Abstract:
:Motor control of different segments of the body with multiple degrees of freedom appears to be coordinated by utilizing preferred axes of motor activity. This hypothesis may also be applied to vestibular control of posture. To explore this question we studied the anatomical relationship between the head and the cervical vertebral column by taking radiographs of the head-neck region in unrestrained alert guinea pigs. We determined that biomechanical constraints contribute to the stereotypical skeletal geometry observed in the resting animal and to a functional segmentation of the head-neck movement apparatus. Subsequent lesion studies of vestibular end organs with quantification of the resulting postural syndromes suggest that the functional segmentation of the cervical vertebral column corresponds to a functional partitioning of vestibular afferents. Our findings also indicate that the sensorimotor transformation mechanisms necessary to convert a given head velocity signal into the appropriate neck motor frame are already embedded in the networks provided by second-order vestibular neurons. Good trim of postural control will be the end result of an appropriate internal representation of the objective vertical.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Vidal PP,Wang DH,Graf W,de Waele Cdoi
10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62282-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
229-43eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(08)62282-7journal_volume
97pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Unraveling the mysteries of consciousness, lost and regained, and perhaps even intervening so as to prompt recovery are advances for which neither the clinical nor the lay community are prepared. These advances will shake existing expectations about severe brain damage and will find an unprepared clinical context, per...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50040-2
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three rhythmic movements, breathing, walking, and chewing, are considered from the perspective of the emerging factors that control their coordination. This takes us beyond the concept of a core excitatory kernel and into the common principles that govern the interaction between components of the neural networks that ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53825-3.00017-6
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results reported here confirm and extend those of early retrograde transport studies of the brainstem in the rat and cat. This study demonstrates substantial and multiple afferent projections to the cat locus coeruleus arising from neurons containing acetylcholine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, his...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63798-x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) have the ability to integrate information from different senses to profoundly increase their sensitivity to external events. This not only enhances an organism's ability to detect and localize these events, but to program appropriate motor responses to them. The surviva...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53752-2.00007-2
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fatigue is considered to be an important and frequent factor in motivation problems. However, this term lacks clinical and pathophysiological validity. Semantic precision has to be improved. Lack of drive and tiredness with increased sleepiness as observed in fatigue in the context of inflammatory and immunological pr...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.06.001
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The data presented in this paper show that the appropriate tools are now available to study the behavior of PLP and DM20 transcripts engineered with either point mutations or deletion of specific domains. Such studies should begin to provide new insights into the functions of PLP and DM20 and their role in relation to...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63307-5
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epileptologically informed in-depth analysis of auto- and heteroanamnestic historical sources supports the hypothesis that Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) might have suffered from a photosensitive idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome with absences, absence status, myoclonic seizures, and bilateral tonic-clonic seiz...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.11.007
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how action perception, embodiment, and emotion interact is essential for advancing knowledge about how we perceive and interact with each other in a social world. One tool that has proved particularly useful in the past decade for exploring the relationship between perception, action, and affect is dance...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.03.012
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of chimeric retinas has yielded insight on the early development of retina. The close match in chimerism ratios between right and left retinas is significant and supports the idea that both retinas originate from a common population of progenitors. We are able to estimate numbers of progenitor cells that con...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62528-5
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The description of a biological system using a mathematical model is the most effective means to specify the functioning of a quantitative hypothesis, providing at the same time the ability to make predictions that can be further tested experimentally. The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR), and more generally the ocular m...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.030
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is generally defined as visual field loss and optic nerve defects consistent with glaucoma and an intraocular pressure (IOP) that does not exceed 21 mmHg (Allingham, R.R., Damji, K., Freedman, S., Moroi, S., Shafranov, G., Shields, M.B. (2005). In: Pine J. and Murphy J. (Eds.), Shields' T...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)01114-X
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hand preference is a sensorimotor skill whose development both reflects and promotes the development of hemispheric lateralization for manual and cognitive functions. Extensive comparative, crosscultural, and paleoanthropological evidence demonstrates the prevalence of limb lateralized preferences across vertebrate sp...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.06.007
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although visually responsive neurons predominate in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (SC), the majority of them also receive sensory inputs from nonvisual sources (i.e. auditory and/or somatosensory). Most of these 'multisensory' neurons are able to synthesize their cross-modal inputs and, as a consequence, ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34011-6
