Neuropsychological function and suicidal behavior: attention control, memory and executive dysfunction in suicide attempt.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Executive dysfunction, distinct from other cognitive deficits in depression, has been associated with suicidal behavior. However, this dysfunction is not found consistently across samples. METHOD:Medication-free subjects with DSM-IV major depressive episode (major depressive disorder and bipolar type I disorder) and a past history of suicidal behavior (n = 72) were compared to medication-free depressed subjects with no history of suicidal behavior (n = 80) and healthy volunteers (n = 56) on a battery of tests assessing neuropsychological functions typically affected by depression (motor and psychomotor speed, attention, memory) and executive functions reportedly impaired in suicide attempters (abstract/contingent learning, working memory, language fluency, impulse control). RESULTS:All of the depressed subjects performed worse than healthy volunteers on motor, psychomotor and language fluency tasks. Past suicide attempters, in turn, performed worse than depressed non-attempters on attention and memory/working memory tasks [a computerized Stroop task, the Buschke Selective Reminding Task (SRT), the Benton Visual Retention Test (VRT) and an N-back task] but not on other executive function measures, including a task associated with ventral prefrontal function (Object Alternation). Deficits were not accounted for by current suicidal ideation or the lethality of past attempts. A small subsample of those using a violent method in their most lethal attempt showed a pattern of poor executive performance. CONCLUSIONS:Deficits in specific components of attention control, memory and working memory were associated with suicidal behavior in a sample where non-violent attempt predominated. Broader executive dysfunction in depression may be associated with specific forms of suicidal behavior, rather than suicidal behavior per se.

journal_name

Psychol Med

journal_title

Psychological medicine

authors

Keilp JG,Gorlyn M,Russell M,Oquendo MA,Burke AK,Harkavy-Friedman J,Mann JJ

doi

10.1017/S0033291712001419

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-03-01 00:00:00

pages

539-51

issue

3

eissn

0033-2917

issn

1469-8978

pii

S0033291712001419

journal_volume

43

pub_type

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