Abstract:
:1. Innervation of the mammalian pineal gland is mainly sympathetic. Pineal synthesis of melatonin and its levels in the circulation are thought to be under strict adrenergic control of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT). In addition, several putative pineal neurotransmitters modulate melatonin synthesis and secretion. 2. In this review, we summarize what is currently known on the pineal cholinergic system. Cholinergic signaling in the rat pineal gland is suggested based on the localization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as muscarinic and nicotinic ACh binding sites in the gland. 3. A functional role of ACh may be regulation of pineal synaptic ribbon numbers and modulation of melatonin secretion, events possibly mediated by phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and activation of protein kinase C via muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs). 4. We also present previously unpublished data obtained using primary cultures of rat pinealocytes in an attempt to get more direct information on the effects of cholinergic stimulus on pinealocyte melatonin secretion. These studies revealed that the cholinergic effects on melatonin release are restricted mainly to intact pineal glands since they were not readily detected in primary pinealocyte cultures.
journal_name
Cell Mol Neurobioljournal_title
Cellular and molecular neurobiologyauthors
Laitinen JT,Laitinen KS,Kokkola Tdoi
10.1007/BF02073327subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-04-01 00:00:00pages
177-92issue
2eissn
0272-4340issn
1573-6830journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::1. Coexisting with oxytocin or vasopressin in the cell bodies and nerve terminals of the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system are smaller amounts of other peptides. For a number of these "copeptides" there is strong evidence of corelease with the major magnocellular hormones. Guided by the location of their specific r...
journal_title:Cellular and molecular neurobiology
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1006985329240
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00716268
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
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