Abstract:
:In the face of shifting demographics and an increase in human longevity, it is important to examine carefully what is known about cognitive ageing, and to identify and promote possibly malleable lifestyle and health-related factors that might mitigate age-associated cognitive decline. The Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 (LBC1921, n = 550) and 1936 (LBC1936, n = 1091) are longitudinal studies of cognitive and brain ageing based in Scotland. Childhood IQ data are available for these participants, who were recruited in later life and then followed up regularly. This overview summarises some of the main LBC findings to date, illustrating the possible genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive function (level and change) and brain imaging biomarkers in later life. Key associations include genetic variation, health and fitness, psychosocial and lifestyle factors, and aspects of the brain's structure. It addresses some key methodological issues such as confounding by early-life intelligence and social factors and emphasises areas requiring further investigation. Overall, the findings that have emerged from the LBC studies highlight that there are multiple correlates of cognitive ability level in later life, many of which have small effects, that there are as yet few reliable predictors of cognitive change, and that not all of the correlates have independent additive associations. The concept of marginal gains, whereby there might be a cumulative effect of small incremental improvements across a wide range of lifestyle and health-related factors, may offer a useful way to think about and promote a multivariate recipe for healthy cognitive and brain ageing.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Corley J,Cox SR,Deary IJdoi
10.1017/S0033291717001489subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-01 00:00:00pages
187-207issue
2eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978pii
S0033291717001489journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A case is reported in which platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity fluctuated in the course of a schizophreniform psychosis in a way which suggests a direct relationship between low levels of MAO activity and the psychosis. ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700056701
更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current literature provides insufficient information on the degree of cognitive impairment during and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), mostly due to the fact that applied tests lacked sensitivity and flexibility. Our goal was to evaluate cognitive functioning in adult depressed patients treated with bi...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291715002287
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primiparae were randomly assigned to two conditions of routine ultrasound examination at their first antenatal clinic visit: (a) high feedback ultrasound where the monitor screen was visible and the patient was shown the foetal size, shape and movement (N = 67); (b) low feedback ultrasound where the screen was not see...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0033291700046717
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to evaluate a programme of lesion surgery carried out on patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). METHOD:This was a retrospective study looking at clinical and psychometric data from 45 patients with TRD who had undergone bilateral stereotactic anterior capsulotomy s...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716003159
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally recognized that social relationships occupy a central position in psychiatry. To examine the role of social relationships in the onset of minor psychiatric morbidity it is necessary to construct an instrument which will meet the need for a valid, reliable and comprehensive index of social relationships...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170005501x
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple studies have found Conscientiousness to be protective against dementia. The purpose of this study is to identify which specific aspects, or facets, of Conscientiousness are most protective against cognitive impairment and whether these associations are moderated by demographic factors and/or genetic...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717002306
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dysregulation of the striatum and altered corticostriatal connectivity have been associated with psychotic disorders. Social anhedonia has been identified as a predictor for the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The aim of the present study was to examine corticostriatal functional connectivit...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291715001592
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to examine associations between trajectories of childhood neighbourhood social cohesion and adolescent mental health and behaviour. METHOD:This study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a nationally representative sample of Canadian children...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291715001245
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The increased use of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) to investigate cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia fostered interest in its sensitivity in the context of family studies. As various measures of the same cognitive domains may have different power to distinguish between unaffected relati...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717002902
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Quetiapine (ICI 204,636, 'Seroquel') is a new atypical antipsychotic agent with a similar binding profile to the original atypical antipsychotic, clozapine. Its clinical efficacy has already been demonstrated at multiple fixed doses (150-750 mg/day) and has been suggested to be comparable with haloperidol (1...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0033291799001476
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) queries about thoughts of death and self-harm, but not suicidality. Although it is sometimes used to assess suicide risk, most positive responses are not associated with suicidality. The PHQ-8, which omits Item 9, is thus increasingly used in research. We ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719001314
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive impairment and negative symptoms are two of the primary features of schizophrenia associated with poor social functioning. We examined the relationships between clinical characteristics, specific cognitive abilities and social skills performance in middle-aged and older out-patients with schizophre...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291707001304
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The parental representations of male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals were rated using the EMBU inventory. Scores on the measure were compared against ratings returned by controls of similar biological sex, matched on age, educational level and number of female siblings in an ANCOVA design. In line with previ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700017128
