Abstract：
:Quantitative models of the oculomotor plant and control of the saccadic eye movement system are presented in this chapter. Oculomotor plant models described here are linear, including a second-order model by Westheimer (1954), Bahill et al. (1980) and Enderle et al. (2000). The model of the saccade generator is initiated by the superior colliculus and terminated by the cerebellar fastigial nucleus that operates under a time optimal control strategy. A common mechanism for all types of saccades is described, including those with dynamic overshoot and glissadic behavior. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the operation of the excitatory burst neuron during saccades. The excitatory burst neuron operates within two states: complete inhibition, and without inhibition that is characterized by high firing at rates of up to 1000 Hz. While there is direct evidence of projections from the superior colliculus to the paramedian pontine reticular formation, there is conflictory evidence regarding the connections from the superior colliculus to the excitatory burst neuron, with the most recent experimental results supporting no direct connections. A model of the excitatory burst neuron is described using a Hodgkin-Huxley model of the neuron that fires at 1000 Hz automatically and without stimulation when released from inhibition. SIMULINK simulations using this neuron model have all of the characteristics of the excitatory burst neuron firing rate during a saccade. This model eliminates the need to introduce BIAS inputs that causes bursting in some models of the saccade generator. Such a model is also appropriate for modeling the Omnipause neurons.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Enderle JDdoi
10.1016/S0079-6123(02)40040-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
21-49eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(02)40040-4journal_volume
140pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is generally defined as visual field loss and optic nerve defects consistent with glaucoma and an intraocular pressure (IOP) that does not exceed 21 mmHg (Allingham, R.R., Damji, K., Freedman, S., Moroi, S., Shafranov, G., Shields, M.B. (2005). In: Pine J. and Murphy J. (Eds.), Shields' T...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)01114-X
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter provides evidence of spatial and temporal changes in the behavior of neurons within Areas 5 and 4 of the sensorimotor cortex of a nonhuman primate while it was executing a perturbed arm-reaching task. Chronically implanted electrode arrays were used to record simultaneously from 37 to 58 neurons. Also mea...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43045-8
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This investigation was designed to study the role of muscarinic receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular responses elicited by microinjection of cholinergic agonists in the intermediate portion of the NTS, the VLPA and VLDA areas and the IML of the spinal cord. Microinjections of L-glutamate (1.77 nmol in 20-50 nl in 0...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62007-5
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter system provides fundamental modulatory regulation of the limbic-corticostriatal circuitry known to be vital in the development of addiction as well as the aspects of addiction that hinder recovery and contribute to relapse. Thus, components of the 5-HT system may provide novel tar...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00916-3
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schwann cells (SCs), when implanted in the injured spinal cord, support regeneration of axons, myelinate or ensheathe regenerated axons in a normal way, reduce cyst formation in the injured tissue, reduce secondary damage of tissue around the initial injury site, and modestly improve limb movements. If SC transplantat...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-59544-7.00014-7
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex hormone effects on hypothalamic neurons have been worked out to a point where receptor mechanisms are relatively well understood, a neural circuit for a sex steroid-dependent behavior has been determined, and several functional genomic regulations have been discovered and conceptualized. With that knowledge in han...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)58012-4
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ocular dominance plasticity may be the paradigmatic in vivo model of activity-dependent plasticity. More than four decades of intense research has delineated the network-level rules that govern synaptic change in this model. The recent characterization of a murine model for ocular dominance plasticity has facilitated ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(04)47008-3
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primates are able to recognize a particular object despite major differences in the retinal images of the object. Inferior temporal cortex is suggested to be involved in this invariant object recognition. Neurons of this cortex show shape selectivity and it has been shown that this shape selectivity is relatively inva...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63330-0
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vascular interface of the brain is distinct from that of the peripheral tissue in that astrocytes, the most numerous glial cell type in the gray matter, cover the vasculature with their endfeet. This morphological feature of the gliovascular junction has prompted neuroscientists to suggest possible functional role...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.02.001
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter describes current findings from the research into postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) following cardiac and non-cardiac surgery in older adults. The evidence suggests that a significant proportion of patients show POCD in the early weeks following surgery and anesthesia. Specific domains of cogniti...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)00026-X
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to its peripheral secretion from the neurohypophysis, the neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) is released within the mammalian brain from probably all parts of the neuronal membrane. In particular the development of brain microdialysis in vivo together with blood microdialysis or blood sampling provides the adva...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61571-x
