Abstract：
:Compensatory electromyographic (EMG) responses and several biomechanical parameters were studied following impulsive disturbance of the limbs during stance of human volunteers on a treadmill. Treadmill acceleration impulses were backwards or forwards directed, or their initial direction was reversed after 30 ms. Backwards directed impulses were followed by gastrocnemius, forwards directed ones by tibialis anterior EMG responses (latency 65 to 75 ms) whose durations depended on impulse duration. When the direction of the impulse was reversed, the respective antagonistic leg muscles were activated again with a delay of 68 to 75 ms after onset of stretch of these muscles. The behaviour of the EMG responses could best be correlated to the displacement at the ankle joint and may be described in terms of a stretch reflex response. The results indicate that these stretch reflex responses help control of the body's centre of gravity thereby preventing falling. Head movements induced by the impulses showed little correlation with the appearance of the EMG responses, suggesting that the vestibular system is unlikely to be directly involved in the generation of these responses. Vestibular signals may, however, significantly contribute to slow body sway stabilization.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Dietz V,Horstmann GA,Berger Wdoi
10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62238-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
419-23; discussion 395-7eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(08)62238-4journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The two roles in awareness most often suggested for the cerebellum are (i) keeping the details of motor skills away from forebrain computation, and (ii) signaling to the forebrain when a sensory event is not predictable from prior motor commands. However, it is unclear how current models of the cerebellum could carry ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)14404-4
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent accounts of tinnitus development and maintenance assign an important role to central mechanisms. Residual inhibition is a frequent phenomenon in individuals with tinnitus, and refers to the fact that tinnitus can temporarily be reduced by presenting sounds or noises that inhibit tinnitus for a limited time even...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66044-0
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Essential infantile esotropia (EIE) is often attributed to a primary disturbance within the visual cortex based upon the findings of monocular horizontal optokinetic asymmetry and correlative horizontal motion detection asymmetry. However, these physiologic aberrations conform to what would be observed if the visual c...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.001
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Motor control of different segments of the body with multiple degrees of freedom appears to be coordinated by utilizing preferred axes of motor activity. This hypothesis may also be applied to vestibular control of posture. To explore this question we studied the anatomical relationship between the head and the cervic...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62282-7
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This overview highlights the presentations made by several authors, with sidelights commentaries on the topics covered in this session. The Neurotropic hypothesis, formulated by Cajal more than one century ago, has been one of the fundamental tenets of modern Neuroscience. Research work is unveiling highly complex mol...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(02)36003-5
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied visually guided behavior and the visual response properties of single auditory cortex (A1) neurons in neonatally operated hamsters with surgically induced, permanent, ectopic retinal projections to auditory thalamic nuclei and to visual thalamic nuclei which normally receive little direct retinal input. The...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34029-3
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular recordings from 103 photoreceptors in the excised pineal body of adult trouts were obtained by using single electrode current- and voltage-clamp techniques. The photoresponses to brief flashes showed the same polarity but a slower time course than those previously recorded from retinal photoreceptors of ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60352-0
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Susceptibility to chronic tinnitus is highly variable and of particular interest when it comes to defining strategies for prevention and treatment. While several rare monogenic disorders have been described that are associated with tinnitus, the genetic underpinnings of the more common forms of the syndrome are still ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66014-2
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The midbrain has been shown to contain crucial nuclei for the control of vertical and torsional eye movements. Recent studies in monkeys demonstrated that midbrain lesions also affect head movements during gaze saccades, but so far clinical reports on the matter have been missing. We measured 3D eye and head movements...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00686-9
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the sample size of a typical neuroimaging study lacks sufficient statistical power to explore unknown genomic associations with brain phenotypes, several international genetic imaging consortia have been organized in recent years to pool data across sites. The challenges and achievements of these consortia are c...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.026
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain processing of pain in humans is based on multiple ascending pathways and brain regions that are involved in several pain components, such as sensory, immediate affective, and secondary affective dimensions. These dimensions are processed both serially and in parallel. They include spinal ascending pathways that ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(06)57020-7
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The following chapter offers an overview of results of experimental studies conducted among healthy individuals examining the effects of acute administration of Δ9-THC and other cannabinoids, alone or in combination, on brain function and behavior, also as a function of previous cannabis exposure. In light of their me...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.010
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PTSD arises by definition as a direct consequence of the experience of an acute severe stressor. The formation of traumatic memory and its extinction, sympathetic and adrenocortical stress systems activity in relation to individual vulnerability form the core of animal models for PTSD. ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)67008-3
