985. Among 59,845 patients we identified 144 suicides and 196 suicide attempts during the follow-up, which represents a more than two-fold excess mortality from suicide and a mo...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700029962
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States, few recent American studies have examined the attributes of long-term heavy cannabis users. METHOD:Using a case-control design, we obtained psychological and demographic measures on 108 individuals, age 30-55, who had smoked cannab...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291703008560
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiology of mental problems in the Gomel region in the republic of Belarus was studied in a two-stage survey of a broad based population sample (N = 1617), using the General Health Questionnaire (12-item version) and the Munich Diagnostic Checklist for DSM-III-R. The Gomel region is one of the areas that was m...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700037879
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Executive impairments have been reported in affective illness, but the influence of attention on executive performance has not been fully considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether executive impairments in affective illness were independent of attention impairments, and whether independ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291707000712
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galvanized with the availability of sophisticated statistical techniques and large datasets, network medicine has emerged as an active area of investigation. Following this trend, network methods have been utilized to understand the interplay between symptoms of mental disorders. This realistic approach that may provi...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291717001350
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to evaluate a programme of lesion surgery carried out on patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). METHOD:This was a retrospective study looking at clinical and psychometric data from 45 patients with TRD who had undergone bilateral stereotactic anterior capsulotomy s...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716003159
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred and twenty women recruited from attenders at the antenatal clinic of the Obstetrics Department of a general hospital were asked to complete ad hoc questionnaires during pregnancy; they were then interviewed by psychiatrists using a structured diagnostic interview, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and S...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170002643x
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data are presented from a study of acculturation and psychiatric disorder in 291 Greek Cypriot immigrants from the general population of Camberwell, south London. We hypothesized that 'pre-acculturation' would protect against mental disorder, that difficulties in the period immediately after migration would increase t...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700036631
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Decreased white matter (WM) integrity in patients with psychotic disorder has been a consistent finding in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies. However, the contribution of environmental risk factors to these WM alterations is rarely investigated. The current study examines whether individuals with (incre...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S0033291718001320
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy eight men were assessed one month before coronary artery bypass graft surgery using standardized measures of psychiatric morbidity and personality as well as a measure of emotional expression (the CECS). All patients had at least one coronary vessel occluded by 75% or more of its diameter, and functional capac...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700025939
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Assortative mating has been demonstrated in mental disorders but the extent of cohabitation between patients with clinically diagnosed psychiatric disease has been poorly explored. Method We conducted a register-based study of all Danes between 18 and 70 years of age in a 13-year observational period, linkin...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329171200181X
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term 'pseudohallucination' is currently used to name imaginal experiences whose relationship to one another and to hallucinations 'proper' remains obscure. Clinicians, including specialists in psychopathology, disagree on how pseudohallucination must be defined and on its diagnostic role. Empirical research is unl...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700037776
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a 5-week study of 22 depressed patients treated with nortriptyline, significant changes in plasma levels, both elevated and reduced, were deliberately produced in the third and fourth weeks of each patient's treatment. Correlation of plasma nortriptyline levels and changes in the severity of depression, as measured...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700023163
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gulf War veterans have a number of health complaints. We therefore decided to carry out a systematic review to identify and summarize the findings from studies that have assessed multi-symptom conditions in Gulf War veterans and in an unexposed comparison group. METHOD:Studies published between January 1990...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291705006975
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Subthreshold depression is a highly prevalent condition and a risk factor for developing a major depressive episode. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy may be a promising approach for the treatment of subthreshold depression. The current study had two aims: (1) to determine whether an internet-based ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291707000542
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00