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oral contraceptive use has been previously associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior in some, but not all, samples. The use of large, representative, longitudinally-assessed samples may clarify the nature of this potential association. METHODS:We used Swedish national registries to identify wom...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720003475
更新日期:2020-10-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In people with bulimic eating disorders, exposure to high-calorie foods can result in increases in food craving, raised subjective stress and salivary cortisol concentrations. This cue-induced food craving can be reduced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). We investigated whether rTMS has...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291710001881
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A number of scales are used to estimate the severity of depression. However, differences between self-report and clinician rating, multi-dimensionality and different weighting of individual symptoms in summed scores may affect the validity of measurement. In this study we examined and integrated the psychome...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291707001730
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent evidence suggests that postpartum psychiatric episodes may share similar etiological mechanisms with immune-related disorders. Pre-eclampsia is one of the most prevalent immune-related disorders of pregnancy. Multiple clinical features are shared between pre-eclampsia and postpartum psychiatric disord...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291715001385
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies during recent years have reported an increased occurrence of schizophrenia in selected immigrant groups. However, difficulties in establishing the population denominator for immigrant rates of mental disorder, selective referral for treatment, and other problems may have influenced such resul...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291797004741
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levinger & Clarke (1961) found that subjects tended to forget more word associations to emotional rather than neutral words. Kline (1981) regarded this study as providing 'irrefutable evidence for the Freudian concept of repression'. On the other hand, results from Kleinsmith & Kaplan (1964) suggested that this effect...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700017669
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical psychiatric and medical assessments were carried out on a randomly selected sample of Australian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in 1942 and a sample of combatants from Pacific theatres of war who were not captured. Prisoners of war had significantly more anxiety and depressive 'neuroses' and more m...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700011843
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While there is a growing body of research on borderline personality disorder (BPD) in children and adolescents, controversy remains regarding the validity and diagnosis of the disorder prior to adulthood. METHOD:MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psych INFO and PubMed databases were systematically searched for articles perta...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291715000318
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Major depressive disorder during pregnancy associates with potentially detrimental consequences for mother and child. The current study examined peripheral blood gene expression as a potential biomarker for prenatal depressive symptoms. METHOD:Maternal RNA from whole blood, plasma and the Beck Depression In...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711002121
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Non-clinical psychosis-like symptoms (PLIKS) occur in about 15% of the population. It is not clear whether adverse events during early development alter the risk of developing PLIKS. We aimed to examine whether maternal infection, diabetes or pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, gestational age, perinatal cardiop...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291708005126
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The increased occurrence of obstetric complications (OCs) in patients with schizophrenia suggests that alterations in neurodevelopment may be of importance to the aetiology of the illness. Abnormal cortical folding may reflect subtle deviation from normal neurodevelopment during the foetal or neonatal period...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711002315
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously employed techniques for the measurement of body image are briefly described, with a short consideration of methodological or procedural limitations associated with each technique. A new procedure is described which employs a simple modification to a standard video camera to produce an image which appears fr...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700003652
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely applied to treat severe depression resistant to standard treatment. Results from previous studies comparing the cost-effectiveness of this technique with treatment alternatives such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are conflicting. METHOD:We co...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S0033291714002554
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to determine whether depression in patients with long-term conditions is associated with the number of morbidities or the type of co-morbidity. Method A cohort study of 299 912 participants aged 30-100 years. The prevalence of depression, rates of health-care utilization and costs were evalu...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291712002498
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The extant major psychiatric classifications, DSM-IV and ICD-10, are purportedly atheoretical and largely descriptive. Although this achieves good reliability, the validity of a medical diagnosis is greatly enhanced by an understanding of both risk factors and clinical history. In an effort to group mental d...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291709990304
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have reported an increase in depression among recent birth cohorts. Concurrent with the increase in rates of depression, there have been increases in rates of drug and alcohol abuse and dependence. This study sought to determine if the recent increase in rates of depression could be attributed to co-m...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700034735
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be delivered efficaciously through various modalities, including telephone (T-CBT) and face-to-face (FtF-CBT). The purpose of this study was to explore predictors of outcome in T-CBT and FtF-CBT for depression. METHOD:A total of 325 depressed participants were randomiz...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291715001208
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00