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent years have brought a rapid growth in knowledge of the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is now clear that the clinical phase of PD is preceded by a phase of progressing neurodegeneration lasting many years. This involves not only central nervous system structures outside the substantia nigra and n...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.01.003
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years the scientific community has come to appreciate that the early cortical representations for visually guided arm movements are probably coded in a visual frame, i.e. relative to retinal landmarks. While this scheme accounts for many behavioral and neurophysiological observations, it also poses certain p...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(02)40060-X
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The visual system is tied to the retina. Because the eyes move in the orbit, and the head moves on the body, accurate location of an object in extrapersonal space cannot simply result from a visual signal. Instead, the retinal signal must be combined with an estimate of where the eyes are in the orbit, and where the h...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00606-7
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to its peripheral secretion from the neurohypophysis, the neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) is released within the mammalian brain from probably all parts of the neuronal membrane. In particular the development of brain microdialysis in vivo together with blood microdialysis or blood sampling provides the adva...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61571-x
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While a basic locomotor rhythm is centrally generated by spinal circuits, descending pathways are critical for ensuring appropriate anticipatory modifications of gait to accommodate uneven terrain. Neurons in the motor cortex command the changes in muscle activity required to modify limb trajectory when stepping over ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43025-2
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies provided evidence for neuroendocrine dysregulations in adults with a history of child sexual abuse. This review focuses on neuroendocrine studies in sexually abused children and adolescents, dating from January 1, 1990 to January 1, 2007 and obtained from a systematic Medline Indexed literature search ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)67028-9
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether there were differences in decision-making skills between different age groups (Under 16, 18 and 23) of elite academy footballers on a video-based task of real-life football scenarios. It also explored the relationship between individual performance on the task and ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.06.015
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is increasing evidence that human cognitive functions can be addressed from a robust neuroscience perspective. In particular, the distributed coherent electrical properties of central neuronal ensembles are considered to be a promising avenue of inquiry concerning global brain functions. The intrinsic oscillator...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50010-4
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dorsal striatum (caudate putamen) contains two types of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that are distinguished by the expression of either the opioid peptide, enkephalin, or the opioid peptide, dynorphin, as well as the tachykinin substance P. Pharmacological studies suggest that these peptides modulate loca...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60016-2
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this chapter, we explore what happens in the brain of an expert musician during performance. Understanding expert music performance is interesting to cognitive neuroscientists not only because it tests the limits of human memory and movement, but also because studying expert musicianship can help us understand skil...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.11.021
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The arts can provide unique ways for determining how people not directly involved in medicine were viewing and informing others about physical and mental disorders. With operas, one need only think about how various perturbations of madness have been portrayed. Somnambulism has long been a particularly perplexing diso...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.11.015
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present contribution, the various functional interpretations concerning the putative function of the orbital prefrontal cortex are reviewed since this region and adjacent areas are considered the neural substrate of social behavior in general, and decision-making behavior in particular. This literature review r...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(09)01306-5
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to silence, in a temporally precise fashion, the electrical activity of specific neurons embedded within intact brain tissue, is important for understanding the role that those neurons play in behaviors, brain disorders, and neural computations. "Optogenetic" silencers, genetically encoded molecules that, ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-59426-6.00003-3
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this chapter, the distribution of Hsp70 in brain cell types following whole body hyperthermia is reviewed. The prevalence of Hsp70 expression in oligodendrocytes, microglia, and vascular cells in this type of stress contrasts with scarcity of Hsp70 induction in astrocytes and most neurons of the hyperthermic brain....
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)62020-7
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When discrepant stimuli are presented to each eye and fusion is impossible, perception spontaneously oscillates between the two patterns (binocular rivalry). Functional MRI (fMRI) research identified a frontoparietal network in the right hemisphere associated with perceptual transitions, and it has been proposed that ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)55013-7
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Noradrenergic LC neurons appear to be relatively unique in the brain, being unsurpassed in the divergence and ubiquity of their projections through the central nervous system. In this regard, they share certain characteristics with peripheral noradrenaline neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. As such they would ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63797-8
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cellular and ionic mechanisms that generate the rhythm in central pattern generator (CPG) networks for simple movements are not well understood. Using vertebrate locomotion, respiration and mastication as exemplars, I describe four main principles of rhythmogenesis: (1) rhythmogenic ionic currents underlie all CPG...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53613-6.00014-9
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
