Abstract：
:The study of chimeric retinas has yielded insight on the early development of retina. The close match in chimerism ratios between right and left retinas is significant and supports the idea that both retinas originate from a common population of progenitors. We are able to estimate numbers of progenitor cells that contribute to the formation of the retina and the approximate time at which this small group is isolated from surrounding prosencephalic cell fields. These cells undergo at least five rounds of division before the first retinal neurons are generated. The mouse retina is not build from the center outward. There is simultaneous expansion and differentiation in all parts of the retina and as a result clones are not arranged in wedges. Instead the mouse retina is a patchwork of clones that do not differ greatly in size from center to periphery. The most consistent radial feature in mouse retina is a raphe left at the line of fusion of the margins of the ventral fissure. Processes that shape the clonal patchwork are both passive and active, intrinsic and extrinsic. Certain features of the clonal architecture of the retina, such as the size differences of clones are primarily passive responses to extrinsic forces on progenitor cells and their progeny. The fifteen-fold range in the size of cohorts is not due to intrinsic differences in the proliferative capacity of individual progenitor cells, but is due to the extent of cell movement and mixing at early stages of development. In contrast, active or intrinsic processes are illustrated by the partial (and still controversial) restriction of retinal progenitors, the possible clonal differences between ganglion cells with crossed and uncrossed projections, and the consistent differences in ratios of albino and pigmented genotypes in peripheral and central retina.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Goldowitz D,Rice DS,Williams RWdoi
10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62528-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-01 00:00:00pages
3-15eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(08)62528-5journal_volume
108pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The ability to silence, in a temporally precise fashion, the electrical activity of specific neurons embedded within intact brain tissue, is important for understanding the role that those neurons play in behaviors, brain disorders, and neural computations. "Optogenetic" silencers, genetically encoded molecules that, ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-59426-6.00003-3
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter reviews research that focuses on the effects of emotionality of single words, and of simple phrases, on event-related brain potentials when these are presented visually in various tasks. In these studies, presentation of emotionally evocative language material has consistently elicited a late (c. 300-600 ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)56009-1
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When we move our eyes around in real-world scenes, we typically have several peripheral previews of an object before we direct our eyes straight at the object. Numerous studies on transsaccadic memory have investigated whether there is any evidence for the integration of peripheral object information acquired presacca...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(02)40050-7
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In our overview, we will attempt to justify the use of animal models and suggest that it is the only way to make the successive transitions between changes occurring at the molecular and cellular levels and changes at the level of behaviour in the intact organism. We will also stress the importance of criteria that ha...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)00016-7
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fundamental obstacle to neuroprostheses based on penetrating microstimulation is the tissue's response to the device insertion and to the application of the electrical stimulation. Our long-term goal is to develop multichannel microstimulation of central nervous tissue for clinical therapy. The overall objective o...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53815-4.00011-X
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A dense serotonin (5-HT)-containing projection to the superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC) has been demonstrated in diverse mammalian species, but how 5-HT may affect visual signals within these laminae is largely unknown. This study undertook to investigate the distribution of 2 types of 5-HT receptors ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63320-8
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter reviews four key issues that must be addressed to advance our knowledge of control of head movement by the central nervous system (CNS). (1) Researchers must consider how the CNS utilizes the multiple muscle patterns that can produce the same head movement in carrying out tasks in an optimal way. (2) More...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(03)43035-5
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies with nicotine have, from the outset, been of fundamental importance for the elucidation of physiological mechanisms. However, many nicotinic cholinoreceptors do not appear to subserve a physiological role, at least within the present framework of knowledge. The main challenge in the immediate future is to dete...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62461-9
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is a hypothalamic neuropeptide important for mediation of arousal and sleep as well as feeding and energy homeostasis. Recent studies have indicated that orexin also plays a key role regulating motivation and reward associated with food intake and with drugs of abuse. Based on those f...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-59489-1.00006-9
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glaucoma is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that begins at the onset of aging. In this disease, there is an involvement of the immune system and therefore of the microglia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the microglial activation using a mouse model of ocular hypertension (OHT) at the onset of aging...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.05.024
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Noradrenergic LC neurons appear to be relatively unique in the brain, being unsurpassed in the divergence and ubiquity of their projections through the central nervous system. In this regard, they share certain characteristics with peripheral noradrenaline neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. As such they would ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63797-8
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social cognitive skills play a crucial role in human life, and have allowed us to reach a unique level of behavioral and cultural complexity. However, many nonhuman species also show a complex understanding of the social world. Building on theories of human social development, we will follow the emergence of cultural ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.05.008
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The visual system is tied to the retina. Because the eyes move in the orbit, and the head moves on the body, accurate location of an object in extrapersonal space cannot simply result from a visual signal. Instead, the retinal signal must be combined with an estimate of where the eyes are in the orbit, and where the h...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00606-7