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variation in neocortex size is one of the defining features of mammalian brain evolution. The paramount assumption has been that neocortex size indicates a monotonic allometric relationship with brain size. This assumption holds the concomitant neurodevelopmental assumption that the ontogenetic trajectory of neocortex...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.05.002
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence that human cognitive functions can be addressed from a robust neuroscience perspective. In particular, the distributed coherent electrical properties of central neuronal ensembles are considered to be a promising avenue of inquiry concerning global brain functions. The intrinsic oscillator...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50010-4
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The midbrain has been shown to contain crucial nuclei for the control of vertical and torsional eye movements. Recent studies in monkeys demonstrated that midbrain lesions also affect head movements during gaze saccades, but so far clinical reports on the matter have been missing. We measured 3D eye and head movements...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00686-9
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human brain is often characterized in terms of a duality, with the left and right brains serving complementary functions, and even individuals are sometimes classified as either "left-brained" or "right-brained." Recent evidence from brain imaging shows that hemispheric asymmetry is multidimensional, comprised of ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.041
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter provides evidence of spatial and temporal changes in the behavior of neurons within Areas 5 and 4 of the sensorimotor cortex of a nonhuman primate while it was executing a perturbed arm-reaching task. Chronically implanted electrode arrays were used to record simultaneously from 37 to 58 neurons. Also mea...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43045-8
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various growth factors are present in the hippocampal formation and appear responsible for the prominent plasticity of this brain area. Although hormone-like growth-promoting polypeptides are the best known, recent studies emphasize the importance in the growth response of molecules such as laminin proteoglycans, neur...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61261-3
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than a decade ago, Goodale and Milner proposed that our perceptual experience of the world depends on visual processing that is fundamentally distinct from that mediating the moment-to-moment visual control of our actions. They mapped this distinction between vision-for-perception and vision-for-action onto the t...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)49019-6
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive method used to induce electrical current in the brain through impulses of strong magnetic fields applied externally. The technique can relieve tinnitus by modulating the excitability of neurons in the auditory cortex to decrease the hyperexcitabilit...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66034-8
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter summarizes the most recent data on the use of the somatostatin analogues (SSAs), octreotide (OCT) and lanreotide for the treatment of patients with pituitary and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). These two analogues have a high affinity for somatostatin receptor (SSR) sub-types 2 and 5. The major indications ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(10)82012-6
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is the leading cause of blindness in East Asia. The disease can be classified into primary angle-closure suspect, primary angle closure (PAC), and PACG. Pupil-block, anterior nonpupil-block (plateau iris and peripheral iris crowding), lens related and retrolenticular m...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)01104-7
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results from the language studies taken as a whole point to different developmental time courses and developmental vulnerabilities of aspects of grammatical and semantic/lexical processing. They thus provide support for conceptions of language that distinguish these subprocesses within language. Similarly, followi...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(02)38078-6
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concerted efforts are realizing cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). In this chapter, I describe efforts at the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University. These efforts use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as donor cells. The iPSCs were established as human leukocyte antig...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.11.004
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, hypothalamic circuits have been described that impact energy homeostasis in rodents and humans. Our drug development efforts for the treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome have largely focused on selected genetic and/or pharmacologically validated pathways. The translation of these pathw...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)53005-5
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using alternatively labelled (-)-deprenyl (3H label in the ring and 14C in the propargyl group) the distribution of the compound was studied in 15 brain regions and the plasma of rats over a period of 96 h, after oral administration of 1.5 mg/kg of (-)-deprenyl. The compound is rapidly absorbed (within 15-30 min) from...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61211-x
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sex hormone effects on hypothalamic neurons have been worked out to a point where receptor mechanisms are relatively well understood, a neural circuit for a sex steroid-dependent behavior has been determined, and several functional genomic regulations have been discovered and conceptualized. With that knowledge in han...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)58012-4
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primates are endowed with a brain about twice the size that of a mammal with the same body size, and humans have the largest brain relative to body size of all animals. This increase in brain size may be related to the acquisition of higher cognitive skills that permitted more complex social interactions, the evolutio...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53860-4.00001-5
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, the circadian system is composed of the central clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei and of peripheral clocks that are located in other neural structures and in cells of the peripheral tissues and organs. In adults, the system is hierarchically organized so that the central clock provides the o...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59427-3.00005-8
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00