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of neurodegeneration; however, therapies to prevent or treat AD are inadequate. Amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein accrues in cortical senile plaques, one of the key neuropathological hallmarks of AD, and is elevated in brains of early onset AD patients in a small number o...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17506-4
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Compensatory electromyographic (EMG) responses and several biomechanical parameters were studied following impulsive disturbance of the limbs during stance of human volunteers on a treadmill. Treadmill acceleration impulses were backwards or forwards directed, or their initial direction was reversed after 30 ms. Backw...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62238-4
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53355-5.00006-3
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive neuroscience is currently finding itself as a marketing trend in occupational science, particularly in terms of workplace assessment and measurement. However, the field has historically had little to do with occupational applications and has generally remained focused on the clinical and academic relevance o...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.05.032
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early intervention and environmental optimization have been central to management of Down syndrome (DS) and much of current treatment is still focused in strategies that involve early education plans. This approach has provided significant improvements for Down syndrome but it is not providing a full success. The disc...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.11.001
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the target article, Hardy and colleagues provided an incisive analysis of retrospectively reported psychosocial factors associated with the development and careers of 32 former athletes from Olympic sports. They found that Super-Elite athletes ("serial" medal winners at major international championships, i.e., Worl...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.11.006
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children with epilepsy are known to have high rates of mental health problems. The role of seizures in the development of these problems is not known primarily because of difficulties in separating the effects of seizures from the three other potential causal factors: (a) poor child and family response to the conditio...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(02)35039-8
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of several mutations causing familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has led to the creation of multiple lines of mice expressing similar genetic alterations. These models present a unique opportunity for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms leading to PD in a mammalian brain and provide m...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hand preference is a sensorimotor skill whose development both reflects and promotes the development of hemispheric lateralization for manual and cognitive functions. Extensive comparative, crosscultural, and paleoanthropological evidence demonstrates the prevalence of limb lateralized preferences across vertebrate sp...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
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更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The arts can provide unique ways for determining how people not directly involved in medicine were viewing and informing others about physical and mental disorders. With operas, one need only think about how various perturbations of madness have been portrayed. Somnambulism has long been a particularly perplexing diso...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.11.015
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the past, medicine was dominated by acute diseases. Since treatments were unknown to patients they followed their medical doctors´ directives-at least for the duration of the disease. Behavior was thus largely motivated by avoiding expected costs associated with alternative behaviors (I-must). The health challenges...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.06.013
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) participate in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes in the nervous system. nNOS was originally felt to be a constitutively expressed enzyme, but recent observations suggest that its levels are dynamically controlled in response to neuronal development, plasticity and ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63196-9
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Network oscillations are proposed to provide the framework for the ongoing neural computations of the brain. Thus, an important aspect of understanding the functional roles of various cell classes in the brain is to understand the relationship of cellular activity to the ongoing oscillations. While many studies have c...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63012-X
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vasopressin (VP) is one of the principal neurotransmitters of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). By means of anatomical, physiological and electrophysiological techniques we have demonstrated that VP containing pathways from the SCN serve to affect neuroendocrine and 'autonomic' neurons in the paraventricular nucleus....
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61581-2
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically damages the long axonal tracts of the spinal cord which results in permanent disability. However, regeneration of the injured spinal cord is approaching reality according to the advances in stem cell biology. Cell transplantation therapy holds potential to lead to recovery following ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.12.007
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) is the most frequent form of acquired persisting fixation nystagmus. It is hypothesized to occur when physiological inhibitory cerebellar input, namely of the flocculus, to the vestibular nuclei is inhibited. The second most frequent form of acquired nystagmus is upbeat nystagmus (UBN). UBN is...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00676-6
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aromatase is the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of estrogen biosynthesis. It is expressed in many tissues such as the gonads, brain and adipose tissue. The regulation of the level and activity of aromatase determines the levels of estrogens that have endocrine, paracrine and autocrine effects on tissues. Estrogen...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)81012-6
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