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early intervention and environmental optimization have been central to management of Down syndrome (DS) and much of current treatment is still focused in strategies that involve early education plans. This approach has provided significant improvements for Down syndrome but it is not providing a full success. The disc...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.11.001
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orienting one's gaze towards a peripheral target is usually composed of a hypometric primary saccade followed by a secondary 'corrective saccade' triggered automatically (without conscious perception) by the retinal error at the end of the primary saccade and characterised by a short latency. Due to visual suppression...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)42012-8
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although visually responsive neurons predominate in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (SC), the majority of them also receive sensory inputs from nonvisual sources (i.e. auditory and/or somatosensory). Most of these 'multisensory' neurons are able to synthesize their cross-modal inputs and, as a consequence, ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34011-6
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter system provides fundamental modulatory regulation of the limbic-corticostriatal circuitry known to be vital in the development of addiction as well as the aspects of addiction that hinder recovery and contribute to relapse. Thus, components of the 5-HT system may provide novel tar...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00916-3
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Local recurrent connections endow the cerebellar cortex with an intrinsic dynamics. We performed computer simulations to predict the frequency bands of the oscillations that will most likely emerge. Feedback inhibition from the Golgi to the granule cells induced 10-50 Hz oscillations, the period at resonance being app...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(04)48015-7
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Network oscillations are proposed to provide the framework for the ongoing neural computations of the brain. Thus, an important aspect of understanding the functional roles of various cell classes in the brain is to understand the relationship of cellular activity to the ongoing oscillations. While many studies have c...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63012-X
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selective neuronal loss following status epilepticus was first described just under 100 years ago. The acute pathology following status epilepticus was shown to be 'ischemic cell change' and was assumed to arise through hypoxia/ischemia. Less than 30 years ago it was proposed, from experiments in primates, that the se...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(02)35003-9
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modern philosophy of mind cannot be understood without recent developments in computer science, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, neuroscience, biology, linguistics, and psychology. Classical philosophy of formal languages as well as symbolic AI assume that all kinds of knowledge must explicitly be represented b...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)68010-8
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinogeniculate connections are one of the most striking examples of connection specificity within the visual pathway. In almost every connection there is one dominant afferent cell per geniculate cell, and both afferent and geniculate cells have very similar receptive fields. The remarkable specificity and strength ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)54001-4
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The studies reviewed in this chapter present a convincing argument that prostaglandins have direct actions at the level of the spinal cord to enhance nociception. Furthermore, an increasing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that one important site of action of these eicosanoids is the terminals of sensory neuro...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61801-4
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Converging evidence from both human and animal studies has highlighted the pervasive role of two neuropeptides, oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), in mammalian social behaviours. Recent molecular genetic studies of the human arginine vasopressin 1a (AVPR1a) and oxytocin (OXTR) receptors have strengthened t...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00434-2
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The description of a biological system using a mathematical model is the most effective means to specify the functioning of a quantitative hypothesis, providing at the same time the ability to make predictions that can be further tested experimentally. The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR), and more generally the ocular m...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.030
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent years have brought a rapid growth in knowledge of the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is now clear that the clinical phase of PD is preceded by a phase of progressing neurodegeneration lasting many years. This involves not only central nervous system structures outside the substantia nigra and n...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.01.003
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The impact of spinal cord injury on an individual's gastrointestinal tract function is often poorly understood by the general public and also by those involved with persons with spinal cord injury. This chapter reviews the anatomy, physiology and function of the gastrointestinal tract, with particular emphasis on neur...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(05)52021-1
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The BBB is a target for some peptide signals, as demonstrated by our group for arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and atriopeptin (ANP). Peptide molecules contacting the luminal surface of endothelial cells interact with specific high-affinity binding sites. The minimal simple diffusion of peptide molecules across the layer o...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62330-4
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of consciousness within cognitive neuroscience has been dominated in recent years by investigations originating from collaborations between neuroscientific investigators and Buddhist meditation practitioners. The results have been remarkable, particularly when quantitative and qualitative research methods ha...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.016
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Impulsive testing, which accurately measures the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is mostly recorded from only one eye. We measured the horizontal VOR of both eyes in response to graded velocity head impulses in 14 normal subjects. VOR acceleration gains were similar for each eye in both directions at low acc...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00626-2
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
